1
καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ τετάρτῳ ἔτει ἐπὶ Δαρείου τοῦ βασιλέως ἐγένετο λόγος κυρίου πρὸς Ζαχαριαν τετράδι τοῦ μηνὸς τοῦ ἐνάτου ὅς ἐστιν Χασελευ
And it came to pass in the fourth year of Darius the king, on the fourth day of the ninth month, which is Chislev, that the word of the Lord came to Zechariah.
The chapter opens with a precise Persian-era date stamp. The concrete setting frames the inquiry about fasting as a real postexilic problem rather than an abstract lesson.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: indeclinable item rendered 'and' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionγίγνομαι: verbal lexeme rendered 'it came to pass' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phraseἐν: indeclinable item rendered 'in' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
τετάρτῳfourthA1 DSN · τέταρτοςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentτέταρτος: lexical item rendered 'fourth' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
ἔτειyearN3E DSN · ἔτοςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentἔτος: lexical item rendered 'year' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
ἐπὶin the days ofP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phraseἐπί: indeclinable item rendered 'in the days of' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ΔαρείουDariusN2 GSM · Δαρεῖοςgenitive element qualifying a related head termΔαρεῖος: lexical item rendered 'Darius' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive element qualifying a related head termβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionγίγνομαι: verbal lexeme rendered 'it came to pass' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
λόγοςwordN2 NSM · λόγοςnominative element functioning in the clause coreλόγος: lexical item rendered 'word' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive element qualifying a related head termκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD governs both the warnings of chapter 7 and the restoration promises of chapter 8.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phraseπρός: indeclinable item rendered 'to / toward' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ΖαχαριανZechariahN ASM · Ζαχαρίαςindeclinable element functioning within the clauseΖαχαρίας: indeclinable item rendered 'Zechariah' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
τετράδιfourth dayN3D DSF · τετράςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentτετράς: lexical item rendered 'fourth day' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
μηνὸςmonthN3 GSM · μήνgenitive element qualifying a related head termμήν: lexical item rendered 'month' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
ἐνάτουninthA1 GSM · ἔνατοςgenitive element qualifying a related head termἔνατος: lexical item rendered 'ninth' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
ὅςwho / whichRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form identifying a participant in the clauseὅς: lexical item rendered 'who / which' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clauseεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered 'is' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ΧασελευChislevN NS · Χασελευindeclinable element functioning within the clauseΧασελευ: indeclinable item rendered 'Chislev' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
2
καὶ ἐξαπέστειλεν εἰς Βαιθηλ Σαρασαρ καὶ Αρβεσεερ ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ οἱ ἄνδρες αὐτοῦ τοῦ ἐξιλάσασθαι τὸν κύριον
And the king sent Sharezer and Arbeser and his men to Bethel, to entreat the Lord,
The narrative shifts from prophetic dating to embassy action. The delegation's approach prepares the question that will be transformed by the oracle.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: indeclinable item rendered 'and' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ἐξαπέστειλενsentVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἐκ + ἀποmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clauseστέλλω + ἐκ + ἀπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'sent' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phraseεἰς: indeclinable item rendered 'into/to' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ΒαιθηλBethelN AS · Βαιθηλindeclinable element functioning within the clauseΒαιθηλ: indeclinable item rendered 'Bethel' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ΣαρασαρSharezerN ASM · Σαρασαρindeclinable element functioning within the clauseΣαρασαρ: indeclinable item rendered 'Sharezer' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: indeclinable item rendered 'and' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ΑρβεσεερArbeserN ASM · Αρβεσεερindeclinable element functioning within the clauseΑρβεσεερ: indeclinable item rendered 'Arbeser' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning in the clause coreβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: indeclinable item rendered 'and' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
ἄνδρεςmenN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning in the clause coreἀνήρ: lexical item rendered 'men' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
ἐξιλάσασθαιekVA AMN · ἱλάσκομαι + ἐκmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clauseἱλάσκομαι + ἐκ: verbal lexeme rendered 'ek' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD governs both the warnings of chapter 7 and the restoration promises of chapter 8.
3
λέγων πρὸς τοὺς ἱερεῖς τοὺς ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ κυρίου παντοκράτορος καὶ πρὸς τοὺς προφήτας λέγων εἰσελήλυθεν ὧδε ἐν τῷ μηνὶ τῷ πέμπτῳ τὸ ἁγίασμα καθότι ἐποίησα ἤδη ἱκανὰ ἔτη
saying to the priests who were in the house of the Lord Almighty and to the prophets, 'Has the sanctuary entered here in the fifth month, as I have already done for many years?'
The envoys' question is cultic and practical: should the old fifth-month mourning continue? The wording keeps attention on sanctuary practice and long habit.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive forceπαπνσμ λέγω: verbal lexeme rendered 'saying' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phraseπρός: indeclinable item rendered 'to / toward' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
ἱερεῖςpriestsN3V NPM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning in the clause coreἱερεύς: lexical item rendered 'priests' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phraseἐν: indeclinable item rendered 'in' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentοἶκος: lexical item rendered 'house' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive element qualifying a related head termκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD governs both the warnings of chapter 7 and the restoration promises of chapter 8.
παντοκράτοροςAlmightyN3R GSM · παντοκράτωρgenitive element qualifying a related head termπαντοκράτωρ: divine title meaning "Almighty / ruler of all," emphasizing the Lord’s universal authority over judgment, restoration, and the nations.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: indeclinable item rendered 'and' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phraseπρός: indeclinable item rendered 'to / toward' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
προφήταςprophetsN1M APM · προφήτηςaccusative element functioning as object or complementπροφήτης: lexical item rendered 'prophets' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive forceπαπνσμ λέγω: verbal lexeme rendered 'saying' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
εἰσελήλυθενenteredVX XAI3S · ἐρχομαι + εἰςmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clauseἐρχομαι + εἰς: verbal lexeme rendered 'entered' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ὧδεthis way / hereD · ὧδεadverbial modifier shaping the flow or emphasis of the clause→ adverbial nuanceὧδε: indeclinable item rendered 'this way / here' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phraseἐν: indeclinable item rendered 'in' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
μηνὶmonthN3 DSM · μήνdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentμήν: lexical item rendered 'month' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
πέμπτῳfifthA1 DSM · πέμπτοςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentπέμπτος: lexical item rendered 'fifth' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
ἁγίασμαsanctuaryN3M NSN · ἁγίασμαnominative element functioning in the clause coreἁγίασμα: lexical item rendered 'sanctuary' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
καθότιbecauseD · καθότιadverbial modifier shaping the flow or emphasis of the clauseκαθότι: indeclinable item rendered 'because' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ἐποίησαdo / makeVAI AAI1S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clauseποιέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'do / make' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ἤδηedeD · ἤδηadverbial modifier shaping the flow or emphasis of the clauseἤδη: indeclinable item rendered 'ede' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ἱκανὰmanyA1 APN · ἱκανόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἱκανός: lexical item rendered 'many' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
ἔτηyearsN3E APN · ἔτοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἔτος: lexical item rendered 'years' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
4
καὶ ἐγένετο λόγος κυρίου τῶν δυνάμεων πρός με λέγων
And the word of the Lord of hosts came to me, saying,
A fresh messenger formula marks the decisive turn from human question to divine interpretation.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: indeclinable item rendered 'and' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionγίγνομαι: verbal lexeme rendered 'it came to pass' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
λόγοςwordN2 NSM · λόγοςnominative element functioning in the clause coreλόγος: lexical item rendered 'word' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive element qualifying a related head termκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD governs both the warnings of chapter 7 and the restoration promises of chapter 8.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
δυνάμεωνhostsN3I GPF · δύναμιςgenitive element qualifying a related head termδύναμις: lexical item rendered 'hosts' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
πρόςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phraseπρός: indeclinable item rendered 'to' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as object or complementἐγώ: lexical item rendered 'me' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive forceπαπνσμ λέγω: verbal lexeme rendered 'saying' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
5
εἰπὸν πρὸς ἅπαντα τὸν λαὸν τῆς γῆς καὶ πρὸς τοὺς ἱερεῖς λέγων ἐὰν νηστεύσητε ἢ κόψησθε ἐν ταῖς πέμπταις ἢ ἐν ταῖς ἑβδόμαις καὶ ἰδοὺ ἑβδομήκοντα ἔτη μὴ νηστείαν νενηστεύκατέ μοι
'Speak to all the people of the land and to the priests, saying: If you fast or mourn in the fifth month or in the seventh month, behold, for seventy years, did you really fast a fast for me?
The Lord does not first answer whether the rite should continue; he asks for whom those decades of fasting were actually performed.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
εἰπὸνsayVB AAD2S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause→ commandεἶπον: verbal lexeme rendered 'say' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phraseπρός: indeclinable item rendered 'to / toward' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ἅπανταallA3 ASM · ἅπαςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἅπας: lexical item rendered 'all' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
λαὸνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementλαός: lexical item rendered 'people' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive element qualifying a related head termγῆ: lexical item rendered 'land' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: indeclinable item rendered 'and' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phraseπρός: indeclinable item rendered 'to / toward' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
ἱερεῖςpriestsN3V NPM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning in the clause coreἱερεύς: lexical item rendered 'priests' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive forceπαπνσμ λέγω: verbal lexeme rendered 'saying' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse steps→ conditional contingencyἐάν: indeclinable item rendered 'if' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
νηστεύσητεyou fastVA AAS2P · νηστεύωmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristνηστεύω: verbal lexeme rendered 'you fast' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ἢorC · ἤconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsἤ: indeclinable item rendered 'or' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
κόψησθεyou mournVA AMS2P · κόπτωmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause→ commandκόπτω: verbal lexeme rendered 'you mourn' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phraseἐν: indeclinable item rendered 'in' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
πέμπταιςfifthA1 DPF · πέμπτοςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentπέμπτος: lexical item rendered 'fifth' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
ἢorC · ἤconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsἤ: indeclinable item rendered 'or' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phraseἐν: indeclinable item rendered 'in' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
ἑβδόμαιςseventhA1 DPF · ἕβδομοςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentἕβδομος: lexical item rendered 'seventh' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: indeclinable item rendered 'and' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection marking direct address or rhetorical force→ discourse markerἰδού: indeclinable item rendered 'behold' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ἑβδομήκονταseventyM · ἑβδομήκονταnumerical expression within the clauseἑβδομήκοντα: indeclinable item rendered 'seventy' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ἔτηyearsN3E APN · ἔτοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἔτος: lexical item rendered 'years' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier shaping the flow or emphasis of the clauseμή: indeclinable item rendered 'not' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
νηστείανa fastN1A ASF · νηστείαaccusative element functioning as object or complementνηστεία: lexical item rendered 'a fast' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
νενηστεύκατέdid you fastVX XAI2P · νηστεύωmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristνηστεύω: verbal lexeme rendered 'did you fast' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
μοιfor meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as dative complement or referenceἐγώ: lexical item rendered 'for me' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
6
καὶ ἐὰν φάγητε ἢ πίητε οὐχ ὑμεῖς ἔσθετε καὶ ὑμεῖς πίνετε
And if you eat or drink, is it not you who eat and you who drink?
Feasting, like fasting, is shown to be centered on the people themselves when it is detached from obedience to God.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: indeclinable item rendered 'and' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse steps→ conditional contingencyἐάν: indeclinable item rendered 'if' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
φάγητεyou eatVB AAS2P · ἐσθίωmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause→ commandἐσθίω: verbal lexeme rendered 'you eat' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ἢorC · ἤconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsἤ: indeclinable item rendered 'or' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
πίητεyou drinkVB AAS2P · πίνωmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause→ commandπίνω: verbal lexeme rendered 'you drink' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial modifier shaping the flow or emphasis of the clauseοὐ: indeclinable item rendered 'not' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ὑμεῖςyouRP NP · σύpronominal form identifying a participant in the clauseσύ: lexical item rendered 'you' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
ἔσθετεeatV1 PAI2P · ἐσθίωmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause→ present imperative with μή (prohibition of an ongoing practice)ἐσθίω: verbal lexeme rendered 'eat' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: indeclinable item rendered 'and' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ὑμεῖςyouRP NP · σύpronominal form identifying a participant in the clauseσύ: lexical item rendered 'you' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
πίνετεdrinkV1 PAI2P · πίνωmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clauseπίνω: verbal lexeme rendered 'drink' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
7
οὐχ οὗτοι οἱ λόγοι εἰσίν οὓς ἐλάλησεν κύριος ἐν χερσὶν τῶν προφητῶν τῶν ἔμπροσθεν ὅτε ἦν Ιερουσαλημ κατοικουμένη καὶ εὐθηνοῦσα καὶ αἱ πόλεις αὐτῆς κυκλόθεν καὶ ἡ ὀρεινὴ καὶ ἡ πεδινὴ κατῳκεῖτο
Are these not the words that the Lord spoke by the hand of the former prophets, when Jerusalem was inhabited and prospering, with her cities round about her, and the hill country and the plain were inhabited?'
The answer reaches back to the former prophets and to the days before desolation, making clear that the real issue has already been addressed in Israel's earlier preaching.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial modifier shaping the flow or emphasis of the clauseοὐ: indeclinable item rendered 'not' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
οὗτοιtheseRD NPM · οὗτοςpronominal form identifying a participant in the clauseοὗτος: lexical item rendered 'these' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
λόγοιwordsN2 NPM · λόγοςnominative element functioning in the clause coreλόγος: lexical item rendered 'words' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
εἰσίνareV9 PAI3P · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clauseεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered 'are' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
οὓςwhichRR APM · ὅςpronominal form functioning as object or complementὅς: lexical item rendered 'which' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
ἐλάλησενspokeVAI AAI3S · λαλέωmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'spoke' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning in the clause coreκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD governs both the warnings of chapter 7 and the restoration promises of chapter 8.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phraseἐν: indeclinable item rendered 'in' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
χερσὶνby the hand ofN3 DPF · χείρdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentχείρ: lexical item rendered 'by the hand of' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
προφητῶνprophetsN1M GPM · προφήτηςgenitive element qualifying a related head termπροφήτης: lexical item rendered 'prophets' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
ἔμπροσθενformerD · ἔμπροσθενadverbial modifier shaping the flow or emphasis of the clauseἔμπροσθεν: indeclinable item rendered 'former' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ὅτεwhenD · ὅτεadverbial modifier shaping the flow or emphasis of the clauseὅτε: indeclinable item rendered 'when' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clauseεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered 'was' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN NSF · Ἰερουσαλήμindeclinable element functioning within the clauseJerusalem: the covenant city remembered in former prosperity, judged in desolation, and promised renewed truth, peace, and pilgrimage in Zechariah 7-8.
κατοικουμένηinhabitedV2 · πμπνσφ οἰκέω + καταparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive forceπμπνσφ οἰκέω + κατα: verbal lexeme rendered 'inhabited' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: indeclinable item rendered 'and' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
εὐθηνοῦσαprosperingV2 · παπνσφ εὐθηνέωparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive forceπαπνσφ εὐθηνέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'prospering' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: indeclinable item rendered 'and' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
πόλειςcitiesN3I NPF · πόλιςnominative element functioning in the clause coreπόλις: lexical item rendered 'cities' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'her' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
κυκλόθενround aboutD · κυκλόθενadverbial modifier shaping the flow or emphasis of the clauseκυκλόθεν: indeclinable item rendered 'round about' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: indeclinable item rendered 'and' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
ὀρεινὴhill countryN1 NSF · ὀρεινήnominative element functioning in the clause coreὀρεινή: lexical item rendered 'hill country' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: indeclinable item rendered 'and' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
πεδινὴplainA1 NSF · πεδεινόςnominative element functioning in the clause coreπεδεινός: lexical item rendered 'plain' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
κατῳκεῖτοwas inhabitedV2I IMI3S · οἰκέω + καταmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause→ descriptive imperfect (settled state)οἰκέω + κατα: verbal lexeme rendered 'was inhabited' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
8
καὶ ἐγένετο λόγος κυρίου πρὸς Ζαχαριαν λέγων
And the word of the Lord came to Zechariah, saying,
The chapter now moves from critique of ritual motive to a renewed restatement of covenantal demands.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: indeclinable item rendered 'and' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionγίγνομαι: verbal lexeme rendered 'it came to pass' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
λόγοςwordN2 NSM · λόγοςnominative element functioning in the clause coreλόγος: lexical item rendered 'word' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive element qualifying a related head termκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD governs both the warnings of chapter 7 and the restoration promises of chapter 8.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phraseπρός: indeclinable item rendered 'to / toward' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ΖαχαριανZechariahN1T ASM · Ζαχαριαςaccusative element functioning as object or complementΖαχαριας: lexical item rendered 'Zechariah' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive forceπαπνσμ λέγω: verbal lexeme rendered 'saying' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
9
τάδε λέγει κύριος παντοκράτωρ κρίμα δίκαιον κρίνατε καὶ ἔλεος καὶ οἰκτιρμὸν ποιεῖτε ἕκαστος πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ
'Thus says the Lord Almighty: Judge a just judgment, and practice mercy and compassion, each one toward his brother.
The Lord identifies the substance of obedience in judicial and interpersonal terms: justice, mercy, and compassion.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
τάδεthusRD APN · ὅδεpronominal form functioning as object or complementὅδε: lexical item rendered 'thus' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
λέγειsaysV1 PAI3S · λέγωmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clauseλέγω: verbal lexeme rendered 'says' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning in the clause coreκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD governs both the warnings of chapter 7 and the restoration promises of chapter 8.
παντοκράτωρAlmightyN3R NSM · παντοκράτωρnominative element functioning in the clause coreπαντοκράτωρ: divine title meaning "Almighty / ruler of all," emphasizing the Lord’s universal authority over judgment, restoration, and the nations.
κρίμαjudgmentN3M ASN · κρίμαaccusative element functioning as object or complementκρίμα: lexical item rendered 'judgment' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
δίκαιονjustA1A ASN · δίκαιοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementδίκαιος: lexical item rendered 'just' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
κρίνατεjudgeVA AAD2P · κρίνωmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause→ ingressive aorist imperative (render righteous verdicts)κρίνω: verbal lexeme rendered 'judge' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: indeclinable item rendered 'and' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ἔλεοςmercyN3E ASN · ἔλεοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἔλεος: lexical item rendered 'mercy' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: indeclinable item rendered 'and' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
οἰκτιρμὸνcompassionA3N ASM · οἰκτιρμόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementοἰκτιρμός: lexical item rendered 'compassion' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
ποιεῖτεpracticeV2 PAI2P · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clauseποιέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'practice' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ἕκαστοςeach oneA1 VSM · ἕκαστοςnominal element functioning within the clauseἕκαστος: lexical item rendered 'each one' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phraseπρός: indeclinable item rendered 'to / toward' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
ἀδελφὸνbrotherN2 ASM · ἀδελφόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἀδελφός: lexical item rendered 'brother' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
10
καὶ χήραν καὶ ὀρφανὸν καὶ προσήλυτον καὶ πένητα μὴ καταδυναστεύετε καὶ κακίαν ἕκαστος τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ μὴ μνησικακείτω ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν
And do not oppress widow, orphan, resident foreigner, or poor man, and let none of you remember his brother's evil in your hearts.
The command is sharpened by naming the vulnerable and by forbidding inward malice as well as outward oppression.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: indeclinable item rendered 'and' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
χήρανwidowN1A ASF · χήραaccusative element functioning as object or complementχήρα: lexical item rendered 'widow' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: indeclinable item rendered 'and' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ὀρφανὸνorphanA1 ASM · ὀρφανόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementὀρφανός: lexical item rendered 'orphan' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: indeclinable item rendered 'and' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
προσήλυτονresident foreignerN2 ASM · προσήλυτοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementπροσήλυτος: lexical item rendered 'resident foreigner' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: indeclinable item rendered 'and' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
πένηταpoor manN3T ASM · πένηςaccusative element functioning as object or complementπένης: lexical item rendered 'poor man' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier shaping the flow or emphasis of the clauseμή: indeclinable item rendered 'not' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
καταδυναστεύετεoppressV1 PAD2P · δυναστεύω + καταmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause→ commandδυναστεύω + κατα: verbal lexeme rendered 'oppress' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: indeclinable item rendered 'and' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
κακίανevilN1A ASF · κακίαaccusative element functioning as object or complementκακία: lexical item rendered 'evil' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
ἕκαστοςeach oneA1 NSM · ἕκαστοςnominative element functioning in the clause coreἕκαστος: lexical item rendered 'each one' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
ἀδελφοῦbrotherN2 GSM · ἀδελφόςgenitive element qualifying a related head termἀδελφός: lexical item rendered 'brother' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier shaping the flow or emphasis of the clauseμή: indeclinable item rendered 'not' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
μνησικακείτωrememberV2 PAD3S · μνησικακέωmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist subjunctive (the feared single act of retributive memory)μνησικακέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'remember' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phraseἐν: indeclinable item rendered 'in' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
καρδίαιςheartsN1A DPF · καρδίαdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentκαρδία: lexical item rendered 'hearts' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentσύ: lexical item rendered 'your' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
11
καὶ ἠπείθησαν τοῦ προσέχειν καὶ ἔδωκαν νῶτον παραφρονοῦντα καὶ τὰ ὦτα αὐτῶν ἐβάρυναν τοῦ μὴ εἰσακούειν
But they disobeyed so as not to pay attention, and they gave a stubborn back, and they made their ears heavy so as not to hear.
The fathers' refusal is described bodily: shoulder, ears, and posture all signal hardened resistance.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: indeclinable item rendered 'and' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ἠπείθησανthey disobeyedVAI AAI3P · ἀπειθέωmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clauseἀπειθέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'they disobeyed' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
προσέχεινto pay attentionV1 PAN · ἔχω + προςmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause→ infinitival verbal idea dependent on the governing expressionἔχω + προς: verbal lexeme rendered 'to pay attention' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: indeclinable item rendered 'and' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ἔδωκανthey gaveVAI AAI3P · δίδωμιmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist summary statementδίδωμι: verbal lexeme rendered 'they gave' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
νῶτονbackN2N ASM · νῶτονaccusative element functioning as object or complementνῶτον: lexical item rendered 'back' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
παραφρονοῦνταstubbornV2 · παπασμ φρονέω + παραparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive forceπαπασμ φρονέω + παρα: verbal lexeme rendered 'stubborn' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: indeclinable item rendered 'and' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
ὦταearsN3T APN · οὖςaccusative element functioning as object or complementοὖς: lexical item rendered 'ears' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'their' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
ἐβάρυνανthey made heavyVAI AAI3P · ἐβάρυνανmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clauseἐβάρυναν: verbal lexeme rendered 'they made heavy' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier shaping the flow or emphasis of the clauseμή: indeclinable item rendered 'not' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
εἰσακούεινto hearV1 PAN · ἀκούω + εἰςmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause→ imperfective infinitive (ongoing obedience characterizing the way)ἀκούω + εἰς: verbal lexeme rendered 'to hear' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
12
καὶ τὴν καρδίαν αὐτῶν ἔταξαν ἀπειθῆ τοῦ μὴ εἰσακούειν τοῦ νόμου μου καὶ τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἐξαπέστειλεν κύριος παντοκράτωρ ἐν πνεύματι αὐτοῦ ἐν χερσὶν τῶν προφητῶν τῶν ἔμπροσθεν καὶ ἐγένετο ὀργὴ μεγάλη παρὰ κυρίου παντοκράτορος
And they made their heart disobedient so as not to hear my law and the words that the Lord Almighty sent by his Spirit through the hand of the former prophets, and great wrath came from the Lord Almighty.
The refusal reaches the heart itself, and the rejected word is explicitly identified as Spirit-borne prophetic speech; divine wrath follows.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: indeclinable item rendered 'and' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative element functioning as object or complementκαρδία: lexical item rendered 'heart' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'their' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
ἔταξανthey madeVAI AAI3P · τάσσωmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristτάσσω: verbal lexeme rendered 'they made' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ἀπειθῆdisobedientA3 APF · ἀπειθήςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἀπειθής: lexical item rendered 'disobedient' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier shaping the flow or emphasis of the clauseμή: indeclinable item rendered 'not' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
εἰσακούεινto hearV1 PAN · ἀκούω + εἰςmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause→ imperfective infinitive (ongoing obedience characterizing the way)ἀκούω + εἰς: verbal lexeme rendered 'to hear' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
νόμουlawN2 GSM · νόμοςgenitive element qualifying a related head termνόμος: lexical item rendered 'law' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentἐγώ: lexical item rendered 'my' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: indeclinable item rendered 'and' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
λόγουςwordsN2 APM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementλόγος: lexical item rendered 'words' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
οὓςwhichRR APM · ὅςpronominal form functioning as object or complementὅς: lexical item rendered 'which' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
ἐξαπέστειλενsentVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἐκ + ἀποmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clauseστέλλω + ἐκ + ἀπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'sent' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning in the clause coreκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD governs both the warnings of chapter 7 and the restoration promises of chapter 8.
παντοκράτωρAlmightyN3R NSM · παντοκράτωρnominative element functioning in the clause coreπαντοκράτωρ: divine title meaning "Almighty / ruler of all," emphasizing the Lord’s universal authority over judgment, restoration, and the nations.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phraseἐν: indeclinable item rendered 'in' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
πνεύματιSpiritN3M DSN · πνεῦμαdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentπνεῦμα: lexical item rendered 'Spirit' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phraseἐν: indeclinable item rendered 'in' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
χερσὶνby the hand ofN3 DPF · χείρdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentχείρ: lexical item rendered 'by the hand of' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
προφητῶνprophetsN1M GPM · προφήτηςgenitive element qualifying a related head termπροφήτης: lexical item rendered 'prophets' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
ἔμπροσθενformerD · ἔμπροσθενadverbial modifier shaping the flow or emphasis of the clauseἔμπροσθεν: indeclinable item rendered 'former' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: indeclinable item rendered 'and' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionγίγνομαι: verbal lexeme rendered 'it came to pass' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ὀργὴwrathN1 NSF · ὀργήnominative element functioning in the clause coreὀργή: lexical item rendered 'wrath' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
μεγάληgreatA1 NSF · μέγαςnominative element functioning in the clause coreμέγας: lexical item rendered 'great' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition governing its complement phraseπαρά: indeclinable item rendered 'from' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive element qualifying a related head termκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD governs both the warnings of chapter 7 and the restoration promises of chapter 8.
παντοκράτοροςAlmightyN3R GSM · παντοκράτωρgenitive element qualifying a related head termπαντοκράτωρ: divine title meaning "Almighty / ruler of all," emphasizing the Lord’s universal authority over judgment, restoration, and the nations.
13
καὶ ἔσται ὃν τρόπον εἶπεν καὶ οὐκ εἰσήκουσαν αὐτοῦ οὕτως κεκράξονται καὶ οὐ μὴ εἰσακούσω λέγει κύριος παντοκράτωρ
And it shall be: just as he spoke and they did not listen to him, so they will cry out and I will certainly not listen, says the Lord Almighty.
The structure is judicially reciprocal: as they would not hear the Lord's call, so the Lord will not hear theirs.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: indeclinable item rendered 'and' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ἔσταιit shall beV9 FMI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause→ futureεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered 'it shall be' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ὃνjust asRR ASM · ὅςpronominal form functioning as object or complementὅς: lexical item rendered 'just as' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
τρόπονmannerN2 ASM · τρόποςaccusative element functioning as object or complementτρόπος: lexical item rendered 'manner' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
εἶπενhe spokeVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clauseεἶπον: verbal lexeme rendered 'he spoke' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: indeclinable item rendered 'and' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier shaping the flow or emphasis of the clauseοὐ: indeclinable item rendered 'not' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
εἰσήκουσανthey listenedVAI AAI3P · ἀκούω + εἰςmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clauseἀκούω + εἰς: verbal lexeme rendered 'they listened' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
οὕτωςsoD · οὕτωςadverbial modifier shaping the flow or emphasis of the clauseοὕτως: indeclinable item rendered 'so' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
κεκράξονταιthey will cry outVFX FMI3P · κράζωmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause→ intensive perfect (the cry stands as a current fact — 'they are even now crying out')κράζω: verbal lexeme rendered 'they will cry out' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: indeclinable item rendered 'and' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier shaping the flow or emphasis of the clauseοὐ: indeclinable item rendered 'not' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier shaping the flow or emphasis of the clauseμή: indeclinable item rendered 'not' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
εἰσακούσωI will listenVF FAI1S · ἀκούω + εἰςmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause→ future force: projected action or resultἀκούω + εἰς: verbal lexeme rendered 'I will listen' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
λέγειsaysV1 PAI3S · λέγωmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clauseλέγω: verbal lexeme rendered 'says' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning in the clause coreκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD governs both the warnings of chapter 7 and the restoration promises of chapter 8.
παντοκράτωρAlmightyN3R NSM · παντοκράτωρnominative element functioning in the clause coreπαντοκράτωρ: divine title meaning "Almighty / ruler of all," emphasizing the Lord’s universal authority over judgment, restoration, and the nations.
14
καὶ ἐκβαλῶ αὐτοὺς εἰς πάντα τὰ ἔθνη ἃ οὐκ ἔγνωσαν καὶ ἡ γῆ ἀφανισθήσεται κατόπισθεν αὐτῶν ἐκ διοδεύοντος καὶ ἐξ ἀναστρέφοντος καὶ ἔταξαν γῆν ἐκλεκτὴν εἰς ἀφανισμόν
And I will cast them out among all the nations that they did not know, and the land shall be made desolate behind them, with no one passing through and no one returning, because they turned a choice land into desolation.'
The closing judgment widens from unanswered prayer to exile and depopulation, ending with the land itself turned into devastation.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: indeclinable item rendered 'and' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ἐκβαλῶI will cast outVF2 FAI1S · βάλλω + ἐκmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause→ predictive future (the LORD's measured pace of dispossession)βάλλω + ἐκ: verbal lexeme rendered 'I will cast out' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as object or complementαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'them' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phraseεἰς: indeclinable item rendered 'into/to' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or complementπᾶς: lexical item rendered 'all' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
ἔθνηnationsN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἔθνος: lexical item rendered 'nations' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
ἃwhichRR APN · ὅςpronominal form functioning as object or complementὅς: lexical item rendered 'which' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier shaping the flow or emphasis of the clauseοὐ: indeclinable item rendered 'not' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ἔγνωσανthey knewVZI AAI3P · γιγνώσκωmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clauseγιγνώσκω: verbal lexeme rendered 'they knew' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: indeclinable item rendered 'and' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
γῆland / earthN1 NSF · γῆnominative element functioning in the clause coreγῆ: lexical item rendered 'land / earth' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
ἀφανισθήσεταιshall be made desolateVS FPI3P · ἵζω + ἀπο + ἀναmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clauseἵζω + ἀπο + ἀνα: verbal lexeme rendered 'shall be made desolate' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
κατόπισθενbehindD · κατόπισθενadverbial modifier shaping the flow or emphasis of the clauseκατόπισθεν: indeclinable item rendered 'behind' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'their' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phraseἐκ: indeclinable item rendered 'from' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
διοδεύοντοςpassing throughV1 · παπγσμ ὁδεύω + διαparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive forceπαπγσμ ὁδεύω + δια: verbal lexeme rendered 'passing through' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: indeclinable item rendered 'and' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phraseἐκ: indeclinable item rendered 'from' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ἀναστρέφοντοςreturningV1 · παπγσμ στρέφω + ἀναparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive forceπαπγσμ στρέφω + ἀνα: verbal lexeme rendered 'returning' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: indeclinable item rendered 'and' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ἔταξανthey madeVAI AAI3P · τάσσωmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristτάσσω: verbal lexeme rendered 'they made' here and used in the form demanded by the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object or complementγῆ: lexical item rendered 'land' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
ἐκλεκτὴνchoiceA1 ASF · ἐκλεκτόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἐκλεκτός: lexical item rendered 'choice' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phraseεἰς: indeclinable item rendered 'into/to' here, shaping the relation, connection, or emphasis of the clause in Zechariah 7-8.
ἀφανισμόνdesolationN2 ASM · ἀφανισμόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἀφανισμός: lexical item rendered 'desolation' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zechariah 7-8.