καὶandnarrative conjunction (Hebraizing καί-parataxis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introducing formula)→ verbal action or stateλέγω: 'say / speak'; here with ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ the verb denotes inner speech, the LXX idiom for self-deliberation (cf. Gen 17:17; 27:41 LXX); the aorist frames the resolve as a single decisive act of mind.
ΔαυιδDavidsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliteration of Hebrew דָּוִד; indeclinable in the LXX of Kingdoms; the protagonist of the chapter, here deliberating his defection.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative, idiomatic)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative, idiomatic).
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίᾳheartDativedative of place (locative: the seat of thought)→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: 'heart'; renders לֵב; in Hebrew anthropology the heart is the seat of thought, will, and decision, not merely emotion; εἶπεν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ = 'thought to himself / resolved inwardly'.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying καρδίᾳ)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying καρδίᾳ).
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · λέγωcircumstantial participle (Hebraism introducing direct discourse)→ verbal action or stateλέγω (pres. ptc.): the pleonastic λέγων after a verb of saying is the LXX's standard calque of the Hebrew infinitive לֵאמֹר, functioning as a quotation marker introducing the content of David's thought.
νῦνnowtemporal adverb (deliberative 'as things now stand')→ adverbial qualificationνῦν: 'now'; here logical-deliberative rather than strictly temporal — 'as matters now stand', introducing David's assessment of his present peril.
προστεθήσομαιI shall be added / swept awayFut Pass Indic 1 Sg · προστίθημιmain verb (David's predicted fate)→ verbal action or stateπροστίθημι (fut. pass.): lit. 'be added / be put alongside'; the passive here renders the Hebrew sense 'I shall be swept away / perish' (נִסְפֶּה, from סָפָה); the LXX reads the consonants as if from יָסַף ('add'), yielding προστεθήσομαι — David fears he will be 'gathered' into Saul's hand and destroyed.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (temporal: 'in one day')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (temporal: 'in one day').
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time (with μιᾷ: 'on a single day')→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: 'day'; ἐν ἡμέρᾳ μιᾷ ('on one day') stresses the suddenness and totality of the feared capture — a single day could end everything.
μιᾷoneDativeattributive adjective (numeral modifying ἡμέρᾳ)→ measure or countεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; the feminine dative μιᾷ agrees with ἡμέρᾳ; 'in one day' = 'on some single day', emphasising that disaster could strike at any moment.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction: 'into the hands')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction: 'into the hands').
χεῖραςhandsAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (idiom: 'into the hands of')→ object specificationχείρ (pl. χεῖρας): 'hand'; εἰς χεῖρας τινος ('into someone's hands') renders בְּיַד, the standard Hebrew idiom for falling under another's power or being delivered up to an enemy.
Σαουλof Saulgenitive of possession (indeclinable: 'hands of Saul')→ participant identificationΣαουλ: transliteration of Hebrew שָׁאוּל; indeclinable in the LXX; David's relentless pursuer, whose hand he fears to fall into.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotnegative particle (negating ἔστιν)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ (οὐκ before vowel): objective negation; here denying the existence of any good in David's present course.
ἔστινthere isPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (existential: 'there is not')→ verbal action or stateεἰμί: 'be / exist'; the existential οὐκ ἔστιν μοι ἀγαθόν ('there is nothing good for me') renders אֵין … טוֹב, a Hebraic assessment of David's hopeless situation apart from flight.
μοιfor meDativedative of advantage (possessor: 'good for me')→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'for me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of advantage (possessor: 'good for me').
ἀγαθόνgoodNominativepredicate nominative (substantival adjective: 'a good thing')→ participant prominenceἀγαθός: 'good'; substantival neuter 'a good (thing) / advantage'; renders טוֹב; the negation frames David's reasoning: no good outcome is possible unless he escapes.
ἐὰνif / unlessconditional conjunction (with μή: 'unless')→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: 'if'; with μή = 'unless / except'; introduces the condition (escape to Philistia) on which David's safety depends; takes the subjunctive (σωθῶ).
μὴnotnegative particle (with ἐάν: 'unless')→ discourse linkage or contrastμή: subjective negation used in the conditional clause; ἐὰν μή = 'unless'.
σωθῶI be saved / escapeAor Pass Subj 1 Sg · σῴζωverb of conditional clause (subjunctive after ἐὰν μή)→ verbal action or stateσῴζω (aor. pass. subj.): 'save / rescue / preserve'; renders מָלַט / נִמְלַט ('escape'); the passive 'be saved' brackets the verse with σωθήσομαι at its close, framing David's whole reasoning by the theme of deliverance — ironically sought in enemy territory.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction of flight)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of flight).
γῆνlandAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (destination)→ object specificationγῆ: 'land / earth'; γῆν ἀλλοφύλων = 'land of the Philistines', the destination of David's calculated escape.
ἀλλοφύλωνof foreigners / PhilistinesGenitivegenitive of relationship (modifying γῆν: 'land of foreigners')→ relational specificationἀλλόφυλος: lit. 'of another tribe / foreigner'; the standard LXX rendering of פְּלִשְׁתִּים ('Philistines'), Israel's archetypal enemy; the choice of this generic term subtly underscores the scandal of David seeking refuge among the very people he has been fighting.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (linking second clause of the condition)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνῇcease / give upAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἀνίημιverb of subordinate clause (subjunctive, continuing the condition)→ verbal action or stateἀνίημι (aor. subj.): 'let go / loosen / cease / abandon'; here intransitive 'desist / give up'; renders נוֹאַשׁ / חָדַל ('despair of / cease'); David reasons that defection will make Saul abandon (ἀνῇ) the search across all Israel.
ΣαουλSaulsubject of ἀνῇ (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΣαουλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject of ἀνῇ (indeclinable proper noun).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with articular infinitive ζητεῖν: genitive of separation)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ζητεῖνto seekPres Act Inf · ζητέωarticular infinitive (genitive of separation after ἀνῇ: 'cease from seeking')→ verbal action or stateζητέω: 'seek / search for'; renders בִּקֵּשׁ; the articular infinitive τοῦ ζητεῖν after ἀνῇ expresses the activity desisted from — Saul's relentless searching for David.
μεmeAccusativedirect object of ζητεῖν (1st person pronoun)→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ζητεῖν (1st person pronoun).
εἰςin / throughoutpreposition + accusative (extent: 'throughout every territory')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς + acc.: here of spatial extent, 'in / throughout'; renders בְּכָל; the searching ranges over the whole of Israelite territory.
πᾶνeveryAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ὅριον: 'every territory')→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all / every'; the neuter πᾶν agrees with ὅριον; underscores the comprehensiveness of Saul's pursuit, from which only departure can free David.
ὅριονterritory / borderAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (extent of the search)→ object specificationὅριον: 'boundary / region / territory'; renders גְּבוּל; πᾶν ὅριον Ισραηλ = 'all the territory of Israel', the full extent of Saul's reach within which David is never safe.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'territory of Israel')→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliteration of Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל; indeclinable in the LXX; here designating the national territory under Saul's control.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the resultant clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σωθήσομαιI shall be savedFut Pass Indic 1 Sg · σῴζωmain verb (resultant outcome of David's reasoning)→ verbal action or stateσῴζω (fut. pass.): the future indicative caps David's calculation: escape to Philistia → Saul desists → 'I shall be saved out of his hand'; the verb forms an inclusio with σωθῶ above, the deliverance-motif bracketing the soliloquy.
ἐκout ofpreposition + genitive (source: 'out of his hand')→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'out of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source: 'out of his hand').
χειρὸςhandGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (idiom: 'out of the hand of')→ relational specificationχείρ (gen. χειρός): 'hand'; ἐκ χειρὸς αὐτοῦ ('out of his hand') renders מִיַּד, the idiom's counterpart to εἰς χεῖρας above — the verse moves from the threat of falling into Saul's hands to the hope of being delivered out of them.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (referring to Saul)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (referring to Saul).