Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Exodus, Chapter 37ΕΞΟΔΟΣ ΛΖ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

The construction account of the tabernacle in the LXX (Exod 35–40) diverges markedly from the Masoretic order: it is shorter, the material is rearranged, and the sequence of items does not track the Hebrew chapter divisions.

Translation & textual notes

The Greek text of Exodus 37 follows the standard critical text of the Septuagint as established in the Rahlfs–Hanhart edition (Septuaginta, rev. ed. 2006), an ancient and public-domain text; the critical apparatus is not reproduced. The construction account of the tabernacle in the LXX (Exod 35–40) diverges markedly from the Masoretic order: it is shorter, the material is rearranged, and the sequence of items does not track the Hebrew chapter divisions. In particular, the LXX places in this chapter the making of the tent's textile fabric — the curtains and the hangings — material that the MT distributes across its chapter 36 (the curtains of the dwelling) and chapter 38 (the court). Thus LXX Exod 37 opens not, as MT 37, with the ark and the golden furniture (which the LXX has already narrated under the heading of the holy vessels), but with καὶ ἐποίησαν τῇ σκηνῇ δέκα αὐλαίας ('and they made for the tabernacle ten curtains', v. 1). The chapter narrates the ten linen curtains (αὐλαῖαι), the woven veil (καταπέτασμα) of blue, purple, and spun scarlet and twined byssus with cherubim, the screen of the door of the tent of witness, and then the hangings (ἱστία) of the court (αὐλή) on all four sides — south (λίψ), north (βορρᾶς), west (θάλασσα), and east (ἀνατολαί) — with their pillars (στῦλοι), bases (βάσεις), hooks (ἀγκύλαι), capitals (κεφαλίδες), and bronze pegs (πάσσαλοι). The vocabulary is that of skilled craft-execution: ἐποίησαν, κατεχρύσωσαν, περιηργυρωμένοι, ἔργον ὑφάντου ('work of a weaver'), ἔργον ποικιλτοῦ ('work of an embroiderer'). The perfect passive participles νενησμένου ('spun'), κεκλωσμένης ('twined'), and the gold/silver-plating participles describe finished, dedicated workmanship. The chapter closes (vv. 19–21) with a colophon: the σύνταξις ('ordering') of the tent of witness as it was commanded to Moses, the liturgical service of the Levites under Ithamar son of Aaron the priest, and the naming of the two master-craftsmen — Bezalel (Βεσελεηλ) son of Uri of the tribe of Judah, who made all that the LORD commanded, and Eliab/Oholiab (Ελιαβ) son of Ahisamach of the tribe of Dan, who was chief-craftsman (ὃς ἠρχιτεκτόνησεν) of the woven, embroidered, and variegated work in scarlet and byssus.

1

καὶ ἐποίησαν τῇ σκηνῇ δέκα αὐλαίας

And they made for the tabernacle ten curtains.

Opening of the textile-construction account (main narrative)καὶ ἐποίησαν
The chapter opens with the workmen's plural ἐποίησαν, the leitmotif verb of the whole construction account (Exod 36–37 LXX). Unlike MT 37 (the ark and golden furniture), the LXX begins the chapter with the dwelling's textile fabric — the ten curtains — signalling the Septuagint's distinctive ordering of the tabernacle narrative.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (Hebraizing καί-parataxis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησανthey madeAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ποιέωmain verb (construction-execution)→ constative aorist (completed act of fabrication)ποιέω: 'make / do / fashion'; renders עָשָׂה; the third-plural ἐποίησαν (the craftsmen as subject) is the keynote verb of the LXX construction account, recurring at the head of each made item (vv. 3, 5, 7); it answers the imperative ποιήσεις/ποιήσουσιν of the instruction account (Exod 25–30).
τῇfor theDativearticle (with σκηνῇ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῇtabernacle / tentDativedative of advantage ('for the tabernacle')→ sphere or referenceσκηνή: 'tent / dwelling / tabernacle'; renders מִשְׁכָּן and אֹהֶל; the standard LXX term for the desert sanctuary; the dative of advantage marks the curtains as made for the structure they will compose and cover.
δέκαtenattributive numeral (indeclinable, modifying αὐλαίας)→ measure or countδέκα: 'ten'; indeclinable cardinal; renders עֶשֶׂר; the ten curtains correspond to the prescription of Exod 26:1, forming the inner fabric of the dwelling.
αὐλαίαςcurtainsAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησαν→ object specificationαὐλαία: 'curtain / hanging / drape'; renders יְרִיעָה; the αὐλαῖαι are the large woven panels that compose the dwelling's covering; the term recurs throughout the chapter for both the tent-curtains and the court-curtains.
2

ὀκτὼ καὶ εἴκοσι πήχεων μῆκος τῆς αὐλαίας τῆς μιᾶς τὸ αὐτὸ ἦσαν πᾶσαι καὶ τεσσάρων πηχῶν τὸ εὖρος τῆς αὐλαίας τῆς μιᾶς

Twenty-eight cubits was the length of the one curtain — all were the same — and the breadth of the one curtain was four cubits.

Descriptive amplification of v. 1 (the curtains' dimensions)(asyndeton: dimensional specification)
A measurement clause specifying the uniform size of each curtain. The parenthetical τὸ αὐτὸ ἦσαν πᾶσαι ('all were the same') insists on standardisation, a hallmark of the tabernacle's exact, divinely-prescribed proportions (cf. Exod 26:2).
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ὀκτὼeightnumeral (indeclinable, with εἴκοσι: 'twenty-eight')→ measure or countὀκτώ: 'eight'; indeclinable cardinal; combined with εἴκοσι ('eight and twenty') it renders the Hebrew שְׁמֹנֶה וְעֶשְׂרִים, the prescribed length of each curtain at Exod 26:2.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining the numeral compound)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἴκοσιtwentynumeral (indeclinable, with ὀκτώ)→ measure or countεἴκοσι: 'twenty'; indeclinable cardinal; the compound ὀκτὼ καὶ εἴκοσι ('twenty-eight') is the curtain's length in cubits.
πήχεωνcubitsGenitivegenitive of measure (with μῆκος)→ relational specificationπῆχυς: 'cubit / forearm'; renders אַמָּה; the standard biblical unit of length (c. 44–52 cm); the genitive of measure quantifies the length.
μῆκοςlengthNominativesubject (predicate of measurement)→ participant prominenceμῆκος: 'length'; renders אֹרֶךְ; paired conventionally with εὖρος ('breadth') and ὕψος ('height') in the measurement formulae of the tabernacle account.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with αὐλαίας)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐλαίαςcurtainGenitivegenitive of possession ('of the curtain')→ relational specificationαὐλαία: here in the genitive singular, specifying the dimension of a single representative curtain — 'the one curtain'.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with μιᾶς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μιᾶςoneGenitiveattributive numeral ('the one / single curtain')→ relational specificationεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; the feminine genitive μιᾶς ('the one') is distributive-representative — the measurement of any single curtain, since all are identical.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with αὐτό)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐτὸsameNominativepredicate ('the same measure')→ participant referenceαὐτός: 'same / self'; the phrase τὸ αὐτό ('the same') asserts the uniformity of all the curtains — a standard formula of exact correspondence (cf. Exod 26:2, 'one measure for all the curtains').
ἦσανwereImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίcopula (parenthetical: 'all were the same')→ stative imperfect (enduring state of uniformity)εἰμί: 'be'; the imperfect ἦσαν with πᾶσαι forms the descriptive parenthetical asserting that every curtain shared the identical dimensions.
πᾶσαιallNominativesubject of ἦσαν ('all [the curtains]')→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all / every'; the feminine plural πᾶσαι refers to all ten αὐλαῖαι; the clause stresses total uniformity of the woven panels.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining the breadth-clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τεσσάρωνfourGenitivegenitive of measure (with πηχῶν)→ relational specificationτέσσαρες: 'four'; the genitive τεσσάρων πηχῶν ('of four cubits') gives the curtain's breadth, matching Exod 26:2.
πηχῶνcubitsGenitivegenitive of measure (with εὖρος)→ relational specificationπῆχυς (gen. pl. πηχῶν): variant genitive plural alongside πήχεων (v. 2a); both forms occur in the LXX measurement formulae.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with εὖρος)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὖροςbreadthNominativesubject (predicate of measurement)→ participant prominenceεὖρος: 'breadth / width'; renders רֹחַב; paired with μῆκος in the dimension-formula; here four cubits, against the curtain's length of twenty-eight.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with αὐλαίας)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐλαίαςcurtainGenitivegenitive of possession ('of the curtain')→ relational specificationαὐλαίας: meaning 'curtain'; it serves as genitive of possession ('of the curtain').
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with μιᾶς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μιᾶςoneGenitiveattributive numeral ('the one / single curtain')→ relational specificationμιᾶς: meaning 'one'; it serves as attributive numeral ('the one / single curtain').
3

καὶ ἐποίησαν τὸ καταπέτασμα ἐξ ὑακίνθου καὶ πορφύρας καὶ κοκκίνου νενησμένου καὶ βύσσου κεκλωσμένης ἔργον ὑφάντου χερουβιμ

And they made the veil out of blue and purple and spun scarlet and twined byssus, the work of a weaver, with cherubim.

Next made item (the veil)καὶ ἐποίησαν
The made-item formula καὶ ἐποίησαν resumes, now for the veil (καταπέτασμα). The fourfold material list — blue, purple, spun scarlet, twined byssus — is the standard liturgical-textile catalogue of the sanctuary (cf. Exod 26:31), and the closing ἔργον ὑφάντου χερουβιμ ('weaver's work, cherubim') specifies the figured workmanship.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησανthey madeAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ποιέωmain verb (construction-execution)→ constative aorist (completed fabrication)ποιέω: the repeated made-item formula; each new sanctuary component is introduced by καὶ ἐποίησαν, structuring the account as an inventory of executed commands.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with καταπέτασμα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταπέτασμαveilAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησαν→ object specificationκαταπέτασμα: 'veil / curtain'; renders פָּרֹכֶת (the inner veil) and מָסָךְ (the screen); the term that in the NT names the temple veil torn at the crucifixion (Matt 27:51); here the figured veil separating the holy place.
ἐξout ofpreposition + genitive (material)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ/ἐξ: 'out of / from'; the genitive of material introduces the textile components from which the veil is woven.
ὑακίνθουblue / hyacinthGenitivegenitive of material→ relational specificationὑάκινθος: 'hyacinth / blue-violet (dyed wool)'; renders תְּכֵלֶת; the first of the three sacred dyes; a deep blue-purple of high value, used throughout the sanctuary fabric.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πορφύραςpurpleGenitivegenitive of material→ relational specificationπορφύρα: 'purple (dyed wool)'; renders אַרְגָּמָן; the costly Tyrian/murex purple, emblem of royalty and the second of the sacred dyes.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κοκκίνουscarletGenitivegenitive of material→ relational specificationκόκκινος: 'scarlet / crimson'; renders תּוֹלַעַת שָׁנִי; the red dye derived from the kermes insect (κόκκος); the third sacred dye of the sanctuary textiles.
νενησμένουspunPerf Pass Ptcp Gen Sg Neut · νήθωattributive participle (modifying κοκκίνου)→ resultative perfect (finished, spun state)νήθω: 'spin (thread)'; the perfect passive participle νενησμένου ('having been spun') describes the scarlet as worked into thread; renders the Hebrew technical sense of שָׁנִי as spun crimson yarn; the resultative perfect marks completed craftsmanship.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βύσσουbyssus / fine linenGenitivegenitive of material→ relational specificationβύσσος: 'byssus / fine linen'; renders שֵׁשׁ; the costly fine white linen forming the ground of the sanctuary fabric; together with the three dyes it makes the fourfold sacred textile.
κεκλωσμένηςtwinedPerf Pass Ptcp Gen Sg Fem · κλώθωattributive participle (modifying βύσσου)→ resultative perfect (finished, twisted state)κλώθω: 'spin / twist (thread)'; the perfect passive participle κεκλωσμένης ('having been twined') renders שָׁזָר; βύσσος κεκλωσμένη ('twined byssus') is a fixed LXX phrase for the finely twisted linen of the sanctuary; the perfect again marks completed work.
ἔργονworkAccusativeaccusative in apposition (defining the workmanship)→ object specificationἔργον: 'work / product / craftsmanship'; renders מַעֲשֵׂה; the phrase ἔργον ὑφάντου ('work of a weaver') is a technical designation of figured weaving, distinguished from ἔργον ποικιλτοῦ ('embroiderer's work', v. 16).
ὑφάντουof a weaverGenitivegenitive of source/agent (with ἔργον)→ relational specificationὑφάντης: 'weaver'; renders חֹשֵׁב (the skilled designer-weaver); ἔργον ὑφάντου denotes cherubim woven into the fabric on the loom, as opposed to needle-embroidery; cf. Exod 26:31.
χερουβιμcherubimaccusative of respect (transliterated indeclinable: 'with cherubim')→ clausal contributionχερουβιμ: transliteration of Hebrew כְּרֻבִים, the plural of כְּרוּב; indeclinable in the LXX; the cherubim-figures woven into the veil mark it as the boundary of the divine presence (cf. the cherubim over the mercy-seat, Exod 25:18–20).
4

καὶ ἐπέθηκαν αὐτὸ ἐπὶ τέσσαρας στύλους ἀσήπτους κατακεχρυσωμένους ἐν χρυσίῳ καὶ αἱ κεφαλίδες αὐτῶν χρυσαῖ καὶ αἱ βάσεις αὐτῶν τέσσαρες ἀργυραῖ

And they set it upon four incorruptible pillars overlaid with gold, and their capitals were golden, and their four bases were of silver.

Installation of the veil on its pillarsκαὶ ἐπέθηκαν
The veil is mounted: ἐπέθηκαν ('they set [it]') moves from fabrication to installation. The four acacia pillars, gilded with golden capitals and silver bases, follow the prescription of Exod 26:32; the gold/silver gradation (golden capitals, silver bases) reflects the descending material hierarchy of the sanctuary.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέθηκανthey set / placed uponAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (installation)→ constative aorist (completed act of mounting)ἐπιτίθημι: 'place upon / set on'; the compound ἐπι- marks superposition; renders נָתַן עַל; here the veil is hung upon its supporting pillars, the act of installing the woven panel in the tent.
αὐτὸitAccusativedirect object (the veil, neuter)→ participant referenceαὐτός: the neuter αὐτό refers back to τὸ καταπέτασμα (neuter) of v. 3.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (position)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (position).
τέσσαραςfourAccusativeattributive numeral (modifying στύλους)→ object specificationτέσσαρες: 'four'; the four pillars supporting the veil correspond to Exod 26:32.
στύλουςpillarsAccusativeobject of ἐπί (support of the veil)→ object specificationστῦλος: 'pillar / column'; renders עַמּוּד; the structural uprights from which the veil and screens hang; the term recurs throughout the chapter for the court-pillars as well.
ἀσήπτουςincorruptible (acacia)Accusativeattributive adjective (modifying στύλους)→ object specificationἄσηπτος: 'not liable to rot / incorruptible'; the LXX's regular rendering of עֲצֵי שִׁטִּים ('acacia wood'), describing the timber by its quality (rot-proof) rather than its species; the durable wood befits the permanence of the sanctuary.
κατακεχρυσωμένουςoverlaid with goldPerf Pass Ptcp Acc Pl Masc · καταχρυσόωattributive participle (modifying στύλους)→ resultative perfect (finished gilded state)καταχρυσόω: 'gild / overlay thoroughly with gold'; the intensive compound κατα- denotes complete plating; the perfect passive participle marks the finished, gilded state of the pillars; renders צִפָּה זָהָב.
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (instrumental/material)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (instrumental/material).
χρυσίῳgoldDativedative of material (with κατακεχρυσωμένους)→ sphere or referenceχρυσίον: 'gold (wrought / coined)'; diminutive in form but standard for worked gold; renders זָהָב; the material of the overlay; the redundancy 'gilded with gold' is a Hebraizing fullness of expression.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with κεφαλίδες)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλίδεςcapitalsNominativesubject ('their capitals')→ participant prominenceκεφαλίς: 'capital / head-piece (of a pillar)'; diminutive of κεφαλή; renders רֹאשׁ / וָו depending on context; the ornamental head of each pillar, here of gold.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (of the pillars)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (of the pillars).
χρυσαῖgoldenNominativepredicate adjective ('were golden')→ participant prominenceχρυσοῦς (fem. χρυσῆ): 'made of gold / golden'; the contracted adjective; the capitals' gold matches the gilded pillars, the upper register of the material hierarchy.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with βάσεις)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βάσειςbases / socketsNominativesubject ('their bases')→ participant prominenceβάσις: 'base / socket / pedestal'; renders אֶדֶן; the foundation-blocks into which the pillars are set; for the veil-pillars these are of silver, beneath golden capitals.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τέσσαρεςfourNominativeattributive numeral (modifying βάσεις)→ measure or countτέσσαρες: 'four'; one base per pillar, matching the four pillars of the veil.
ἀργυραῖof silverNominativepredicate adjective ('were of silver')→ participant prominenceἀργυροῦς (fem. ἀργυρᾶ): 'made of silver'; renders כֶּסֶף; the silver bases under the gilded pillars reflect the sanctuary's material gradation — gold above, silver at the foundation.
5

καὶ ἐποίησαν τὸ καταπέτασμα τῆς θύρας τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου ἐξ ὑακίνθου καὶ πορφύρας καὶ κοκκίνου νενησμένου καὶ βύσσου κεκλωσμένης ἔργον ὑφάντου χερουβιμ

And they made the screen of the door of the tent of witness out of blue and purple and spun scarlet and twined byssus, the work of a weaver, with cherubim.

Next made item (the door-screen of the tent of witness)καὶ ἐποίησαν
The made-item formula recurs for the entrance-screen, paralleling v. 3 almost verbatim but specifying its location: τῆς θύρας τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου ('of the door of the tent of witness'). The repetition of the fourfold material catalogue underlines the continuity of sacred fabric from veil to door.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησανthey madeAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ποιέωmain verb (construction-execution)→ constative aorist (completed fabrication)ποιέω: the made-item formula again heads the entrance-screen; the verbal parallelism with v. 3 (veil) groups the two figured textiles together.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with καταπέτασμα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταπέτασμαscreen / veilAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησαν→ object specificationκαταπέτασμα: here the entrance-screen (rendering מָסָךְ, the door-hanging), distinct from the inner veil of v. 3 though named by the same Greek word; the LXX uses καταπέτασμα for both the פָּרֹכֶת and the מָסָךְ.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with θύρας)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θύραςdoorGenitivegenitive of relationship ('of the door')→ relational specificationθύρα: 'door / entrance'; renders פֶּתַח; the screen hangs at the entrance of the tent, the threshold between the court and the holy place.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with σκηνῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtentGenitivegenitive of relationship ('of the tent')→ relational specificationσκηνή: here in the phrase σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου ('tent of witness'), the standard LXX designation of the sanctuary.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with μαρτυρίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof witness / testimonyGenitivegenitive of definition ('tent of witness')→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: 'witness / testimony'; the LXX renders אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד ('tent of meeting') by σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου ('tent of witness'), reading the consonants as עֵדוּת ('testimony') — a fixed Septuagint equivalence pointing to the tablets of the covenant housed within.
ἐξout ofpreposition + genitive (material)→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'out of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (material).
ὑακίνθουblue / hyacinthGenitivegenitive of material→ relational specificationὑάκινθος: the blue-violet dye; the first member of the fourfold sacred-textile catalogue, repeated from v. 3.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πορφύραςpurpleGenitivegenitive of material→ relational specificationπορφύρα: the murex purple; second of the sacred dyes.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κοκκίνουscarletGenitivegenitive of material→ relational specificationκόκκινος: kermes-scarlet; third of the sacred dyes.
νενησμένουspunPerf Pass Ptcp Gen Sg Neut · νήθωattributive participle (modifying κοκκίνου)→ resultative perfect (finished, spun state)νήθω: 'spin'; the perfect passive participle marks the scarlet as worked into spun yarn; cf. v. 3.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βύσσουbyssus / fine linenGenitivegenitive of material→ relational specificationβύσσος: fine white linen; the ground of the sanctuary fabric.
κεκλωσμένηςtwinedPerf Pass Ptcp Gen Sg Fem · κλώθωattributive participle (modifying βύσσου)→ resultative perfect (finished, twisted state)κλώθω: 'twist / twine'; βύσσος κεκλωσμένη, the fixed phrase for the twined linen of the sanctuary; cf. v. 3.
ἔργονworkAccusativeaccusative in apposition (defining the workmanship)→ object specificationἔργον: 'work / craftsmanship'; the phrase ἔργον ὑφάντου designates loom-figured weaving, as at v. 3.
ὑφάντουof a weaverGenitivegenitive of source/agent (with ἔργον)→ relational specificationὑφάντης: 'weaver'; the figured cherubim of the door-screen are woven on the loom, the work of the skilled designer-weaver.
χερουβιμcherubimaccusative of respect (transliterated indeclinable: 'with cherubim')→ clausal contributionχερουβιμ: transliteration of כְּרֻבִים; the cherubim woven into the entrance-screen extend the guardian-imagery from the inner veil to the tent's threshold.
6

καὶ τοὺς στύλους αὐτοῦ πέντε καὶ τοὺς κρίκους καὶ τὰς κεφαλίδας αὐτῶν καὶ τὰς ψαλίδας αὐτῶν κατεχρύσωσαν χρυσίῳ καὶ αἱ βάσεις αὐτῶν πέντε χαλκαῖ

And its five pillars and the rings and their capitals and their connecting-rods they overlaid with gold, and their five bases were of bronze.

Fittings of the door-screen (pillars, rings, capitals, rods)καὶ τοὺς στύλους
The screen's supports are detailed: five pillars (against the veil's four), their rings, capitals, and connecting-rods all gilded, but the bases of bronze, not silver — a lesser metal befitting the outer threshold. The fronted accusatives precede the verb κατεχρύσωσαν, a marked word order foregrounding the gilded items.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with στύλους)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στύλουςpillarsAccusativefronted direct object of κατεχρύσωσαν→ object specificationστῦλος: 'pillar'; the five supports of the entrance-screen, corresponding to Exod 26:37.
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive of possession (of the screen)→ relational specificationαὐτός: the genitive αὐτοῦ refers to the door-screen (τὸ καταπέτασμα, neuter) of v. 5.
πέντεfiveattributive numeral (modifying στύλους)→ measure or countπέντε: 'five'; indeclinable cardinal; the five pillars of the door, against the four of the inner veil (v. 4).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with κρίκους)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίκουςrings / claspsAccusativedirect object (coordinate with στύλους)→ object specificationκρίκος: 'ring / clasp / hook'; renders קֶרֶס / וָו; the metal rings by which the curtains are joined or hung; here gilded along with the pillars.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with κεφαλίδας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλίδαςcapitalsAccusativedirect object (coordinate)→ object specificationκεφαλίς: 'capital / pillar-head'; the ornamental heads of the screen's pillars, here gilded.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (of the pillars)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (of the pillars).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with ψαλίδας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψαλίδαςconnecting-rods / filletsAccusativedirect object (coordinate)→ object specificationψαλίς: 'arch / connecting-band / fillet'; here the metal cross-rods or bands joining the pillars (rendering חֲשׁוּקִים, the connecting-rods/fillets of Exod 27:10–11); gilded with the rest of the upper fittings.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατεχρύσωσανthey overlaid with goldAor Act Indic 3 Pl · καταχρυσόωmain verb (gilding of the fittings)→ constative aorist (completed gilding)καταχρυσόω: 'gild / overlay with gold'; the finite active aorist here (against the participle κατακεχρυσωμένους of v. 4) presents the gilding as a discrete completed act; the workmen overlaid pillars, rings, capitals, and rods with gold.
χρυσίῳwith goldDativedative of material (with κατεχρύσωσαν)→ sphere or referenceχρυσίον: 'gold'; the dative of material specifying the overlay; the fullness 'gilded with gold' is Hebraizing.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with βάσεις)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βάσειςbases / socketsNominativesubject ('their bases')→ participant prominenceβάσις: 'base / socket'; for the door-screen these are bronze, not silver — the outer threshold's lesser metal, against the silver bases of the inner veil (v. 4).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
πέντεfiveattributive numeral (modifying βάσεις)→ measure or countπέντε: 'five'; one base per pillar, matching the five pillars of the door.
χαλκαῖof bronzeNominativepredicate adjective ('were of bronze')→ participant prominenceχαλκοῦς (fem. χαλκῆ): 'made of bronze / copper'; renders נְחֹשֶׁת; the bronze bases mark the descending material hierarchy — gold for the screen's fittings, bronze at its foundation, as suits the entrance facing the court.
7

καὶ ἐποίησαν τὴν αὐλήν τὰ πρὸς λίβα ἱστία τῆς αὐλῆς ἐκ βύσσου κεκλωσμένης ἑκατὸν ἐφ᾿ ἑκατόν

And they made the court: on the south side the hangings of the court of twined byssus, a hundred by a hundred.

Transition to the court and its hangings (south side)καὶ ἐποίησαν
The made-item formula now turns from the tent to the court (αὐλή). The construction begins with the south side (τὰ πρὸς λίβα), introducing the ἱστία ('hangings') of twined byssus and their dimension ἑκατὸν ἐφ᾿ ἑκατόν ('a hundred by a hundred'). This opens the four-sided court inventory (vv. 7–14).
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησανthey madeAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ποιέωmain verb (construction-execution)→ constative aorist (completed fabrication)ποιέω: the made-item formula here introduces the court — the third major unit of the chapter after veil and door-screen.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with αὐλήν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐλήνcourtAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησαν→ object specificationαὐλή: 'court / courtyard / enclosure'; renders חָצֵר; the outer enclosure surrounding the tent; note the deliberate paronomasia with αὐλαία ('curtain') — the court (αὐλή) is bounded by hangings.
τὰthe thingsAccusativearticle (substantizing: 'the [parts] toward the south')→ noun-phrase markingthe neuter plural article τά with the prepositional phrase πρὸς λίβα forms a substantival expression, 'the [things/parts] on the south side'.
πρὸςtowardpreposition + accusative (direction/orientation)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction/orientation).
λίβαsouth / southwestAccusativeobject of πρός (cardinal orientation)→ object specificationλίψ (acc. λίβα): properly the south-west wind, used in the LXX for the south quarter; renders נֶגֶב / תֵּימָן; the first side of the court enclosure to be specified.
ἱστίαhangingsAccusativeaccusative in apposition (the made hangings of the south side)→ object specificationἱστίον: 'hanging / sail / screen'; renders קְלָעִים ('hangings of the court'); originally 'sail', the term denotes the linen screens forming the court's perimeter walls; a keyword of the court-account (vv. 7, 12, 16).
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with αὐλῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐλῆςcourtGenitivegenitive of possession ('of the court')→ relational specificationαὐλή: the genitive defines the hangings as belonging to the court enclosure.
ἐκout ofpreposition + genitive (material)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'out of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (material).
βύσσουbyssus / fine linenGenitivegenitive of material→ relational specificationβύσσος: the court hangings are of plain twined linen — without the dyes and cherubim of the inner veil — befitting the outer, less holy enclosure.
κεκλωσμένηςtwinedPerf Pass Ptcp Gen Sg Fem · κλώθωattributive participle (modifying βύσσου)→ resultative perfect (finished, twisted state)κλώθω: 'twine'; βύσσος κεκλωσμένη, the standard phrase; the court hangings share the twined-linen ground of the sanctuary but lack its figured dyes.
ἑκατὸνa hundrednumeral (measure of the south side)→ measure or countἑκατόν: 'a hundred'; indeclinable cardinal; the south side measures a hundred cubits (cf. Exod 27:9).
ἐφ᾿by / uponpreposition + accusative (dimensional 'by', elided before vowel)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί (elided ἐφ᾿ before rough breathing): here in the dimensional idiom ἑκατὸν ἐφ᾿ ἑκατόν ('a hundred by a hundred'), expressing extent.
ἑκατόνa hundrednumeral (object of ἐπί: dimensional)→ measure or countἑκατόν: the repeated 'hundred' completes the dimensional formula ἑκατὸν ἐφ᾿ ἑκατόν.
8

καὶ οἱ στῦλοι αὐτῶν εἴκοσι καὶ αἱ βάσεις αὐτῶν εἴκοσι

And their pillars were twenty, and their bases twenty.

Pillars and bases of the south sideκαὶ οἱ στῦλοι
A nominal (verbless) inventory clause giving the count of pillars and bases for the south hangings: twenty each. The terse, copula-less listing is characteristic of the court-account's ledger style (cf. Exod 27:10).
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with στῦλοι)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στῦλοιpillarsNominativesubject of verbless clause→ participant prominenceστῦλος: the upright posts of the court-perimeter from which the hangings are suspended; twenty along the south side.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (of the hangings)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (of the hangings).
εἴκοσιtwentynumeral predicate ('were twenty')→ measure or countεἴκοσι: 'twenty'; indeclinable; the count of south-side pillars (cf. Exod 27:10).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with βάσεις)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βάσειςbasesNominativesubject of verbless clause→ participant prominenceβάσις: the sockets receiving the pillars; twenty, one per pillar.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
εἴκοσιtwentynumeral predicate ('were twenty')→ measure or countεἴκοσι: matching the twenty pillars; the bronze bases of the court (cf. v. 15).
9

καὶ τὸ κλίτος τὸ πρὸς βορρᾶν ἑκατὸν ἐφ᾿ ἑκατόν καὶ οἱ στῦλοι αὐτῶν εἴκοσι καὶ αἱ βάσεις αὐτῶν εἴκοσι

And the side toward the north, a hundred by a hundred, and their pillars twenty, and their bases twenty.

The north side of the courtκαὶ τὸ κλίτος
The second side, mirroring the south exactly: a hundred by a hundred, twenty pillars, twenty bases. The repetition with κλίτος ('side') establishes the symmetrical rectangle of the court and the formulaic ledger-rhythm of the enclosure account.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with κλίτος)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλίτοςsideNominativesubject of verbless clause→ participant prominenceκλίτος: 'side / flank / quarter'; renders פֵּאָה / צֵלָע; the term for each cardinal side of the court enclosure; used for north, west, and east in vv. 9–11.
τὸtheNominativearticle (attributive, with πρὸς βορρᾶν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρὸςtowardpreposition + accusative (orientation)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (orientation).
βορρᾶνnorthAccusativeobject of πρός (cardinal orientation)→ object specificationβορρᾶς (acc. βορρᾶν): 'north / north wind'; renders צָפוֹן; the side opposite the south of v. 7, of identical dimension.
ἑκατὸνa hundrednumeral (measure of the north side)→ measure or countἑκατόν: 'a hundred'; the north side equals the south at a hundred cubits.
ἐφ᾿bypreposition + accusative (dimensional)→ spatial or relational framingἐφ᾿: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (dimensional).
ἑκατόνa hundrednumeral (dimensional 'by a hundred')→ measure or countἑκατόν: the dimensional formula repeated from v. 7.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with στῦλοι)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στῦλοιpillarsNominativesubject of verbless clause→ participant prominenceστῦλος: the north-side posts, twenty in number, matching the south.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
εἴκοσιtwentynumeral predicate→ measure or countεἴκοσι: twenty pillars on the north side.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with βάσεις)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βάσειςbasesNominativesubject of verbless clause→ participant prominenceβάσις: twenty bases for the north side, one per pillar.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
εἴκοσιtwentynumeral predicate→ measure or countεἴκοσι: matching the north pillars.
10

καὶ τὸ κλίτος τὸ πρὸς θάλασσαν αὐλαῖαι πεντήκοντα πήχεων στῦλοι αὐτῶν δέκα καὶ αἱ βάσεις αὐτῶν δέκα

And the side toward the sea, curtains of fifty cubits; their pillars ten, and their bases ten.

The west (seaward) side of the courtκαὶ τὸ κλίτος
The west side, named by the sea (θάλασσα, the Mediterranean = west in Hebrew orientation), is the shorter end at fifty cubits with ten pillars and ten bases — half the long sides. Here the screens are called αὐλαῖαι ('curtains') rather than ἱστία, the two terms used interchangeably for the court-hangings.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with κλίτος)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλίτοςsideNominativesubject of verbless clause→ participant prominenceκλίτος: 'side'; the third quarter of the court, the western end.
τὸtheNominativearticle (attributive, with πρὸς θάλασσαν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρὸςtowardpreposition + accusative (orientation)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (orientation).
θάλασσανsea / westAccusativeobject of πρός (cardinal orientation)→ object specificationθάλασσα: 'sea'; renders יָם, which in Hebrew orientation denotes the west (toward the Mediterranean); the LXX retains the literal 'sea' for the western quarter of the court.
αὐλαῖαιcurtainsNominativepredicate noun (the screens of the west side)→ participant prominenceαὐλαία: 'curtain / hanging'; here used as a synonym of ἱστία for the court-screens; the west side's curtains measure fifty cubits.
πεντήκονταfiftyattributive numeral (with πήχεων)→ measure or countπεντήκοντα: 'fifty'; indeclinable; the west side is fifty cubits, half the length of the north and south (cf. Exod 27:12).
πήχεωνcubitsGenitivegenitive of measure→ relational specificationπῆχυς: 'cubit'; the genitive of measure quantifying the fifty-cubit breadth of the western end.
στῦλοιpillarsNominativesubject of verbless clause→ participant prominenceστῦλος: the west-side posts, ten in number (half the long sides).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
δέκαtennumeral predicate→ measure or countδέκα: 'ten'; ten pillars on the shorter western side.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with βάσεις)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βάσειςbasesNominativesubject of verbless clause→ participant prominenceβάσις: ten bases for the west side, one per pillar.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
δέκαtennumeral predicate→ measure or countδέκα: matching the ten west-side pillars.
11

καὶ τὸ κλίτος τὸ πρὸς ἀνατολὰς πεντήκοντα πήχεων

And the side toward the east, fifty cubits.

The east side of the court (introducing the gate-flanks)καὶ τὸ κλίτος
The fourth side, toward the sunrise (ἀνατολαί), also fifty cubits. This is the entrance side; vv. 12–13 will subdivide it into the two flanking panels of fifteen cubits each, leaving the gap for the gate-screen. The clause is maximally terse, a single dimension.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with κλίτος)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλίτοςsideNominativesubject of verbless clause→ participant prominenceκλίτος: 'side'; the fourth and final quarter, the eastern (entrance) side.
τὸtheNominativearticle (attributive, with πρὸς ἀνατολάς)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρὸςtowardpreposition + accusative (orientation)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (orientation).
ἀνατολὰςeast / sunriseAccusativeobject of πρός (cardinal orientation)→ object specificationἀνατολή (pl. ἀνατολαί): 'rising / east'; renders קֵדְמָה / מִזְרָח; literally 'the risings (of the sun)'; the east is the entrance side of the court, facing the dawn (cf. Exod 27:13).
πεντήκονταfiftyattributive numeral (with πήχεων)→ measure or countπεντήκοντα: 'fifty'; the east side, like the west, is fifty cubits.
πήχεωνcubitsGenitivegenitive of measure→ relational specificationπῆχυς: 'cubit'; the genitive of measure for the fifty-cubit eastern breadth.
12

ἱστία πεντεκαίδεκα πήχεων τὸ κατὰ νώτου καὶ οἱ στῦλοι αὐτῶν τρεῖς καὶ αἱ βάσεις αὐτῶν τρεῖς

Hangings of fifteen cubits at the rear (the one side), and their pillars three, and their bases three.

First flanking panel of the entrance side(asyndeton: subdivision of the east side)
The east (entrance) side is subdivided. This first flank — τὸ κατὰ νώτου ('the part at the rear/shoulder') — has fifteen cubits of hangings, three pillars, three bases. With the matching flank of v. 13 (fifteen + fifteen = thirty), the remaining twenty cubits of the fifty-cubit side are left for the gate-screen (cf. v. 16; Exod 27:14–16).
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἱστίαhangingsNominativesubject of verbless clause→ participant prominenceἱστίον: 'hanging / screen'; the linen screens of the first gate-flank, fifteen cubits long.
πεντεκαίδεκαfifteenattributive numeral (with πήχεων)→ clausal contributionπεντεκαίδεκα: 'fifteen'; indeclinable; the length of each flanking panel beside the gate (cf. Exod 27:14).
πήχεωνcubitsGenitivegenitive of measure→ relational specificationπῆχυς: 'cubit'; the genitive of measure for the fifteen-cubit flank.
τὸthe (one side)Nominativesubstantizing article (with κατὰ νώτου: 'the part at the rear')→ noun-phrase markingthe neuter article τό with the prepositional phrase κατὰ νώτου identifies this as 'the [panel] on the one shoulder/rear' of the gate.
κατὰat / alongpreposition + genitive (position)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'at'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (position).
νώτουback / shoulder / rearGenitiveobject of κατά (position relative to the gate)→ relational specificationνῶτον: 'back / shoulder'; renders כָּתֵף ('shoulder / side-piece'), the architectural term for the wall-section flanking a gateway; here one of the two 'shoulders' of the court entrance.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with στῦλοι)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στῦλοιpillarsNominativesubject of verbless clause→ participant prominenceστῦλος: the posts of the first gate-flank, three in number.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τρεῖςthreeNominativenumeral predicate→ measure or countτρεῖς: 'three'; three pillars per gate-flank (cf. Exod 27:14).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with βάσεις)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βάσειςbasesNominativesubject of verbless clause→ participant prominenceβάσις: three bases for the first gate-flank, one per pillar.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τρεῖςthreeNominativenumeral predicate→ measure or countτρεῖς: matching the three pillars of the flank.
13

καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ νώτου τοῦ δευτέρου ἔνθεν καὶ ἔνθεν κατὰ τὴν πύλην τῆς αὐλῆς αὐλαῖαι πεντεκαίδεκα πήχεων καὶ οἱ στῦλοι αὐτῶν τρεῖς καὶ αἱ βάσεις αὐτῶν τρεῖς

And on the second shoulder, on this side and on that beside the gate of the court, curtains of fifteen cubits, and their pillars three, and their bases three.

Second flanking panel of the entrance sideκαὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ νώτου
The matching second flank (τὸ νῶτον τὸ δεύτερον), again fifteen cubits with three pillars and three bases. The phrase ἔνθεν καὶ ἔνθεν ('on this side and on that') frames the gate symmetrically between the two flanks; κατὰ τὴν πύλην τῆς αὐλῆς names the court-gate, whose screen follows in v. 16.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (position)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (position).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with νώτου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νώτουshoulder / rearGenitiveobject of ἐπί (the second gate-flank)→ relational specificationνῶτον: 'shoulder / side-piece'; the second of the two gate-flanks, balancing τὸ κατὰ νώτου of v. 12.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with δευτέρου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δευτέρουsecondGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying νώτου)→ relational specificationδεύτερος: 'second'; renders שֵׁנִי; distinguishes the second gate-flank from the first of v. 12, completing the symmetrical pair.
ἔνθενon this sideadverb of place (first member of correlative pair)→ clausal contributionἔνθεν: 'hence / on this side'; the correlative pair ἔνθεν καὶ ἔνθεν ('on this side and on that') renders מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה, framing the gate symmetrically between the two flanks.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining the correlative adverbs)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔνθενon that sideadverb of place (second member of correlative pair)→ clausal contributionἔνθεν: the repeated adverb completes the idiom 'on this side and on that', expressing the balanced disposition of the two flanks around the entrance.
κατὰbeside / atpreposition + accusative (position relative to the gate)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'beside'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (position relative to the gate).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with πύλην)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πύληνgateAccusativeobject of κατά (the court entrance)→ object specificationπύλη: 'gate / gateway'; renders שַׁעַר; the entrance to the court, set in the middle of the east side between the two fifteen-cubit flanks; its screen is described in v. 16.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with αὐλῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐλῆςcourtGenitivegenitive of possession ('gate of the court')→ relational specificationαὐλή: the court whose gate is here located on the eastern side.
αὐλαῖαιcurtainsNominativesubject of verbless clause→ participant prominenceαὐλαία: 'curtain / hanging'; the screens of the second gate-flank, again fifteen cubits.
πεντεκαίδεκαfifteenattributive numeral (with πήχεων)→ clausal contributionπεντεκαίδεκα: 'fifteen'; the second flank equals the first.
πήχεωνcubitsGenitivegenitive of measure→ relational specificationπῆχυς: 'cubit'; the genitive of measure for the fifteen-cubit flank.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with στῦλοι)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στῦλοιpillarsNominativesubject of verbless clause→ participant prominenceστῦλος: three posts for the second gate-flank, matching the first.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τρεῖςthreeNominativenumeral predicate→ measure or countτρεῖς: 'three'; three pillars for the second flank.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with βάσεις)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βάσειςbasesNominativesubject of verbless clause→ participant prominenceβάσις: three bases for the second flank, one per pillar.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τρεῖςthreeNominativenumeral predicate→ measure or countτρεῖς: matching the three pillars of the second flank.
14

πᾶσαι αἱ αὐλαῖαι τῆς αὐλῆς ἐκ βύσσου κεκλωσμένης

All the curtains of the court were of twined byssus.

Summary statement on the court-curtains' materialπᾶσαι αἱ αὐλαῖαι
A summarising clause closing the perimeter-inventory: all the court-curtains, on every side, share one material — twined byssus. The fronted πᾶσαι ('all') totalises the foregoing four-sided description; the verbless construction continues the ledger style.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
πᾶσαιallNominativeattributive adjective (modifying αὐλαῖαι)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all / every'; the feminine plural πᾶσαι totalises the curtains of all four sides, asserting the uniformity of their material.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with αὐλαῖαι)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐλαῖαιcurtainsNominativesubject of verbless clause→ participant prominenceαὐλαία: the court-hangings collectively; the summary gathers all the perimeter screens under one description.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with αὐλῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐλῆςcourtGenitivegenitive of possession ('of the court')→ relational specificationαὐλή: the court whose curtains are here summarised.
ἐκout ofpreposition + genitive (material)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'out of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (material).
βύσσουbyssus / fine linenGenitivegenitive of material→ relational specificationβύσσος: the plain fine linen of the whole court-perimeter, undyed and unfigured, distinguishing the court from the inner sanctuary.
κεκλωσμένηςtwinedPerf Pass Ptcp Gen Sg Fem · κλώθωattributive participle (modifying βύσσου)→ resultative perfect (finished, twisted state)κλώθω: 'twine'; βύσσος κεκλωσμένη, the twined-linen ground common to all the sanctuary fabric; here the sole material of the court-curtains.
15

καὶ αἱ βάσεις τῶν στύλων χαλκαῖ καὶ αἱ ἀγκύλαι αὐτῶν ἀργυραῖ καὶ αἱ κεφαλίδες αὐτῶν περιηργυρωμέναι ἀργυρίῳ καὶ οἱ στῦλοι περιηργυρωμένοι ἀργυρίῳ πάντες οἱ στῦλοι τῆς αὐλῆς

And the bases of the pillars were of bronze, and their hooks of silver, and their capitals plated with silver, and the pillars plated with silver — all the pillars of the court.

Metalwork of the court-pillars (material gradation)καὶ αἱ βάσεις
The metal fittings of the whole court are itemised in a graded series: bronze at the foot (bases), silver above (hooks, plated capitals, plated pillars). The repeated περιηργυρωμέν- ('plated with silver') and the closing totaliser πάντες οἱ στῦλοι τῆς αὐλῆς ('all the pillars of the court') generalise the description to every post.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with βάσεις)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βάσειςbasesNominativesubject of verbless clause→ participant prominenceβάσις: the sockets of all the court-pillars, here specified as bronze — the base metal at the foundation of the enclosure.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with στύλων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στύλωνpillarsGenitivegenitive of possession ('bases of the pillars')→ relational specificationστῦλος: the court-posts whose bases are bronze; the genitive defines the bases by the pillars they support.
χαλκαῖof bronzeNominativepredicate adjective ('were of bronze')→ participant prominenceχαλκοῦς (fem. χαλκῆ): 'of bronze'; renders נְחֹשֶׁת; bronze is the metal of the court, the outermost and least holy zone of the sanctuary's graded materials.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with ἀγκύλαι)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγκύλαιhooks / loopsNominativesubject of verbless clause→ participant prominenceἀγκύλη: 'loop / hook / fastening'; renders וָו ('hook') or לֻלָאֹת ('loops'); the silver fittings by which the hangings are attached to the pillars; of silver, the middle metal.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (of the pillars)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (of the pillars).
ἀργυραῖof silverNominativepredicate adjective ('were of silver')→ participant prominenceἀργυροῦς (fem. ἀργυρᾶ): 'of silver'; the hooks are silver, above the bronze bases in the material hierarchy.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with κεφαλίδες)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλίδεςcapitalsNominativesubject of verbless clause→ participant prominenceκεφαλίς: the heads of the court-pillars, plated with silver.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
περιηργυρωμέναιplated with silverPerf Pass Ptcp Nom Pl Fem · περιαργυρόωpredicate participle ('were silver-plated')→ resultative perfect (finished silver-plated state)περιαργυρόω: 'overlay / plate (all) round with silver'; the compound περι- denotes complete encasing; the perfect passive participle marks the finished silvered state; the silver counterpart of καταχρυσόω (gold-plating) used for the inner sanctuary fittings.
ἀργυρίῳwith silverDativedative of material (with περιηργυρωμέναι)→ sphere or referenceἀργύριον: 'silver'; the dative of material; the fullness 'plated with silver' parallels the gold idiom of v. 4 (κατακεχρυσωμένους ἐν χρυσίῳ).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with στῦλοι)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στῦλοιpillarsNominativesubject of verbless clause→ participant prominenceστῦλος: the court-posts themselves, plated with silver along their shafts.
περιηργυρωμένοιplated with silverPerf Pass Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · περιαργυρόωpredicate participle ('were silver-plated')→ resultative perfect (finished silver-plated state)περιαργυρόω: here in the masculine plural agreeing with στῦλοι; the pillars too are encased in silver, completing the silver register above their bronze bases.
ἀργυρίῳwith silverDativedative of material→ sphere or referenceἀργύριον: 'silver'; repeated for the pillars; the doubled ἀργυρίῳ underscores the silver-plating of both capitals and shafts.
πάντεςallNominativeattributive adjective (with οἱ στῦλοι: totalising)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; the masculine plural πάντες generalises the silver-plating to every post of the court, a closing totaliser.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with στῦλοι)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στῦλοιpillarsNominativesubject (summary apposition)→ participant prominenceστῦλος: the closing phrase πάντες οἱ στῦλοι τῆς αὐλῆς ('all the pillars of the court') sums up the entire metalwork description.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with αὐλῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐλῆςcourtGenitivegenitive of possession ('of the court')→ relational specificationαὐλή: the court whose pillars are here totalised.
16

καὶ τὸ καταπέτασμα τῆς πύλης τῆς αὐλῆς ἔργον ποικιλτοῦ ἐξ ὑακίνθου καὶ πορφύρας καὶ κοκκίνου νενησμένου καὶ βύσσου κεκλωσμένης εἴκοσι πήχεων τὸ μῆκος καὶ τὸ ὕψος καὶ τὸ εὖρος πέντε πήχεων ἐξισούμενον τοῖς ἱστίοις τῆς αὐλῆς

And the screen of the gate of the court was the work of an embroiderer, of blue and purple and spun scarlet and twined byssus, twenty cubits in length, and the height — the breadth — five cubits, made equal to the hangings of the court.

The screen of the court-gate (embroiderer's work)καὶ τὸ καταπέτασμα
The gate-screen closing the eastern entrance is described: it is ἔργον ποικιλτοῦ ('embroiderer's work', not the loom-figured ἔργον ὑφάντου of the inner veil), of the full fourfold sacred fabric, twenty cubits long and five high, sized to match the court hangings. The distinction ποικιλτής (embroiderer) vs. ὑφάντης (weaver) marks a grade of craft befitting the outer gate.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with καταπέτασμα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταπέτασμαscreenNominativesubject of verbless clause→ participant prominenceκαταπέτασμα: here the gate-screen of the court (rendering מָסָךְ שַׁעַר הֶחָצֵר); the third καταπέτασμα of the chapter, after the inner veil (v. 3) and the tent-door screen (v. 5).
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with πύλης)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πύληςgateGenitivegenitive of relationship ('of the gate')→ relational specificationπύλη: the court-entrance gate (cf. v. 13); its screen hangs in the twenty-cubit gap between the two fifteen-cubit flanks of the east side.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with αὐλῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐλῆςcourtGenitivegenitive of possession ('gate of the court')→ relational specificationαὐλή: the court whose gate this screen closes.
ἔργονworkNominativepredicate noun (defining the workmanship)→ participant prominenceἔργον: 'work / craftsmanship'; ἔργον ποικιλτοῦ ('embroiderer's work') contrasts with ἔργον ὑφάντου ('weaver's work') of the inner veil — the gate-screen is needle-embroidered, not loom-figured with cherubim.
ποικιλτοῦof an embroidererGenitivegenitive of source/agent (with ἔργον)→ relational specificationποικιλτής: 'embroiderer / variegator'; renders רֹקֵם (the needle-worker), distinct from חֹשֵׁב (the designer-weaver, ὑφάντης); the gate-screen's embroidery is a lesser grade of figured craft, lacking cherubim.
ἐξout ofpreposition + genitive (material)→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'out of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (material).
ὑακίνθουblueGenitivegenitive of material→ relational specificationὑάκινθος: the blue dye; the gate-screen, unlike the plain court-hangings, uses the full fourfold sacred fabric.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πορφύραςpurpleGenitivegenitive of material→ relational specificationπορφύρα: the murex purple; second of the sacred dyes.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κοκκίνουscarletGenitivegenitive of material→ relational specificationκόκκινος: kermes-scarlet; third of the sacred dyes.
νενησμένουspunPerf Pass Ptcp Gen Sg Neut · νήθωattributive participle (modifying κοκκίνου)→ resultative perfect (finished, spun state)νήθω: 'spin'; the perfect passive participle marks the scarlet as spun yarn; cf. vv. 3, 5.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βύσσουbyssusGenitivegenitive of material→ relational specificationβύσσος: fine linen; the ground of the gate-screen's embroidery.
κεκλωσμένηςtwinedPerf Pass Ptcp Gen Sg Fem · κλώθωattributive participle (modifying βύσσου)→ resultative perfect (finished, twisted state)κλώθω: 'twine'; βύσσος κεκλωσμένη completing the fourfold fabric of the gate-screen.
εἴκοσιtwentyattributive numeral (with πήχεων)→ measure or countεἴκοσι: 'twenty'; the gate-screen's length of twenty cubits exactly fills the gap left by the two fifteen-cubit flanks (15+20+15 = 50 = the east side).
πήχεωνcubitsGenitivegenitive of measure (with μῆκος)→ relational specificationπῆχυς: 'cubit'; the genitive of measure for the screen's length.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with μῆκος)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μῆκοςlengthNominativeaccusative/nominative of respect ('in length')→ participant prominenceμῆκος: 'length'; the twenty-cubit dimension of the gate-screen along the east side.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with ὕψος)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὕψοςheightNominativerespect ('in height')→ participant prominenceὕψος: 'height'; renders קוֹמָה; the vertical dimension of the screen, here equated with its εὖρος (breadth) at five cubits — the height of the whole court enclosure (cf. Exod 27:18).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with εὖρος)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὖροςbreadthNominativerespect ('in breadth')→ participant prominenceεὖρος: 'breadth'; here in apposition with ὕψος, the two terms together giving the five-cubit vertical measure of the screen.
πέντεfiveattributive numeral (with πήχεων)→ measure or countπέντε: 'five'; the five-cubit height/breadth, the standard height of the court-screen, matching the perimeter hangings.
πήχεωνcubitsGenitivegenitive of measure→ relational specificationπῆχυς: 'cubit'; the genitive of measure for the five-cubit height.
ἐξισούμενονbeing made equalPres Pass Ptcp Nom Sg Neut · ἐξισόωattributive participle (modifying καταπέτασμα)→ descriptive present (state of correspondence)ἐξισόω: 'make equal / match'; the passive participle ἐξισούμενον ('being equalised') notes that the gate-screen's height was made equal to the court-hangings, so that the entrance blended seamlessly into the perimeter wall; a detail of exact proportion.
τοῖςto theDativearticle (with ἱστίοις)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱστίοιςhangingsDativedative of comparison/correspondence (with ἐξισούμενον)→ sphere or referenceἱστίον: 'hanging'; the court-screens to which the gate-screen's dimensions are matched; the dative completes the 'made equal to' construction.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with αὐλῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐλῆςcourtGenitivegenitive of possession ('hangings of the court')→ relational specificationαὐλή: the court whose hangings set the standard dimension for the gate-screen.
17

καὶ οἱ στῦλοι αὐτῶν τέσσαρες καὶ αἱ βάσεις αὐτῶν τέσσαρες χαλκαῖ καὶ αἱ ἀγκύλαι αὐτῶν ἀργυραῖ καὶ αἱ κεφαλίδες αὐτῶν περιηργυρωμέναι ἀργυρίῳ

And their pillars were four, and their bases four of bronze, and their hooks of silver, and their capitals plated with silver.

Fittings of the gate-screen (pillars, bases, hooks, capitals)καὶ οἱ στῦλοι
The gate-screen's own supports, paralleling the court-pillar metalwork of v. 15: four pillars, four bronze bases, silver hooks, silver-plated capitals. The fourfold count distinguishes the gate-frame from the three-pillar flanks (vv. 12–13).
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with στῦλοι)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στῦλοιpillarsNominativesubject of verbless clause→ participant prominenceστῦλος: the four posts of the gate-screen (cf. Exod 27:16).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (of the gate-screen/hangings)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (of the gate-screen/hangings).
τέσσαρεςfourNominativenumeral predicate→ measure or countτέσσαρες: 'four'; four pillars for the gate-screen, more than the three per flank.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with βάσεις)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βάσειςbasesNominativesubject of verbless clause→ participant prominenceβάσις: the four bases of the gate-pillars, of bronze like the rest of the court.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τέσσαρεςfourNominativenumeral predicate→ measure or countτέσσαρες: matching the four gate-pillars.
χαλκαῖof bronzeNominativepredicate adjective ('were of bronze')→ participant prominenceχαλκοῦς (fem. χαλκῆ): 'of bronze'; the gate-bases share the bronze of the whole court-foundation.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with ἀγκύλαι)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγκύλαιhooks / loopsNominativesubject of verbless clause→ participant prominenceἀγκύλη: 'loop / hook'; the silver fittings of the gate-screen, as on the court-pillars (v. 15).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἀργυραῖof silverNominativepredicate adjective ('were of silver')→ participant prominenceἀργυροῦς (fem. ἀργυρᾶ): 'of silver'; the hooks are silver, above the bronze bases.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with κεφαλίδες)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλίδεςcapitalsNominativesubject of verbless clause→ participant prominenceκεφαλίς: the heads of the gate-pillars, plated with silver.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
περιηργυρωμέναιplated with silverPerf Pass Ptcp Nom Pl Fem · περιαργυρόωpredicate participle ('were silver-plated')→ resultative perfect (finished silver-plated state)περιαργυρόω: 'plate round with silver'; the perfect passive participle, as at v. 15; the gate-capitals share the court's silver register.
ἀργυρίῳwith silverDativedative of material (with περιηργυρωμέναι)→ sphere or referenceἀργύριον: 'silver'; the dative of material completing the silver-plating idiom.
18

καὶ αὐτοὶ περιηργυρωμένοι ἀργυρίῳ καὶ πάντες οἱ πάσσαλοι τῆς αὐλῆς κύκλῳ χαλκοῖ

And they themselves were plated with silver, and all the pegs of the court round about were of bronze.

Closing detail of the court metalwork (pillars and pegs)καὶ αὐτοὶ
A final note on the metalwork: the gate-pillars themselves (αὐτοί) are silver-plated, but all the tent-pegs (πάσσαλοι) around the court are of bronze. The contrast silver-plated uprights / bronze pegs completes the material gradation and ends the court-construction proper before the colophon (vv. 19–21).
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτοὶthey themselvesNominativesubject (intensive: the gate-pillars themselves)→ participant prominenceαὐτός: the intensive nominative αὐτοί refers to the gate-pillars (στῦλοι) of v. 17, emphasising that their shafts too, not only the capitals, were silver-plated.
περιηργυρωμένοιplated with silverPerf Pass Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · περιαργυρόωpredicate participle ('were silver-plated')→ resultative perfect (finished silver-plated state)περιαργυρόω: 'plate round with silver'; the masculine plural agreeing with αὐτοί (the pillars); the silver-plating of the gate-uprights matches the court-pillars of v. 15.
ἀργυρίῳwith silverDativedative of material→ sphere or referenceἀργύριον: 'silver'; the dative of material.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάντεςallNominativeattributive adjective (with πάσσαλοι)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; the masculine plural πάντες totalises the pegs of the whole court-perimeter.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with πάσσαλοι)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πάσσαλοιpegs / pinsNominativesubject of verbless clause→ participant prominenceπάσσαλος: 'peg / pin / stake'; renders יָתֵד; the tent-pegs anchoring the court-hangings and pillars to the ground; of bronze, the court's base metal (cf. Exod 27:19; 38:20).
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with αὐλῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐλῆςcourtGenitivegenitive of possession ('pegs of the court')→ relational specificationαὐλή: the court whose pegs are here described.
κύκλῳround aboutadverb (dative used adverbially: 'all around')→ clausal contributionκύκλῳ: 'in a circle / round about'; the dative of κύκλος used adverbially; renders סָבִיב; the pegs encircle the whole court-perimeter.
χαλκοῖof bronzeNominativepredicate adjective ('were of bronze')→ participant prominenceχαλκοῦς (masc. pl. χαλκοῖ): 'of bronze'; the pegs are bronze, the court's foundational metal, closing the metalwork inventory with the same base material as the bases (v. 15).
19

καὶ αὕτη ἡ σύνταξις τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου καθὰ συνετάγη Μωυσῇ τὴν λειτουργίαν εἶναι τῶν Λευιτῶν διὰ Ιθαμαρ τοῦ υἱοῦ Ααρων τοῦ ἱερέως

And this is the ordering of the tent of witness, just as it was commanded to Moses — that the service of the Levites should be carried out through Ithamar, the son of Aaron the priest.

Colophon: summary subscription of the tent-accountκαὶ αὕτη ἡ σύνταξις
The colophon opens with the deictic summary αὕτη ἡ σύνταξις ('this is the ordering'), drawing a line under the whole textile-and-court inventory. It grounds the work in the divine command to Moses (καθὰ συνετάγη) and assigns its administration to the Levitical service under Ithamar son of Aaron — linking the craftsmanship to the liturgical economy of the sanctuary.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὕτηthisNominativedemonstrative subject (summary deixis)→ participant referenceοὗτος (fem. αὕτη): 'this'; the summarising demonstrative αὕτη ἡ σύνταξις ('this is the ordering') is a colophon-formula closing a construction-unit (cf. the recapitulating subscriptions of Exod 38–39).
theNominativearticle (with σύνταξις)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σύνταξιςordering / arrangementNominativepredicate noun ('the ordering')→ participant prominenceσύνταξις: 'arrangement / ordering / muster'; cognate with συντάσσω ('command / arrange'); the noun sums up the orderly disposition of the whole tent-and-court complex; its repetition with the verbs συνετάγη / συνέταξεν (vv. 19–20) creates a root-play on the theme of ordered obedience.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with σκηνῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtentGenitivegenitive of relationship ('of the tent')→ relational specificationσκηνή: the sanctuary-tent; the genitive defines the σύνταξις as that of the whole 'tent of witness'.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with μαρτυρίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof witnessGenitivegenitive of definition ('tent of witness')→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: 'witness / testimony'; σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου, the fixed LXX title for the sanctuary (cf. v. 5).
καθὰjust ascomparative conjunction (introducing command-clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθά: 'just as / according as'; renders כַּאֲשֶׁר; introduces the formula of conformity to the divine command, recurring at v. 20 (καθὰ συνέταξεν κύριος).
συνετάγηit was commanded / orderedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · συντάσσωverb of comparative clause (divine command)→ constative aorist passive (completed divine ordering)συντάσσω: 'arrange / command / appoint'; the aorist passive συνετάγη ('it was ordered') with Μωυσῇ as dative of person — 'as was commanded to Moses' — is the standard execution-formula confirming that the work conforms to the divine prescription; cognate with σύνταξις above.
Μωυσῇto MosesDativedative of person (recipient of the command)→ sphere or referenceΜωυσῆς (dat. Μωυσῇ): transliteration of מֹשֶׁה; the dative marks Moses as the one to whom the command was given, the mediator of the sanctuary instructions.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with λειτουργίαν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λειτουργίανservice / ministryAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitive εἶναι→ object specificationλειτουργία: 'service / public ministration'; renders עֲבֹדָה; the cultic service of the sanctuary; the accusative-with-infinitive (τὴν λειτουργίαν εἶναι) expresses the content of the command — that the Levitical service be administered through Ithamar.
εἶναιto bePres Act Inf · εἰμίinfinitive of indirect command/purpose (with τὴν λειτουργίαν)→ infinitive expressing the content of the orderingεἰμί: 'be'; the present infinitive εἶναι in the accusative-and-infinitive construction states what was commanded — that the service of the Levites should be (carried out) through Ithamar.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with Λευιτῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Λευιτῶνof the LevitesGenitivegenitive of possession ('the service of the Levites')→ relational specificationΛευίτης: 'Levite'; renders לֵוִי; the tribe set apart for sanctuary service; the genitive defines the λειτουργία as theirs, administered under priestly oversight.
διὰthroughpreposition + genitive (agency/mediation)→ spatial or relational framingδιά + genitive: 'through / by the agency of'; marks Ithamar as the supervising mediator of the Levitical service.
ΙθαμαρIthamargenitive object of διά (transliterated indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΙθαμαρ: transliteration of Hebrew אִיתָמָר; indeclinable in the LXX; the youngest son of Aaron, given oversight of the Levitical service-records and the tabernacle's logistics (cf. Num 4:28, 33).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with υἱοῦ)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῦsonGenitivegenitive in apposition to Ιθαμαρ ('the son')→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; renders בֵּן; identifies Ithamar by his descent from Aaron, grounding his authority in the priestly line.
ΑαρωνAarongenitive of relationship (transliterated indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΑαρων: transliteration of Hebrew אַהֲרֹן; indeclinable in the LXX; the high priest, Moses' brother and father of Ithamar.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with ἱερέως)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερέωςpriestGenitivegenitive in apposition to Ααρων ('the priest')→ relational specificationἱερεύς: 'priest'; renders כֹּהֵן; the title identifies Aaron in his priestly office, the head of the cultic hierarchy under which the Levites serve.
20

καὶ Βεσελεηλ ὁ τοῦ Ουριου ἐκ φυλῆς Ιουδα ἐποίησεν καθὰ συνέταξεν κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ

And Bezalel the son of Uri, of the tribe of Judah, made it just as the LORD had commanded Moses.

Colophon: the chief craftsman Bezalel of Judahκαὶ Βεσελεηλ
The first of the two master-craftsmen is named with full pedigree — Bezalel son of Uri of the tribe of Judah — and his work is sealed with the conformity-formula καθὰ συνέταξεν κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ ('as the LORD commanded Moses'), echoing v. 19. Bezalel, the Spirit-filled artisan of Exod 31:2–5, is the executor of the whole sanctuary.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΒεσελεηλBezalelsubject (transliterated indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΒεσελεηλ: transliteration of Hebrew בְּצַלְאֵל ('in the shadow of God'); indeclinable in the LXX; the chief artisan of the tabernacle, divinely endowed with the spirit of wisdom and craft (Exod 31:2–5; 35:30–35).
the (one)Nominativearticle (substantizing the patronymic: 'the [son] of Uri')→ noun-phrase markingthe article ὁ with the genitive τοῦ Ουριου forms the Greek patronymic idiom 'the (son) of Uri', a standard way of expressing filiation.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with Ουριου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Ουριουof UriGenitivegenitive of relationship (transliterated name, patronymic)→ participant identificationΟυρι (gen. Ουριου): transliteration of Hebrew אוּרִי ('my light'); Bezalel's father, son of Hur; here in the genitive of the patronymic construction.
ἐκfrom / ofpreposition + genitive (tribal origin)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (tribal origin).
φυλῆςtribeGenitiveobject of ἐκ ('of the tribe')→ relational specificationφυλή: 'tribe / clan'; renders מַטֶּה / שֵׁבֶט; locates Bezalel within the tribe of Judah, the royal tribe.
Ιουδαof Judahgenitive of definition (transliterated indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliteration of Hebrew יְהוּדָה; indeclinable in the LXX; the tribe of Judah, from which the chief craftsman comes — a fitting royal-messianic pairing with the Danite Eliab of v. 21.
ἐποίησενmadeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (Bezalel's execution of the work)→ constative aorist (completed accomplishment)ποιέω: 'make / do'; the singular ἐποίησεν now names the individual master behind the plural ἐποίησαν of the construction account; Bezalel is the responsible executor of all the LORD commanded.
καθὰjust ascomparative conjunction (conformity-formula)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθά: 'just as'; introduces the conformity-formula sealing the work as obedient to the divine command (cf. v. 19).
συνέταξενcommanded / orderedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συντάσσωverb of comparative clause (divine command)→ constative aorist (completed act of commanding)συντάσσω: 'command / arrange / appoint'; the active συνέταξεν (with κύριος as subject) balances the passive συνετάγη of v. 19; the work matches exactly what the LORD ordered Moses — the leitmotif of the construction account.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of συνέταξεν→ participant prominenceκύριος: the standard LXX rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the divine commander whose order Bezalel's work fulfils; the nominative marks YHWH as the ultimate author of the sanctuary's design.
τῷtheDativearticle (with Μωυσῇ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Μωυσῇto MosesDativedative of person (recipient of the command)→ sphere or referenceΜωυσῆς (dat. Μωυσῇ): the dative marks Moses as the recipient of the LORD's command; the work conforms to the instruction given through him.
21

καὶ Ελιαβ ὁ τοῦ Αχισαμακ ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Δαν ὃς ἠρχιτεκτόνησεν τὰ ὑφαντὰ καὶ τὰ ῥαφιδευτὰ καὶ ποικιλτικὰ ὑφᾶναι τῷ κοκκίνῳ καὶ τῇ βύσσῳ

And Eliab the son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan, who was chief-craftsman of the woven works and the needle-works and the embroidered works, to weave with the scarlet and the byssus.

Colophon: the chief craftsman Eliab (Oholiab) of Danκαὶ Ελιαβ
The second master-craftsman, Eliab (the Oholiab of Exod 31:6), son of Ahisamach of the tribe of Dan, is named as the chief-artificer (ὃς ἠρχιτεκτόνησεν) of the textile crafts — woven, needle-worked, and embroidered. The chapter ends fittingly on the very crafts it has narrated, with the infinitive ὑφᾶναι ('to weave') and the materials scarlet and byssus, closing the textile-account on its keynote skills.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΕλιαβEliabsubject (transliterated indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΕλιαβ: the LXX-Exodus form of the name the MT gives as אָהֳלִיאָב (Oholiab); transliterated and indeclinable; the Danite craftsman appointed alongside Bezalel (Exod 31:6; 35:34) as co-master of the sanctuary work.
the (one)Nominativearticle (substantizing the patronymic: 'the [son] of Ahisamach')→ noun-phrase markingthe article ὁ with the genitive τοῦ Αχισαμακ forms the patronymic idiom 'the (son) of Ahisamach'.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with Αχισαμακ)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Αχισαμακof Ahisamachgenitive of relationship (transliterated indeclinable name, patronymic)→ participant identificationΑχισαμακ: transliteration of Hebrew אֲחִיסָמָךְ ('my brother has supported'); indeclinable in the LXX; Eliab's father; here in the patronymic construction with the genitive article τοῦ.
ἐκfrom / ofpreposition + genitive (tribal origin)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (tribal origin).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with φυλῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλῆςtribeGenitiveobject of ἐκ ('of the tribe')→ relational specificationφυλή: 'tribe'; locates Eliab within the tribe of Dan, balancing the Judahite Bezalel of v. 20 — the two craftsmen drawn from a leading and a humbler tribe.
Δανof Dangenitive of definition (transliterated indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΔαν: transliteration of Hebrew דָּן; indeclinable in the LXX; the tribe of Dan, traditionally associated with craftsmanship; its pairing with Judah unites the tribes in the sanctuary's making.
ὃςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἠρχιτεκτόνησεν)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun introducing the descriptive clause that defines Eliab's role as chief-craftsman of the textile work.
ἠρχιτεκτόνησενwas chief-craftsman / directed the workAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀρχιτεκτονέωverb of relative clause (Eliab's master-craftsmanship)→ constative aorist (the office discharged over the whole work)ἀρχιτεκτονέω: 'be master-builder / chief-craftsman / direct the work'; from ἀρχιτέκτων ('master-builder', whence English 'architect'); a rare and striking verb, here describing Eliab's superintendence of all the textile crafts; the LXX renders the Hebrew sense of the skilled overseer (cf. חֹשֵׁב, the designer).
τὰtheAccusativearticle (substantizing ὑφαντά)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑφαντὰwoven worksAccusativedirect object (substantival neuter plural: 'the woven things')→ object specificationὑφαντός: 'woven'; the verbal adjective substantivized (τὰ ὑφαντά, 'the woven works'); the loom-figured fabrics, the work of the ὑφάντης (cf. vv. 3, 5); the first of the three textile-craft categories.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (substantizing ῥαφιδευτά)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥαφιδευτὰneedle-worksAccusativedirect object (substantival neuter plural)→ object specificationῥαφιδευτός: 'needle-worked / stitched'; from ῥαφίς ('needle'); the substantivized τὰ ῥαφιδευτά ('the needle-works') denotes work done with the needle, the second textile-craft category, distinct from loom-weaving and from variegated embroidery.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποικιλτικὰembroidered / variegated worksAccusativedirect object (substantival neuter plural)→ object specificationποικιλτικός: 'pertaining to variegating / embroidered'; cognate with ποικιλτής ('embroiderer', cf. v. 16); the substantivized τὰ ποικιλτικά ('the embroidered works') is the third craft-category, the multicolored needle-embroidery.
ὑφᾶναιto weaveAor Act Inf · ὑφαίνωepexegetical infinitive (defining the chief-craftsmanship)→ aorist infinitive of purpose/respect (the act of weaving)ὑφαίνω: 'weave'; renders אָרַג; the aorist infinitive ὑφᾶναι ('to weave') specifies the master-craft Eliab directed — working the scarlet and byssus into the sanctuary fabric; the chapter thus ends on its defining verb of textile-craft.
τῷtheDativearticle (with κοκκίνῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κοκκίνῳscarletDativedative of material/instrument (with ὑφᾶναι)→ sphere or referenceκόκκινος: 'scarlet'; here the substantivized dative τῷ κοκκίνῳ ('with the scarlet'), the material woven; the scarlet dye named among the sacred textiles throughout the chapter.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῇtheDativearticle (with βύσσῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βύσσῳbyssus / fine linenDativedative of material/instrument (with ὑφᾶναι)→ sphere or referenceβύσσος: 'byssus / fine linen'; the dative τῇ βύσσῳ ('with the byssus'); the chapter's last word is the fine linen that has been its constant material — a fitting close to the textile-construction account.