Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Exodus, Chapter 38ΕΞΟΔΟΣ ΛΗ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Exodus 38 in the LXX belongs to the second tabernacle account — the 'execution' or construction narrative (chs.

Translation & textual notes

The Greek text of Exodus 38 follows the standard critical text of the Septuagint as established in the Rahlfs–Hanhart edition (Septuaginta, rev. ed. 2006), an ancient and public-domain text; the critical apparatus is not reproduced. Exodus 38 in the LXX belongs to the second tabernacle account — the 'execution' or construction narrative (chs. 35–40) — whose order and contents diverge markedly from the Masoretic Text and even from the Old Greek's own first, 'command' account in chs. 25–31. In the LXX's reckoning this chapter narrates the making of the sacred FURNITURE, the material the MT distributes mainly across its chapter 37: the ark (κιβωτός) of acacia overlaid with pure gold and its mercy-seat (ἱλαστήριον) crowned with the two cherubim (χερουβιμ); the table of the Presence (ἡ τράπεζα ἡ προκειμένη) and its golden vessels; the lampstand (λυχνία) with its branches (καλαμίσκοι), buds, calyxes (ἐνθέμια), and seven lamps; then a stretch of metalwork — the silvering and gilding of pillars, the casting of rings, hooks (ἀγκύλαι), bars, capitals, and bronze pegs; the bronze altar of burnt offering (θυσιαστήριον), cast 'from the bronze censers of the men who rebelled with the congregation of Korah' (ἐκ τῶν πυρείων τῶν χαλκῶν … μετὰ τῆς Κορε συναγωγῆς, v. 22 — a striking LXX plus absent from the MT); the holy anointing oil and the compounded incense, 'the work of a perfumer' (ἔργον μυρεψοῦ); and finally the bronze laver (λουτήρ) and its base, made 'from the mirrors of the women who fasted (ἐκ τῶν κατόπτρων τῶν νηστευσασῶν) at the door of the tent of witness.' Throughout, the craftsman Βεσελεηλ (Bezalel) is the controlling subject — named at v. 1 (καὶ ἐποίησεν Βεσελεηλ τὴν κιβωτόν) and thereafter resumed by the emphatic anaphoric οὗτος ('this man') that opens vv. 18–26 — and the execution vocabulary is dense and technical: ἐποίησεν ('made'), κατεχρύσωσεν / ἐχρύσωσεν ('overlaid with gold'), ἐχώνευσεν ('cast/founded'), περιηργύρωσεν ('overlaid with silver'). The chapter reads as an inventory of obedient craftsmanship, closing (v. 27) on the note that all was done καθάπερ συνέταξεν κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ ('just as the LORD had instructed Moses').

1

καὶ ἐποίησεν Βεσελεηλ τὴν κιβωτὸν

And Bezalel made the ark.

Opening of the construction account (main narrative line)καὶ ἐποίησεν Βεσελεηλ
The chapter opens the LXX furniture inventory with the bare formula καὶ ἐποίησεν Βεσελεηλ τὴν κιβωτόν, naming the craftsman as the controlling subject of all that follows. The verb ἐποίησεν recurs as the structural refrain of the chapter (vv. 1, 5, 9, 13, 18b, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27), each occurrence introducing a new made object.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (Hebraizing καί-parataxis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: the standard LXX paratactic connective rendering Hebrew וְ; here it opens the construction narrative, chaining each act of making to the next without subordination.
ἐποίησενmadeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (execution refrain)→ constative/summary aorist (a completed act of fabrication)ποιέω: 'make / do / fashion'; renders Hebrew עָשָׂה; the leading execution verb of the second tabernacle account, it functions here as a structural refrain, each occurrence heading a new item of furniture; the aorist summarizes the whole accomplished work.
ΒεσελεηλBezalelsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΒεσελεηλ: transliteration of Hebrew בְּצַלְאֵל ('in the shadow of God'); indeclinable in the LXX; the Spirit-filled master craftsman of Judah (Exod 31:2; 35:30), named here as the agent of the entire furniture-making and resumed by the anaphoric οὗτος in vv. 18–26.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with κιβωτόν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κιβωτὸνarkAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησεν→ object specificationκιβωτός: 'chest / ark'; renders Hebrew אֲרוֹן; the same noun the LXX uses for Noah's ark (Gen 6:14), here the ark of the covenant — the first and holiest item of the sanctuary furniture, fittingly made first.
2

καὶ κατεχρύσωσεν αὐτὴν χρυσίῳ καθαρῷ ἔσωθεν καὶ ἔξωθεν

And he overlaid it with pure gold within and without.

Continuation: gilding of the arkκαὶ κατεχρύσωσεν
The second step in the ark's fabrication: its gilding. The compound κατεχρύσωσεν ('gild thoroughly / overlay with gold') and the merism ἔσωθεν καὶ ἔξωθεν ('within and without') stress the total enclosure of the ark in pure gold.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατεχρύσωσενhe overlaid with goldAor Act Indic 3 Sg · καταχρυσόωmain verb (gilding of the ark)→ constative aorist (completed overlaying)καταχρυσόω: 'gild thoroughly / overlay completely with gold'; the perfective prefix κατα- intensifies χρυσόω, marking the ark's total encasing in gold; renders Hebrew צִפָּה זָהָב ('overlay with gold').
αὐτὴνitAccusativedirect object (resuming κιβωτόν, fem.)→ participant referenceαὐτός: personal/anaphoric pronoun; the feminine αὐτήν agrees with κιβωτός (fem.) and resumes the ark of v. 1 as the object gilded.
χρυσίῳwith goldDativedative of material/instrument→ sphere or referenceχρυσίον: 'gold (as material/wrought metal)'; diminutive in form but used for refined gold; the dative of material specifies the substance of the overlay; renders Hebrew זָהָב.
καθαρῷpureDativeattributive adjective (modifying χρυσίῳ)→ sphere or referenceκαθαρός: 'pure / clean'; renders Hebrew טָהוֹר; 'pure gold' (χρυσίον καθαρόν) is the refined, unalloyed gold prescribed for the holiest furniture (cf. 25:11).
ἔσωθενwithinadverb of place (interior)→ clausal contributionἔσωθεν: 'from within / inside'; paired with ἔξωθεν it forms a merism for total coverage; renders Hebrew מִבַּיִת.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔξωθενwithoutadverb of place (exterior, coordinate with ἔσωθεν)→ clausal contributionἔξωθεν: 'from without / outside'; renders Hebrew מִחוּץ; the pair ἔσωθεν καὶ ἔξωθεν conveys that no surface of the ark was left ungilded.
3

καὶ ἐχώνευσεν αὐτῇ τέσσαρας δακτυλίους χρυσοῦς δύο ἐπὶ τὸ κλίτος τὸ ἓν καὶ δύο ἐπὶ τὸ κλίτος τὸ δεύτερον

And he cast for it four gold rings, two on the one side and two on the second side.

Continuation: casting of the ark's ringsκαὶ ἐχώνευσεν
The third step: the casting (ἐχώνευσεν) of four gold rings, distributed two-and-two on the ark's two sides (κλίτη). The distributive δύο … δύο and the pairing ἓν … δεύτερον describe the symmetrical placement that anchors the carrying-poles of v. 4.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐχώνευσενhe castAor Act Indic 3 Sg · χωνεύωmain verb (metal-casting of the rings)→ constative aorist (completed casting)χωνεύω: 'cast / found / smelt (metal)'; from χώνη ('crucible'); the technical verb for forming metal objects by pouring molten metal into a mold; renders Hebrew יָצַק; recurs at vv. 10, 18, 20.
αὐτῇfor itDativedative of advantage/reference (the ark)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: the feminine dative αὐτῇ ('for it') refers to the ark (κιβωτός, fem.), the beneficiary of the rings.
τέσσαραςfourAccusativenumeral (modifying δακτυλίους)→ object specificationτέσσαρες: 'four'; renders Hebrew אַרְבַּע; the four rings, set in symmetrical pairs, are standard for the carrying-arrangement of the sanctuary furniture.
δακτυλίουςringsAccusativedirect object of ἐχώνευσεν→ object specificationδακτύλιος: 'ring'; renders Hebrew טַבַּעַת; the cast rings through which the carrying-poles (διωστῆρες) pass, fixed to the sides of the ark.
χρυσοῦςgoldenAccusativeattributive adjective (material, modifying δακτυλίους)→ object specificationχρυσοῦς (contracted from χρύσεος): 'made of gold / golden'; renders Hebrew זָהָב; the rings, like the ark itself, are of gold.
δύοtwoAccusativenumeral (distributive: 'two on...')→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; indeclinable in most cases; the distributive δύο … δύο divides the four rings between the ark's two sides.
ἐπὶonpreposition + accusative (position)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (position).
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with κλίτος)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλίτοςsideAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (position)→ object specificationκλίτος: 'side / flank'; renders Hebrew צֵלָע / צַד; designates a lateral face of the ark on which a pair of rings is set.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ἓν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἓνoneAccusativenumeral/ordinal-equivalent adjective (modifying κλίτος)→ measure or countεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; here in idiomatic pairing with δεύτερον ('the one … the second'), the LXX's way of naming the two opposite sides.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δύοtwoAccusativenumeral (second member of distributive pair)→ measure or countδύο: meaning 'two'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἐπὶonpreposition + accusative (position)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (position).
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with κλίτος)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλίτοςsideAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationκλίτος: meaning 'side'; it serves as accusative object of ἐπί.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with δεύτερον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεύτερονsecondAccusativeordinal adjective (modifying κλίτος)→ object specificationδεύτερος: 'second / other'; renders Hebrew שֵׁנִי; in the idiom τὸ ἓν … τὸ δεύτερον it names the opposite side of the ark.
4

εὐρεῖς τοῖς διωστῆρσιν ὥστε αἴρειν αὐτὴν ἐν αὐτοῖς

broad enough for the carrying-poles, so as to lift it by them.

Result/purpose qualifier of the rings (continuing v. 3)εὐρεῖς τοῖς διωστῆρσιν
A qualifying clause completing v. 3: the rings are 'broad' (εὐρεῖς) for the carrying-poles, the ὥστε + infinitive marking purpose/result — that the ark might be lifted by them. The same construction recurs for the table (v. 10) and the bronze altar (v. 24).
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
εὐρεῖςbroad / wideAccusativepredicate adjective (modifying δακτυλίους of v. 3, acc. pl.)→ object specificationεὐρύς: 'broad / wide'; describes the rings as wide enough to receive the carrying-poles; the same predicate recurs at vv. 10 and 24 in the identical poling-formula.
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (with διωστῆρσιν)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διωστῆρσινcarrying-polesDativedative of purpose/reference ('for the poles')→ sphere or referenceδιωστήρ: 'carrying-pole / bar' (lit. 'that which is pushed through'); from διωθέω ('push through'); renders Hebrew בַּד; the poles passed through the rings for transporting the ark.
ὥστεso asconjunction introducing result/purpose infinitive→ discourse linkage or contrastὥστε: 'so that / so as to'; with the infinitive it expresses intended result; here the purpose of the broad rings.
αἴρεινto liftPres Act Infin · αἴρωinfinitive of result/purpose (with ὥστε)→ present infinitive (the carrying viewed as ongoing/repeatable)αἴρω: 'lift / take up / carry'; renders Hebrew נָשָׂא; the present infinitive presents the lifting as the standing purpose of the rings and poles.
αὐτὴνitAccusativedirect object of αἴρειν (the ark)→ participant referenceαὐτός: feminine αὐτήν resumes the ark (κιβωτός) as the object lifted.
ἐνby / withpreposition + dative (instrumental)→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dative: here instrumental ('by means of'), a Hebraizing use rendering בְּ; the ark is lifted 'by them,' i.e., by the poles.
αὐτοῖςthemDativedative object of ἐν (instrumental: the poles)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: the dative plural αὐτοῖς refers to the διωστῆρες (poles) as the instrument of carrying.
5

καὶ ἐποίησεν τὸ ἱλαστήριον ἐπάνωθεν τῆς κιβωτοῦ ἐκ χρυσίου

And he made the mercy-seat above the ark, out of gold.

New item: the mercy-seat (execution refrain ἐποίησεν)καὶ ἐποίησεν
The refrain καὶ ἐποίησεν heads a new furniture item: the ἱλαστήριον set ἐπάνωθεν ('above') the ark. The phrase ἐκ χρυσίου ('out of gold') marks it as solid gold, not merely overlaid — the place of atonement above the ark.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενhe madeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (execution refrain, new item)→ constative aorist (completed fabrication)ποιέω: the execution refrain resumes, introducing the mercy-seat; subject still Bezalel.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ἱλαστήριον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱλαστήριονmercy-seatAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησεν→ object specificationἱλαστήριον: 'mercy-seat / place of atonement / propitiatory'; renders Hebrew כַּפֹּרֶת; the gold cover of the ark where atonement was made (Lev 16:14); the term Paul applies to Christ at Rom 3:25, giving this LXX word great theological afterlife.
ἐπάνωθενaboveadverb/improper preposition + genitive (position over the ark)→ spatial or relational framingἐπάνωθεν: 'above / from above / on top of'; with the genitive τῆς κιβωτοῦ it locates the mercy-seat directly over the ark; renders Hebrew מִלְמַעְלָה / עַל.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with κιβωτοῦ)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κιβωτοῦarkGenitivegenitive governed by ἐπάνωθεν→ relational specificationκιβωτός: the ark of v. 1, now in the genitive as the object over which the mercy-seat rests.
ἐκout ofpreposition + genitive (material)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ + genitive of material: 'made out of'; here marks the substance of the mercy-seat as gold.
χρυσίουgoldGenitivegenitive of material (object of ἐκ)→ relational specificationχρυσίον: 'gold'; the genitive with ἐκ indicates the mercy-seat is solid gold, befitting the holiest point of the sanctuary.
6

καὶ τοὺς δύο χερουβιμ χρυσοῦς

and the two cherubim of gold;

Continuation: the cherubim, object of ἐποίησεν (v. 5)καὶ τοὺς δύο χερουβιμ
A verbless continuation governed by ἐποίησεν of v. 5: 'and (he made) the two golden cherubim.' The transliterated plural χερουβιμ keeps the Hebrew form unchanged, while the Greek article and adjective inflect around it.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (continuing v. 5)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with χερουβιμ; supplies Greek inflection)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύοtwoAccusativenumeral (modifying χερουβιμ)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; renders Hebrew שְׁנַיִם; the two cherubim flank the mercy-seat as a matched pair.
χερουβιμcherubimdirect object of (implied) ἐποίησεν; indeclinable transliteration→ clausal contributionχερουβιμ: transliteration of Hebrew כְּרֻבִים (already a Hebrew plural in -im); indeclinable in the LXX, with case shown only by the article τούς; the winged composite throne-creatures whose wings overshadow the mercy-seat (cf. 25:18–20; Ezek 10).
χρυσοῦςgoldenAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying χερουβιμ)→ object specificationχρυσοῦς: 'made of gold'; agrees grammatically (acc. pl. masc.) with the indeclinable χερουβιμ, marking them as worked of gold, of a piece with the mercy-seat.
7

χερουβ ἕνα ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρον τοῦ ἱλαστηρίου τὸ ἓν καὶ χερουβ ἕνα ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρον τὸ δεύτερον τοῦ ἱλαστηρίου

one cherub on the one end of the mercy-seat and one cherub on the second end of the mercy-seat,

Specification of the cherubim's placement (continuing v. 6)χερουβ ἕνα
The placement clause distributes the two cherubim: one at each end (ἄκρον) of the mercy-seat, in the same ἓν … δεύτερον idiom used of the ark's sides (v. 3). The singular χερουβ here is the transliterated Hebrew singular כְּרוּב, distinct from the plural χερουβιμ of v. 6.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
χερουβcherubaccusative (object of implied ἐποίησεν); indeclinable transliteration→ clausal contributionχερουβ: transliteration of the Hebrew singular כְּרוּב ('cherub'); indeclinable; the LXX distinguishes the singular χερουβ from the plural χερουβιμ (v. 6), here naming each of the pair individually.
ἕναoneAccusativenumeral (modifying χερουβ)→ measure or countεἷς: 'one'; the masculine accusative ἕνα supplies the Greek inflection for the indeclinable χερουβ, distributing the cherubim singly.
ἐπὶonpreposition + accusative (position)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (position).
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ἄκρον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄκρονend / tipAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (position)→ object specificationἄκρον: 'extremity / end / tip'; renders Hebrew קָצֶה; designates the two ends of the mercy-seat on which the cherubim stand.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with ἱλαστηρίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱλαστηρίουmercy-seatGenitivegenitive (possessive: 'end of the mercy-seat')→ relational specificationἱλαστήριον: the mercy-seat of v. 5, here in the genitive as the whole of which the ἄκρον is the end.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ἓν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἓνoneAccusativeadjective (specifying 'the one end')→ measure or countεἷς, ἕν: 'one'; in the idiom τὸ ἓν … τὸ δεύτερον names the first of the two ends.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χερουβcherubaccusative (object of implied ἐποίησεν); indeclinable→ clausal contributionχερουβ: the second of the pair, again the indeclinable Hebrew singular.
ἕναoneAccusativenumeral (modifying χερουβ)→ measure or countἕνα: meaning 'one'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἐπὶonpreposition + accusative (position)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (position).
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ἄκρον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄκρονend / tipAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (position)→ object specificationἄκρον: meaning 'end'; it serves as accusative object of ἐπί (position).
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with δεύτερον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεύτερονsecondAccusativeordinal adjective (modifying ἄκρον)→ object specificationδεύτερος: 'second'; names the opposite end of the mercy-seat, completing the symmetrical pair.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with ἱλαστηρίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱλαστηρίουmercy-seatGenitivegenitive (possessive: 'end of the mercy-seat')→ relational specificationἱλαστηρίου: meaning 'mercy-seat'; it serves as genitive (possessive: 'end of the mercy-seat').
8

σκιάζοντα ταῖς πτέρυξιν αὐτῶν ἐπὶ τὸ ἱλαστήριον

overshadowing the mercy-seat with their wings.

Participial qualifier of the cherubim (their posture)σκιάζοντα ταῖς πτέρυξιν
A participial clause describing the cherubim's posture: they overshadow (σκιάζοντα) the mercy-seat with their wings. The participle agrees with the cherubim; the image evokes the throne-canopy of YHWH enthroned 'between the cherubim' (cf. 25:20; 1 Sam 4:4).
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
σκιάζονταovershadowingPres Act Ptcp Acc Pl Neut · σκιάζωattributive/circumstantial participle (modifying the cherubim)→ present participle (ongoing posture of overshadowing)σκιάζω: 'overshadow / cover with shade'; renders Hebrew סָכַךְ ('screen / cover'); the present participle depicts the cherubim's wings as permanently arched over the mercy-seat; cognate to the verb of the Spirit's 'overshadowing' at Luke 1:35 (ἐπισκιάζω).
ταῖςwith theDativearticle (with πτέρυξιν)→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πτέρυξινwingsDativedative of instrument/means ('with their wings')→ sphere or referenceπτέρυξ: 'wing'; renders Hebrew כָּנָף; the instrumental dative names the means of overshadowing — the outspread wings forming the canopy over the mercy-seat.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (the cherubim's wings)→ relational specificationαὐτός: the genitive plural αὐτῶν ('their') refers to the two cherubim as owners of the overshadowing wings.
ἐπὶoverpreposition + accusative (direction/position over)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + accusative: 'over / upon'; here the wings extend over the mercy-seat.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ἱλαστήριον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱλαστήριονmercy-seatAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (the overshadowed object)→ object specificationἱλαστήριον: the mercy-seat, here the object overshadowed by the cherubim's wings, completing the throne-tableau of vv. 5–8.
9

καὶ ἐποίησεν τὴν τράπεζαν τὴν προκειμένην ἐκ χρυσίου καθαροῦ

And he made the table that is set out, of pure gold.

New item: the table (execution refrain ἐποίησεν)καὶ ἐποίησεν
The refrain heads the third item: the table 'set out' before the LORD (ἡ τράπεζα ἡ προκειμένη), the table of the bread of the Presence. ἐκ χρυσίου καθαροῦ marks it as pure gold.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενhe madeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (execution refrain, new item)→ constative aorist (completed fabrication)ποιέω: the execution refrain, now introducing the table.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with τράπεζαν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τράπεζανtableAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησεν→ object specificationτράπεζα: 'table'; renders Hebrew שֻׁלְחָן; the table for the bread of the Presence (ἄρτοι τῆς προθέσεως), standing in the Holy Place opposite the lampstand.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (in the attributive participle construction)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προκειμένηνset out / set forthPres Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Sg Fem · πρόκειμαιattributive participle (modifying τράπεζαν)→ present participle (the table's standing function: continually set out)πρόκειμαι: 'lie before / be set forth / be displayed'; the participle ἡ προκειμένη designates the table as the one on which the bread is perpetually 'set out' before the LORD (the bread of the Presence, ἄρτοι τῆς προθέσεως — cognate πρόθεσις, 'a setting-forth').
ἐκout ofpreposition + genitive (material)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'out of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (material).
χρυσίουgoldGenitivegenitive of material (object of ἐκ)→ relational specificationχρυσίον: 'gold'; the table is made of pure gold (here, by metonymy, of a gold core/overlay).
καθαροῦpureGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying χρυσίου)→ relational specificationκαθαρός: 'pure'; renders Hebrew טָהוֹר; χρυσίον καθαρόν ('pure gold') is again the refined gold of the holy furniture (cf. v. 2).
10

καὶ ἐχώνευσεν αὐτῇ τέσσαρας δακτυλίους δύο ἐπὶ τοῦ κλίτους τοῦ ἑνὸς καὶ δύο ἐπὶ τοῦ κλίτους τοῦ δευτέρου εὐρεῖς ὥστε αἴρειν τοῖς διωστῆρσιν ἐν αὐτοῖς

And he cast for it four rings, two on the one side and two on the second side, broad enough so as to lift it with the carrying-poles by them.

Continuation: the table's rings and poling (parallel to v. 3–4)καὶ ἐχώνευσεν
The table's rings repeat almost verbatim the ark's poling-formula (vv. 3–4): four rings cast, two per side, made broad (εὐρεῖς) for the poles, ὥστε αἴρειν ('so as to lift'). The repeated technical formula binds the portable furniture into a single transport-system.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐχώνευσενhe castAor Act Indic 3 Sg · χωνεύωmain verb (metal-casting of the rings)→ constative aorist (completed casting)χωνεύω: 'cast / found'; as at v. 3, the technical verb for forming the cast-metal rings.
αὐτῇfor itDativedative of advantage/reference (the table)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: feminine dative αὐτῇ ('for it') refers to the table (τράπεζα, fem.).
τέσσαραςfourAccusativenumeral (modifying δακτυλίους)→ object specificationτέσσαρες: 'four'; the table, like the ark, receives four carrying-rings.
δακτυλίουςringsAccusativedirect object of ἐχώνευσεν→ object specificationδακτύλιος: 'ring'; the cast rings for the table's poles (cf. v. 3).
δύοtwoAccusativenumeral (distributive)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; distributed as at v. 3.
ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (position)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + genitive: here 'on / upon' the side, a variation from the accusative of v. 3 with no change of sense.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with κλίτους)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλίτουςsideGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (position)→ relational specificationκλίτος: 'side / flank'; here genitive (κλίτους) governed by ἐπί; one of the table's two sides.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with ἑνὸς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑνὸςoneGenitiveadjective (modifying κλίτους: 'the one side')→ relational specificationεἷς (gen. ἑνός): 'one'; in the τοῦ ἑνὸς … τοῦ δευτέρου idiom names the first side.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δύοtwoAccusativenumeral (second member of distributive pair)→ measure or countδύο: meaning 'two'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (position)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (position).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with κλίτους)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλίτουςsideGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί→ relational specificationκλίτους: meaning 'side'; it serves as genitive object of ἐπί.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with δευτέρου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δευτέρουsecondGenitiveordinal adjective (modifying κλίτους)→ relational specificationδεύτερος: 'second'; names the opposite side of the table.
εὐρεῖςbroad / wideAccusativepredicate adjective (modifying δακτυλίους)→ object specificationεὐρύς: 'broad'; the rings are wide enough for the poles, as at v. 4.
ὥστεso asconjunction introducing result/purpose infinitive→ discourse linkage or contrastὥστε: 'so as to'; with αἴρειν expresses the purpose of the broad rings.
αἴρεινto liftPres Act Infin · αἴρωinfinitive of result/purpose (with ὥστε)→ present infinitive (repeatable carrying)αἴρω: 'lift / carry'; the standing purpose of the rings and poles, as at v. 4.
τοῖςwith theDativearticle (with διωστῆρσιν)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διωστῆρσινcarrying-polesDativedative of instrument/means ('with the poles')→ sphere or referenceδιωστήρ: 'carrying-pole'; the poles by which the table is lifted (cf. v. 4).
ἐνbypreposition + dative (instrumental)→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dative: instrumental ('by means of them'), Hebraizing rendering of בְּ.
αὐτοῖςthemDativedative object of ἐν (instrumental: the rings/poles)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: the dative plural resumes the rings/poles as the instrument of carrying.
11

καὶ τοὺς διωστῆρας τῆς κιβωτοῦ καὶ τῆς τραπέζης ἐποίησεν καὶ κατεχρύσωσεν αὐτοὺς χρυσίῳ

And the carrying-poles of the ark and of the table he made, and overlaid them with gold.

Continuation: the gilded poles of ark and tableκαὶ τοὺς διωστῆρας … ἐποίησεν
The fronted object τοὺς διωστῆρας (the carrying-poles) gathers ark and table together: Bezalel makes the poles of both, then gilds them. The two ἐποίησεν / κατεχρύσωσεν verbs again pair making with overlaying, as in vv. 1–2.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with διωστῆρας)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διωστῆραςcarrying-polesAccusativefronted direct object of ἐποίησεν→ object specificationδιωστήρ: 'carrying-pole'; here the fronted object, gathering both the ark's and the table's poles into a single act of fabrication and gilding.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with κιβωτοῦ)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κιβωτοῦarkGenitivegenitive of possession (the ark's poles)→ relational specificationκιβωτός: the ark; genitive marking the poles as belonging to it.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with τραπέζης)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τραπέζηςtableGenitivegenitive of possession (the table's poles)→ relational specificationτράπεζα: the table; genitive marking the poles as belonging to it as well.
ἐποίησενhe madeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (execution refrain, here post-posed after its object)→ constative aorist (completed fabrication)ποιέω: the execution refrain; the verb follows its fronted object, throwing emphasis onto the poles.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατεχρύσωσενhe overlaid with goldAor Act Indic 3 Sg · καταχρυσόωmain verb (gilding of the poles)→ constative aorist (completed overlaying)καταχρυσόω: 'overlay completely with gold' (cf. v. 2); the poles too are gilded, matching the furniture they carry.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object (the poles)→ participant referenceαὐτός: masculine accusative plural αὐτούς resumes the διωστῆρες (masc.) as the gilded objects.
χρυσίῳwith goldDativedative of material/instrument→ sphere or referenceχρυσίον: 'gold'; dative of material specifying the overlay (cf. v. 2).
12

καὶ ἐποίησεν τὰ σκεύη τῆς τραπέζης τά τε τρυβλία καὶ τὰς θυίσκας καὶ τοὺς κυάθους καὶ τὰ σπονδεῖα ἐν οἷς σπείσει ἐν αὐτοῖς χρυσᾶ

And he made the vessels of the table — the dishes, the incense-cups, the ladles, and the libation-bowls in which the drink-offering will be poured — of gold.

Continuation: the table's golden vessels (closing the table-unit)καὶ ἐποίησεν τὰ σκεύη
The execution refrain produces the table's vessels, listed in an enumerative τε … καί series: dishes, incense-cups, ladles, libation-bowls. The relative clause ἐν οἷς σπείσει ('in which one will pour') with the resumptive Hebraizing ἐν αὐτοῖς explains the libation-bowls' use; all are χρυσᾶ ('of gold').
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενhe madeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (execution refrain)→ constative aorist (completed fabrication)ποιέω: the refrain, here producing the table's accessory vessels.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with σκεύη)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκεύηvesselsAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησεν→ object specificationσκεῦος (pl. σκεύη): 'vessel / implement'; renders Hebrew כֵּלִים; the table's service-vessels, enumerated in the following list.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with τραπέζης)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τραπέζηςtableGenitivegenitive of possession (the table's vessels)→ relational specificationτράπεζα: the table, whose vessels these are.
τάtheAccusativearticle (with τρυβλία; begins the τε…καί enumeration)→ noun-phrase markingτά: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τεboth / andenclitic conjunction (τε … καί series)→ discourse linkage or contrastτε: enclitic 'and / both'; opens the correlative τε … καί … καί list enumerating the vessels.
τρυβλίαdishes / platesAccusativefirst member of the vessel-list (apposition to σκεύη)→ object specificationτρυβλίον: 'dish / bowl / plate'; renders Hebrew קְעָרָה; the dishes that held the bread of the Presence.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (in the list)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with θυίσκας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυίσκαςincense-cupsAccusativesecond member of the vessel-list→ object specificationθυίσκη: 'incense-cup / censer-spoon'; renders Hebrew כַּף; small vessels for frankincense set with the bread (cf. Lev 24:7).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (in the list)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with κυάθους)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυάθουςladles / cupsAccusativethird member of the vessel-list→ object specificationκύαθος: 'ladle / cup / dipper'; renders Hebrew קָשָׂה / מְנַקִּית; vessels associated with the drink-offerings of the table.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (in the list)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with σπονδεῖα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπονδεῖαlibation-bowlsAccusativefourth member of the vessel-list→ object specificationσπονδεῖον: 'libation-bowl'; from σπονδή ('drink-offering'); renders Hebrew מְנַקִּית / קַשְׂוָה; the bowls from which the wine-libation accompanying the bread is poured.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (relative clause: 'in which')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (relative clause: 'in which').
οἷςwhichDativerelative pronoun (object of ἐν; antecedent σπονδεῖα)→ participant reference or interestὅς: relative pronoun; ἐν οἷς ('in which') introduces a relative clause explaining the libation-bowls' use.
σπείσειone will pour outFut Act Indic 3 Sg · σπένδωverb of relative clause (impersonal/indefinite subject)→ gnomic/customary future (standing ritual use)σπένδω: 'pour out a drink-offering / make a libation'; renders Hebrew נָסַךְ; the future expresses the bowls' intended cultic function; cognate with σπονδεῖον and σπονδή.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (resumptive Hebraism, doubling ἐν οἷς)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: the second ἐν with the resumptive ἐν αὐτοῖς redundantly restates the relative — a Hebraism reflecting the resumptive pronoun (אֲשֶׁר … בָּהֶם, 'which … in them').
αὐτοῖςthemDativeresumptive pronoun (Hebraizing, restating the relative)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: the resumptive ἐν αὐτοῖς ('in them') doubles the relative ἐν οἷς, a calque of the Hebrew resumptive pronoun after the relative particle.
χρυσᾶof gold / goldenAccusativepredicate adjective (modifying the whole vessel-list, neut. pl.)→ object specificationχρυσοῦς (neut. pl. χρυσᾶ): 'made of gold'; the terminal predicate sums up all the listed vessels as golden, closing the table-unit.
13

καὶ ἐποίησεν τὴν λυχνίαν ἣ φωτίζει χρυσῆν στερεὰν τὸν καυλόν

And he made the lampstand that gives light, of gold, solid in its shaft.

New item: the lampstand (execution refrain ἐποίησεν)καὶ ἐποίησεν τὴν λυχνίαν
The refrain heads the fourth item: the lampstand. The relative ἣ φωτίζει ('which gives light') names its function; χρυσῆν στερεάν ('of solid gold') and the accusative of respect τὸν καυλόν ('solid as to its shaft') describe its hammered, one-piece construction.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενhe madeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (execution refrain, new item)→ constative aorist (completed fabrication)ποιέω: the refrain, now introducing the lampstand.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with λυχνίαν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λυχνίανlampstandAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησεν→ object specificationλυχνία: 'lampstand'; renders Hebrew מְנוֹרָה; the seven-branched golden lampstand of the Holy Place (cf. 25:31), source of the sanctuary's light.
whichNominativerelative pronoun (subject of φωτίζει; antecedent λυχνίαν)→ participant referenceὅς, ἥ: relative pronoun; the feminine ἥ agrees with λυχνία, introducing the descriptive clause 'which gives light.'
φωτίζειgives lightPres Act Indic 3 Sg · φωτίζωverb of relative clause (descriptive function)→ customary present (the lampstand's standing function)φωτίζω: 'give light / illuminate'; renders Hebrew אוֹר (Hiphil); the present describes the lampstand's enduring purpose — to illumine the Holy Place.
χρυσῆνof gold / goldenAccusativeattributive/predicate adjective (modifying λυχνίαν)→ object specificationχρυσοῦς (fem. χρυσῆ): 'made of gold'; the lampstand is of pure gold throughout.
στερεὰνsolidAccusativepredicate adjective (modifying λυχνίαν)→ object specificationστερεός: 'solid / firm / hammered out of one piece'; renders Hebrew מִקְשָׁה ('beaten work'); the lampstand is not assembled from parts but worked from a single solid mass of gold.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with καυλόν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καυλόνshaft / stalkAccusativeaccusative of respect ('solid as to the shaft')→ object specificationκαυλός: 'stalk / shaft / central stem'; renders Hebrew יָרֵךְ; the accusative of respect specifies that the lampstand is solid 'as to its shaft' — its central stem is one hammered piece.
14

καὶ τοὺς καλαμίσκους ἐξ ἀμφοτέρων τῶν μερῶν αὐτῆς

and the branches from both its sides;

Continuation: the lampstand's branches (object of ἐποίησεν, v. 13)καὶ τοὺς καλαμίσκους
Verbless continuation under ἐποίησεν: 'and (he made) the branches (καλαμίσκοι) from both sides.' The branches projecting from the central shaft give the lampstand its characteristic form.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (continuing v. 13)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with καλαμίσκους)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καλαμίσκουςbranches / reed-shaftsAccusativedirect object of (implied) ἐποίησεν→ object specificationκαλαμίσκος: 'little reed / branch-shaft'; diminutive of κάλαμος ('reed'); renders Hebrew קָנֶה; the branches extending from the lampstand's central shaft.
ἐξfrompreposition + genitive (source/location)→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source/location).
ἀμφοτέρωνbothGenitiveadjective (modifying μερῶν)→ relational specificationἀμφότεροι: 'both (of two)'; renders Hebrew שְׁנֵי / מִשְּׁנֵי; marks the symmetrical projection of branches from the two sides of the shaft.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with μερῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μερῶνsides / partsGenitivegenitive governed by ἐξ (source)→ relational specificationμέρος: 'part / side'; renders Hebrew צַד; the two sides of the lampstand's shaft from which the branches spring.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession (the lampstand's sides)→ relational specificationαὐτός: feminine αὐτῆς refers to the lampstand (λυχνία, fem.).
15

ἐκ τῶν καλαμίσκων αὐτῆς οἱ βλαστοὶ ἐξέχοντες τρεῖς ἐκ τούτου καὶ τρεῖς ἐκ τούτου ἐξισούμενοι ἀλλήλοις

from its branches the buds projecting, three from this side and three from that side, made equal to one another;

Continuation: the buds projecting from the branchesἐκ τῶν καλαμίσκων αὐτῆς
Detail of the lampstand's ornamentation: from the branches project buds (βλαστοί), three on this side and three on that, 'made equal to one another' (ἐξισούμενοι ἀλλήλοις) — the strict bilateral symmetry of the lampstand's design.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with καλαμίσκων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καλαμίσκωνbranchesGenitivegenitive governed by ἐκ (source)→ relational specificationκαλαμίσκος: the branches of v. 14, here the source from which the buds project.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession (the lampstand's branches)→ relational specificationαὐτός: feminine αὐτῆς, again the lampstand.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with βλαστοὶ)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βλαστοὶbuds / shootsNominativesubject (of the implied 'were' / nominal clause)→ participant prominenceβλαστός: 'bud / sprout / shoot'; renders Hebrew גְּבִיעַ / כַּפְתֹּר (the botanical ornamentation); the lampstand is styled as a stylized flowering tree, its branches bearing buds and blossoms.
ἐξέχοντεςprojecting / jutting outPres Act Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · ἐξέχωattributive participle (modifying βλαστοί)→ present participle (the buds' standing projection)ἐξέχω: 'project / stand out / jut forth'; the present participle depicts the buds as permanently projecting from the branches.
τρεῖςthreeNominativenumeral (modifying βλαστοί)→ measure or countτρεῖς: 'three'; the three buds on each side answer the three branches per side of the classic seven-branched form.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (side)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (side).
τούτουthis (side)Genitivedemonstrative (object of ἐκ: 'from this side')→ relational specificationοὗτος: the idiom ἐκ τούτου … ἐκ τούτου ('from this side … from that side') renders Hebrew מִצַּד … מִצַּד, distributing the buds symmetrically.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τρεῖςthreeNominativenumeral (second member)→ measure or countτρεῖς: meaning 'three'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (side)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (side).
τούτουthat (side)Genitivedemonstrative (object of ἐκ: 'from that side')→ relational specificationτούτου: meaning 'that (side)'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as demonstrative (object of ἐκ: 'from that side').
ἐξισούμενοιmade equal / matchedPres Mid/Pass Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · ἐξισόωattributive participle (modifying βλαστοί)→ present participle (the buds' standing symmetry)ἐξισόω: 'make equal / match exactly'; the participle stresses the perfect bilateral symmetry — the three buds on one side correspond exactly to the three on the other.
ἀλλήλοιςto one anotherDativereciprocal pronoun (dative with ἐξισούμενοι)→ participant reference or interestἀλλήλων: reciprocal pronoun 'one another'; the dative ἀλλήλοις completes ἐξισούμενοι — the buds are matched 'to one another' in mirror symmetry.
16

καὶ τὰ λαμπάδια αὐτῶν ἅ ἐστιν ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων καρυωτὰ ἐξ αὐτῶν καὶ τὰ ἐνθέμια ἐξ αὐτῶν ἵνα ὦσιν ἐπ᾿ αὐτῶν οἱ λύχνοι καὶ τὸ ἐνθέμιον τὸ ἕβδομον ἀπ᾿ ἄκρου τοῦ λαμπαδίου ἐπὶ τῆς κορυφῆς ἄνωθεν στερεὸν ὅλον χρυσοῦν

and their lamp-holders, which are on the tips, nut-shaped, out of them, and the calyxes out of them, that the lamps might be upon them, and the seventh calyx at the tip of the lamp-holder on the very top above, the whole one solid piece of gold.

Continuation: the lamp-holders and calyxes (object of ἐποίησεν)καὶ τὰ λαμπάδια αὐτῶν
The most technically dense verse of the lampstand-unit: the lamp-holders (λαμπάδια) at the tips, nut-shaped (καρυωτά) and of one piece with the branches (ἐξ αὐτῶν), the calyx-ornaments (ἐνθέμια) to seat the lamps, and the seventh calyx at the very crown — the whole worked στερεὸν ὅλον χρυσοῦν ('solid, entire, of gold').
Word-by-word analysis· 39 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (continuing the lampstand-list)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with λαμπάδια)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαμπάδιαlamp-holdersAccusativedirect object of (implied) ἐποίησεν→ object specificationλαμπάδιον: 'little lamp / lamp-holder'; diminutive of λαμπάς ('torch/lamp'); the cup-like holders at the tips of the branches that received the seven λύχνοι.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (the branches')→ relational specificationαὐτός: genitive plural, referring to the branches/buds whose lamp-holders these are.
whichNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἐστιν; antecedent λαμπάδια)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; neuter plural ἅ agrees with λαμπάδια, introducing 'which are on the tips.'
ἐστινarePres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίverb of relative clause (constructio ad sensum with neut. pl. subject)→ stative present (existing position)εἰμί: 'be'; the singular ἐστιν with neuter plural subject (ἅ … λαμπάδια) reflects the regular Greek rule (neuter plural takes singular verb); 'which are on the tips.'
ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (position)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (position).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with ἄκρων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄκρωνtips / endsGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (position)→ relational specificationἄκρον: 'tip / extremity'; here the ends of the branches on which the lamp-holders sit.
καρυωτὰnut-shapedAccusativepredicate adjective (modifying λαμπάδια)→ object specificationκαρυωτός: 'shaped like a nut / almond'; from κάρυον ('nut'); renders the Hebrew מְשֻׁקָּדִים ('almond-shaped'); the lamp-holders are styled as almond blossoms (cf. 25:33–34).
ἐξout ofpreposition + genitive (source/material continuity)→ spatial or relational framingἐξ αὐτῶν: 'out of them' — the holders are of one piece with the branches, not attached separately (cf. the στερεός principle, v. 13).
αὐτῶνthemGenitivegenitive object of ἐξ (the branches)→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'them,' i.e., the branches; the lamp-holders project from the same continuous gold.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἐνθέμια)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνθέμιαcalyxes / inset ornamentsAccusativedirect object of (implied) ἐποίησεν→ object specificationἐνθέμιον: 'inset / calyx-ornament / setting'; from ἐντίθημι ('place in'); the ornamental settings (cf. Hebrew כַּפְתֹּר, 'knob/calyx') into which the lamps were seated.
ἐξout ofpreposition + genitive (material continuity)→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'out of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (material continuity).
αὐτῶνthemGenitivegenitive object of ἐξ (the branches)→ relational specificationαὐτός: the calyxes too are 'out of them,' continuous with the branches' gold.
ἵναthatconjunction introducing purpose clause (+ subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: 'that / in order that'; with the subjunctive ὦσιν states the purpose of the calyxes — to seat the lamps.
ὦσινmight bePres Act Subj 3 Pl · εἰμίverb of purpose clause (with ἵνα)→ present subjunctive (intended continuing state)εἰμί: the subjunctive ὦσιν with ἵνα expresses purpose: 'that the lamps might rest upon them.'
ἐπ᾿uponpreposition + genitive (position; elided before vowel)→ spatial or relational framingἐπ᾿: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (position; elided before vowel).
αὐτῶνthemGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (the calyxes)→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'them,' i.e., the calyx-settings on which the lamps sit.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with λύχνοι)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λύχνοιlampsNominativesubject of ὦσιν→ participant prominenceλύχνος: 'lamp'; renders Hebrew נֵר; the oil-lamps set upon the lamp-holders; seven in number (v. 17).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ἐνθέμιον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνθέμιονcalyx / inset ornamentAccusativedirect object of (implied) ἐποίησεν (the seventh, central setting)→ object specificationἐνθέμιον: the singular here names the seventh, central calyx atop the shaft (cf. the plural in this same verse).
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ἕβδομον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἕβδομονseventhAccusativeordinal adjective (modifying ἐνθέμιον)→ object specificationἕβδομος: 'seventh'; renders Hebrew שְׁבִיעִי; the central, crowning calyx that completes the sevenfold lamp-array atop the shaft.
ἀπ᾿frompreposition + genitive (position; elided before vowel)→ spatial or relational framingἀπ᾿: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (position; elided before vowel).
ἄκρουtipGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (position)→ relational specificationἄκρον: 'tip / top'; here the topmost point of the lamp-holder.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with λαμπαδίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαμπαδίουlamp-holderGenitivegenitive (possessive: 'tip of the lamp-holder')→ relational specificationλαμπάδιον: the lamp-holder (cf. above); here the central one at the crown of the shaft.
ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (position)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (position).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with κορυφῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κορυφῆςtop / summitGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (position)→ relational specificationκορυφή: 'crown / summit / top'; the highest point of the lampstand, where the seventh calyx sits.
ἄνωθενabove / from aboveadverb of place (height)→ clausal contributionἄνωθεν: 'from above / at the top'; reinforces the elevated position of the seventh calyx at the crown.
στερεὸνsolidAccusativepredicate adjective (summing the lampstand's construction)→ object specificationστερεός: 'solid / one-piece' (cf. v. 13); the whole lampstand is hammered from a single mass of gold.
ὅλονwhole / entireAccusativepredicate adjective (intensifying στερεόν)→ object specificationὅλος: 'whole / entire'; underscores that the lampstand in its entirety is a single worked piece.
χρυσοῦνof goldAccusativepredicate adjective (material, closing the lampstand-unit)→ object specificationχρυσοῦς (neut. χρυσοῦν): 'made of gold'; the terminal predicate στερεὸν ὅλον χρυσοῦν sums up the lampstand as solid, entire, and golden.
17

καὶ ἑπτὰ λύχνους ἐπ᾿ αὐτῆς χρυσοῦς καὶ τὰς λαβίδας αὐτῆς χρυσᾶς καὶ τὰς ἐπαρυστρίδας αὐτῶν χρυσᾶς

and seven golden lamps upon it, and its golden snuffers, and their golden oil-vessels.

Continuation: the seven lamps and the gold accessories (closing the lampstand-unit)καὶ ἑπτὰ λύχνους
The lampstand-unit closes with its completed array: seven golden lamps, gold snuffers (λαβίδες), and gold oil-vessels (ἐπαρυστρίδες). The threefold χρυσοῦς/χρυσᾶς insists that every part is gold.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (continuing the lampstand-list)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑπτὰsevenAccusativenumeral (modifying λύχνους)→ measure or countἑπτά: 'seven'; renders Hebrew שִׁבְעָה; the seven lamps of the lampstand, a number of completeness for the sanctuary light (cf. 25:37).
λύχνουςlampsAccusativedirect object of (implied) ἐποίησεν→ object specificationλύχνος: 'lamp'; the seven oil-lamps set upon the holders of the lampstand.
ἐπ᾿uponpreposition + genitive (position; elided before vowel)→ spatial or relational framingἐπ᾿: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (position; elided before vowel).
αὐτῆςitGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (the lampstand)→ relational specificationαὐτός: feminine αὐτῆς, the lampstand, upon which the lamps are set.
χρυσοῦςgoldenAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying λύχνους)→ object specificationχρυσοῦς: 'made of gold'; the lamps themselves are gold.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with λαβίδας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαβίδαςsnuffers / tongsAccusativedirect object of (implied) ἐποίησεν→ object specificationλαβίς: 'tongs / snuffers'; from λαμβάνω ('take'); renders Hebrew מֶלְקָחַיִם; the tongs for tending the wicks of the lamps.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession (the lampstand's)→ relational specificationαὐτός: feminine αὐτῆς, the lampstand whose snuffers these are.
χρυσᾶςgoldenAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying λαβίδας)→ object specificationχρυσοῦς (fem. acc. pl. χρυσᾶς): 'of gold'; the snuffers too are gold.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with ἐπαρυστρίδας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπαρυστρίδαςoil-vessels / funnelsAccusativedirect object of (implied) ἐποίησεν→ object specificationἐπαρυστρίς: 'oil-pourer / funnel-vessel'; from ἐπαρύω ('pour in upon'); the small vessels for replenishing the lamps' oil; renders Hebrew מַחְתָּה in this context of lamp-service.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (the lamps')→ relational specificationαὐτός: genitive plural, referring to the lamps whose oil-vessels these are.
χρυσᾶςgoldenAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἐπαρυστρίδας)→ object specificationχρυσοῦς (fem. χρυσᾶς): 'of gold'; the oil-vessels too are gold, completing the all-gold inventory of the lampstand.
18

οὗτος περιηργύρωσεν τοὺς στύλους καὶ ἐχώνευσεν τῷ στύλῳ δακτυλίους χρυσοῦς καὶ ἐχρύσωσεν τοὺς μοχλοὺς χρυσίῳ καὶ κατεχρύσωσεν τοὺς στύλους τοῦ καταπετάσματος χρυσίῳ καὶ ἐποίησεν τὰς ἀγκύλας χρυσᾶς

This man overlaid the pillars with silver, and cast for the pillar gold rings, and gilded the bars with gold, and overlaid the pillars of the veil with gold, and made the clasps of gold.

New section: Bezalel's metalwork, marked by emphatic οὗτοςοὗτος περιηργύρωσεν
A new movement opens with the emphatic anaphoric οὗτος ('this man'), which heads vv. 18–26, resuming Bezalel as subject with a deictic spotlight. The verse strings five execution verbs (περιηργύρωσεν, ἐχώνευσεν, ἐχρύσωσεν, κατεχρύσωσεν, ἐποίησεν) cataloguing the silvering and gilding of the structural members.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
οὗτοςthis manNominativesubject (emphatic demonstrative, resuming Bezalel)→ participant referenceοὗτος: demonstrative 'this (man)'; here a resumptive, emphatic subject re-identifying Bezalel and heading the catalogue of vv. 18–26; the repeated οὗτος gives the metalwork section a litany-like cadence.
περιηργύρωσενhe overlaid with silverAor Act Indic 3 Sg · περιαργυρόωmain verb (silvering of the pillars)→ constative aorist (completed overlaying)περιαργυρόω: 'overlay/plate round with silver'; from περί ('around') + ἄργυρος ('silver'); the silver counterpart of καταχρυσόω; renders Hebrew צִפָּה כֶּסֶף ('overlay with silver').
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with στύλους)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στύλουςpillarsAccusativedirect object of περιηργύρωσεν→ object specificationστῦλος: 'pillar / column'; renders Hebrew עַמּוּד; the upright posts of the tabernacle and its court.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐχώνευσενhe castAor Act Indic 3 Sg · χωνεύωmain verb (casting of the rings)→ constative aorist (completed casting)χωνεύω: 'cast / found' (cf. vv. 3, 10); here the casting of gold rings for the pillar.
τῷfor theDativearticle (with στύλῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στύλῳpillarDativedative of advantage/reference ('for the pillar')→ sphere or referenceστῦλος: 'pillar'; the dative marks the pillar as the beneficiary of the cast rings (the collective singular standing for the pillars generally).
δακτυλίουςringsAccusativedirect object of ἐχώνευσεν→ object specificationδακτύλιος: 'ring'; here the rings cast for the pillars (cf. vv. 3, 10).
χρυσοῦςgoldenAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying δακτυλίους)→ object specificationχρυσοῦς: 'of gold'; the rings are gold.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐχρύσωσενhe gildedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · χρυσόωmain verb (gilding of the bars)→ constative aorist (completed gilding)χρυσόω: 'gild / overlay with gold'; the simple verb beside its compound κατεχρύσωσεν; renders Hebrew צִפָּה זָהָב.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with μοχλοὺς)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μοχλοὺςbarsAccusativedirect object of ἐχρύσωσεν→ object specificationμοχλός: 'bar / crossbar'; renders Hebrew בְּרִיחַ; the horizontal bars binding the tabernacle's frames.
χρυσίῳwith goldDativedative of material/instrument→ sphere or referenceχρυσίον: 'gold'; the material of the gilding.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατεχρύσωσενhe overlaid with goldAor Act Indic 3 Sg · καταχρυσόωmain verb (gilding of the veil-pillars)→ constative aorist (completed overlaying)καταχρυσόω: 'overlay completely with gold' (cf. vv. 2, 11); here applied to the pillars of the veil.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with στύλους)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στύλουςpillarsAccusativedirect object of κατεχρύσωσεν→ object specificationστῦλος: 'pillar'; here specifically the pillars from which the veil hangs.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with καταπετάσματος)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταπετάσματοςveilGenitivegenitive of relationship (the pillars of the veil)→ relational specificationκαταπέτασμα: 'veil / curtain'; from καταπετάννυμι ('spread down'); renders Hebrew פָּרֹכֶת; the inner veil screening the Holy of Holies (cf. the rending at Matt 27:51).
χρυσίῳwith goldDativedative of material/instrument→ sphere or referenceχρυσίον: 'gold'; the overlay material for the veil-pillars.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενhe madeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (execution refrain)→ constative aorist (completed fabrication)ποιέω: the refrain, here producing the clasps.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with ἀγκύλας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγκύλαςclasps / loopsAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησεν→ object specificationἀγκύλη: 'loop / clasp / hook'; from ἀγκύλος ('bent/curved'); renders Hebrew קֶרֶס / לֻלָאֹת; the curved fastenings joining the curtains/coverings (cf. v. 20).
χρυσᾶςgoldenAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἀγκύλας)→ object specificationχρυσοῦς (fem. χρυσᾶς): 'of gold'; the clasps are gold.
19

οὗτος ἐποίησεν καὶ τοὺς κρίκους τῆς σκηνῆς χρυσοῦς καὶ τοὺς κρίκους τῆς αὐλῆς καὶ κρίκους εἰς τὸ ἐκτείνειν τὸ κατακάλυμμα ἄνωθεν χαλκοῦς

This man made also the rings of the tabernacle of gold, and the rings of the court, and bronze rings for stretching out the covering above.

Continuation of the metalwork catalogue (anaphoric οὗτος)οὗτος ἐποίησεν καὶ
The anaphoric οὗτος ἐποίησεν resumes: Bezalel makes the rings (κρίκοι) of the tent and court of gold, and bronze rings for stretching the upper covering. The shift from gold (interior) to bronze (outer covering) tracks the descending holiness-gradient of the materials.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
οὗτοςthis manNominativesubject (emphatic demonstrative, resuming Bezalel)→ participant referenceοὗτος: the anaphoric subject again heading the clause; the repetition binds the metalwork catalogue.
ἐποίησενhe madeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (execution refrain)→ constative aorist (completed fabrication)ποιέω: the refrain, here producing the rings of tent and court.
καὶalsoadverbial/additive conjunction ('also')→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here adverbial 'also / too,' adding the rings to the preceding list of Bezalel's works.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with κρίκους)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίκουςringsAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησεν→ object specificationκρίκος: 'ring / link'; renders Hebrew קֶרֶס / טַבַּעַת; the rings/links by which curtains were joined and hung (distinct from the δακτύλιοι of the furniture).
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with σκηνῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtabernacle / tentGenitivegenitive of relationship (the tent's rings)→ relational specificationσκηνή: 'tent / tabernacle'; renders Hebrew מִשְׁכָּן / אֹהֶל; the dwelling-tent of YHWH whose curtains the rings join.
χρυσοῦςgoldenAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying κρίκους)→ object specificationχρυσοῦς: 'of gold'; the tent's rings are gold (the inner, holier structure).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with κρίκους)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίκουςringsAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησεν (second set)→ object specificationκρίκος: 'ring'; the second set, for the court.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with αὐλῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐλῆςcourtGenitivegenitive of relationship (the court's rings)→ relational specificationαὐλή: 'court / courtyard'; renders Hebrew חָצֵר; the outer enclosure of the tabernacle complex.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κρίκουςringsAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησεν (third, anarthrous set)→ object specificationκρίκος: 'ring'; the third, anarthrous set, specified by purpose (for the covering) and material (bronze).
εἰςforpreposition + articular infinitive (purpose)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς + articular infinitive: 'for the purpose of'; a common LXX/Koine purpose construction.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (governing the infinitive ἐκτείνειν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκτείνεινto stretch outPres Act Infin · ἐκτείνωarticular infinitive of purpose (with εἰς τό)→ present infinitive (the standing function: to stretch/extend)ἐκτείνω: 'stretch out / extend'; renders Hebrew נָטָה / פָּרַשׂ; the bronze rings serve to stretch the outer covering taut over the tent.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with κατακάλυμμα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατακάλυμμαcoveringAccusativedirect object of ἐκτείνειν→ object specificationκατακάλυμμα: 'covering / overlay-cloth'; from κατακαλύπτω ('cover down'); renders Hebrew מִכְסֶה; the protective covering spread over the top of the tent.
ἄνωθενabove / from aboveadverb of place (height)→ clausal contributionἄνωθεν: 'from above / on top'; locates the covering over the upper part of the tent.
χαλκοῦςof bronzeAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying the third set of κρίκους)→ object specificationχαλκοῦς (contracted from χάλκεος): 'made of bronze/copper'; renders Hebrew נְחֹשֶׁת; the outer-covering rings are bronze, not gold — the lower-grade metal for the more exterior elements.
20

οὗτος ἐχώνευσεν τὰς κεφαλίδας τὰς ἀργυρᾶς τῆς σκηνῆς καὶ τὰς κεφαλίδας τὰς χαλκᾶς τῆς θύρας τῆς σκηνῆς καὶ τὴν πύλην τῆς αὐλῆς καὶ ἀγκύλας ἐποίησεν τοῖς στύλοις ἀργυρᾶς ἐπὶ τῶν στύλων οὗτος περιηργύρωσεν αὐτάς

This man cast the silver capitals of the tabernacle and the bronze capitals of the door of the tabernacle and the gate of the court, and he made silver clasps for the pillars on the pillars; this man overlaid them with silver.

Continuation of the metalwork catalogue (double anaphoric οὗτος)οὗτος ἐχώνευσεν
Two occurrences of οὗτος frame the verse, intensifying the spotlight on Bezalel. He casts the silver and bronze capitals (κεφαλίδες) of the tent-door and the court-gate, makes silver clasps for the pillars, and silvers them — the silver/bronze contrast again sorting interior from exterior.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
οὗτοςthis manNominativesubject (emphatic demonstrative, resuming Bezalel)→ participant referenceοὗτος: the anaphoric subject (cf. vv. 18–19).
ἐχώνευσενhe castAor Act Indic 3 Sg · χωνεύωmain verb (casting of the capitals)→ constative aorist (completed casting)χωνεύω: 'cast / found' (cf. vv. 3, 10, 18); here the casting of the capitals.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with κεφαλίδας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλίδαςcapitals / headsAccusativedirect object of ἐχώνευσεν→ object specificationκεφαλίς: 'capital / head-piece'; diminutive of κεφαλή ('head'); renders Hebrew רֹאשׁ / וָו (the heads/tops of the pillars); the cast tops of the tabernacle's pillars.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (attributive, with ἀργυρᾶς)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀργυρᾶςsilverAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying κεφαλίδας)→ object specificationἀργυροῦς (fem. ἀργυρᾶς): 'made of silver'; renders Hebrew כֶּסֶף; the capitals of the inner tent are silver.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with σκηνῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtabernacleGenitivegenitive of relationship (the tent's capitals)→ relational specificationσκηνή: 'tent / tabernacle' (cf. v. 19).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with κεφαλίδας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλίδαςcapitalsAccusativedirect object of ἐχώνευσεν (second set)→ object specificationκεφαλίς: 'capital'; the second set, for the door of the tent.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (attributive, with χαλκᾶς)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χαλκᾶςbronzeAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying κεφαλίδας)→ object specificationχαλκοῦς (fem. χαλκᾶς): 'made of bronze'; the door-capitals are bronze — a step down in metal from the silver inner capitals.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with θύρας)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θύραςdoorGenitivegenitive of relationship (the door's capitals)→ relational specificationθύρα: 'door / entrance'; renders Hebrew פֶּתַח; the entrance of the tent.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with σκηνῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtabernacleGenitivegenitive of relationship (the door of the tent)→ relational specificationσκηνή: 'tent'; here the tent whose door is meant.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with πύλην)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πύληνgateAccusativedirect object of ἐχώνευσεν (third item)→ object specificationπύλη: 'gate'; renders Hebrew שַׁעַר; the gateway-screen of the court (distinct from θύρα, the tent-door).
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with αὐλῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐλῆςcourtGenitivegenitive of relationship (the gate of the court)→ relational specificationαὐλή: 'court' (cf. v. 19); the court whose gate is cast.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγκύλαςclasps / loopsAccusativefronted direct object of ἐποίησεν→ object specificationἀγκύλη: 'clasp / loop' (cf. v. 18); here silver clasps for the pillars.
ἐποίησενhe madeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (execution refrain, after its object)→ constative aorist (completed fabrication)ποιέω: the refrain, here making the silver clasps.
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (with στύλοις)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στύλοιςpillarsDativedative of advantage/reference ('for the pillars')→ sphere or referenceστῦλος: 'pillar'; the dative marks the pillars as recipients of the clasps.
ἀργυρᾶςsilverAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἀγκύλας)→ object specificationἀργυροῦς (fem. ἀργυρᾶς): 'of silver'; the clasps are silver.
ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (position)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (position).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with στύλων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στύλωνpillarsGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (position: 'on the pillars')→ relational specificationστῦλος: 'pillar'; the clasps sit on the pillars.
οὗτοςthis manNominativesubject (second emphatic οὗτος in the verse)→ participant referenceοὗτος: the second anaphoric subject within the verse, reinforcing the spotlight on Bezalel before the final silvering clause.
περιηργύρωσενhe overlaid with silverAor Act Indic 3 Sg · περιαργυρόωmain verb (silvering of the pillars/clasps)→ constative aorist (completed overlaying)περιαργυρόω: 'overlay with silver' (cf. v. 18); the closing act, silvering the capitals/pillars.
αὐτάςthemAccusativedirect object (the capitals/clasps, fem.)→ participant referenceαὐτός: feminine accusative plural αὐτάς resumes the capitals (κεφαλίδες) / clasps (ἀγκύλαι) as the objects silvered.
21

οὗτος ἐποίησεν καὶ τοὺς πασσάλους τῆς σκηνῆς καὶ τοὺς πασσάλους τῆς αὐλῆς χαλκοῦς

This man made also the pegs of the tabernacle and the pegs of the court, of bronze.

Continuation: the bronze pegs (anaphoric οὗτος), closing the metalwork catalogueοὗτος ἐποίησεν καὶ
The metalwork catalogue closes with the humblest items: the bronze tent-pegs (πάσσαλοι) of tent and court. The descent from gold (vv. 18–19) through silver (v. 20) to bronze pegs completes the materials-gradient from the holiest interior to the ground-level fastenings.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
οὗτοςthis manNominativesubject (emphatic demonstrative, resuming Bezalel)→ participant referenceοὗτος: the anaphoric subject (cf. vv. 18–20).
ἐποίησενhe madeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (execution refrain)→ constative aorist (completed fabrication)ποιέω: the refrain, here producing the pegs.
καὶalsoadverbial/additive conjunction ('also')→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: 'also'; adds the pegs to Bezalel's catalogue.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with πασσάλους)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πασσάλουςpegs / stakesAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησεν→ object specificationπάσσαλος: 'peg / tent-stake'; renders Hebrew יָתֵד; the stakes anchoring the tabernacle and court hangings to the ground.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with σκηνῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtabernacleGenitivegenitive of relationship (the tent's pegs)→ relational specificationσκηνή: 'tent'; the tent whose pegs are made.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with πασσάλους)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πασσάλουςpegsAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησεν (second set)→ object specificationπάσσαλος: 'peg'; the second set, for the court.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with αὐλῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐλῆςcourtGenitivegenitive of relationship (the court's pegs)→ relational specificationαὐλή: 'court'; the court whose pegs are made.
χαλκοῦςof bronzeAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying both sets of πασσάλους)→ object specificationχαλκοῦς: 'of bronze'; the pegs are bronze, the lowest-grade metal, fitting the most utilitarian fastenings.
22

οὗτος ἐποίησεν τὸ θυσιαστήριον τὸ χαλκοῦν ἐκ τῶν πυρείων τῶν χαλκῶν ἃ ἦσαν τοῖς ἀνδράσιν τοῖς καταστασιάσασι μετὰ τῆς Κορε συναγωγῆς

This man made the bronze altar out of the bronze censers that belonged to the men who had rebelled with the congregation of Korah.

New section: the bronze altar (anaphoric οὗτος, with etiological relative clause)οὗτος ἐποίησεν τὸ θυσιαστήριον
A new movement: the bronze altar of burnt offering. The relative clause ἐκ τῶν πυρείων … μετὰ τῆς Κορε συναγωγῆς is a distinctive LXX plus — the altar is cast from the censers of the rebels who perished with Korah (cf. Num 16:36–40, where the censers are made into altar-plating). This etiological note, absent from the MT here, presupposes the Korah rebellion.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
οὗτοςthis manNominativesubject (emphatic demonstrative, resuming Bezalel)→ participant referenceοὗτος: the anaphoric subject, opening the bronze-altar unit.
ἐποίησενhe madeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (execution refrain, new item)→ constative aorist (completed fabrication)ποιέω: the refrain, now producing the bronze altar.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with θυσιαστήριον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησεν→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar (of sacrifice)'; from θυσιάζω ('sacrifice'); renders Hebrew מִזְבֵּחַ; the bronze altar of burnt offering that stood in the court (cf. 27:1).
τὸtheAccusativearticle (attributive, with χαλκοῦν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χαλκοῦνbronzeAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying θυσιαστήριον)→ object specificationχαλκοῦς: 'of bronze'; the altar of burnt offering is bronze, distinguishing it from the gold altar of incense; cf. its standing epithet τὸ θυσιαστήριον τὸ χαλκοῦν.
ἐκout ofpreposition + genitive (material/source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ + genitive: 'out of'; marks the source-material of the altar — the bronze censers.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with πυρείων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πυρείωνcensers / firepansGenitivegenitive of material/source (object of ἐκ)→ relational specificationπυρεῖον: 'censer / firepan'; from πῦρ ('fire'); renders Hebrew מַחְתָּה; the fire-vessels for carrying coals and incense — here the very censers of Korah's company (Num 16).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (attributive, with χαλκῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χαλκῶνbronzeGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying πυρείων)→ relational specificationχαλκοῦς (gen. pl. χαλκῶν): 'of bronze'; the censers, themselves bronze, become the bronze of the altar — a recycling that memorializes the judgment on the rebels.
whichNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἦσαν; antecedent πυρείων)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; neuter plural ἅ agrees with πυρεῖα, introducing the etiological clause about the censers' former owners.
ἦσανbelonged / wereImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίverb of relative clause (with dative of possession)→ imperfect (past state of possession)εἰμί: 'be'; the imperfect ἦσαν with the dative τοῖς ἀνδράσιν is a dative of possession ('which belonged to the men'); the past tense locates the censers' ownership before their owners' destruction.
τοῖςto theDativearticle (with ἀνδράσιν)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνδράσινmenDativedative of possession (the censers' owners)→ sphere or referenceἀνήρ (dat. pl. ἀνδράσιν): 'man'; renders Hebrew אִישׁ / אֲנָשִׁים; the men who possessed the censers — Korah's faction.
τοῖςthe (who)Dativearticle (governing the participle καταστασιάσασι)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταστασιάσασιwho rebelled / rose in factionAor Act Ptcp Dat Pl Masc · καταστασιάζωattributive participle (modifying ἀνδράσιν)→ aorist participle (the completed act of rebellion, prior to the altar's making)καταστασιάζω: 'rise in faction against / lead a sedition'; from κατά + στάσις ('faction/uprising'); a rare compound; describes the men who 'rebelled' against Moses and Aaron with Korah (Num 16); the aorist participle marks their revolt as the completed background to the censers' confiscation.
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (association)→ spatial or relational framingμετά + genitive: 'with / in company with'; marks the rebels' association with Korah's congregation.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with συναγωγῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΚορεKorahgenitive (indeclinable proper noun, modifying συναγωγῆς)→ participant identificationΚορε: transliteration of Hebrew קֹרַח (Korah); indeclinable in the LXX; the Levite who led the rebellion of Num 16; the reference here is a distinctive LXX expansion identifying the altar's bronze with the censers of his condemned company.
συναγωγῆςcongregation / companyGenitivegenitive object of μετά (the body of rebels)→ relational specificationσυναγωγή: 'gathering / congregation / company'; from συνάγω ('gather together'); renders Hebrew עֵדָה / קָהָל; here Korah's rebellious 'congregation' (cf. Num 16:5).
23

οὗτος ἐποίησεν πάντα τὰ σκεύη τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου καὶ τὸ πυρεῖον αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν βάσιν καὶ τὰς φιάλας καὶ τὰς κρεάγρας χαλκᾶς

This man made all the vessels of the altar — its firepan and the base and the bowls and the flesh-hooks — of bronze.

Continuation: the altar's bronze vessels (anaphoric οὗτος)οὗτος ἐποίησεν πάντα τὰ σκεύη
Parallel to the table's vessels (v. 12), Bezalel makes 'all the vessels' of the bronze altar in an enumerated list — firepan, base, bowls, flesh-hooks — all χαλκᾶς ('of bronze'), matching the altar's material.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
οὗτοςthis manNominativesubject (emphatic demonstrative, resuming Bezalel)→ participant referenceοὗτος: the anaphoric subject (cf. v. 22).
ἐποίησενhe madeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (execution refrain)→ constative aorist (completed fabrication)ποιέω: the refrain, producing the altar's vessels.
πάνταallAccusativeadjective (modifying σκεύη)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all / every'; the neuter plural πάντα stresses the completeness of the altar's equipment.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with σκεύη)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκεύηvesselsAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησεν→ object specificationσκεῦος (pl. σκεύη): 'vessel / implement' (cf. v. 12); the altar's service-implements, enumerated next.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with θυσιαστηρίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστηρίουaltarGenitivegenitive of possession (the altar's vessels)→ relational specificationθυσιαστήριον: the bronze altar of v. 22, whose vessels these are.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (beginning the vessel-list)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with πυρεῖον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πυρεῖονfirepan / censerAccusativefirst member of the vessel-list→ object specificationπυρεῖον: 'firepan / censer' (cf. v. 22); the altar's pan for carrying coals/ashes.
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive of possession (the altar's)→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'its,' referring to the altar.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (in the list)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with βάσιν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βάσινbaseAccusativesecond member of the vessel-list→ object specificationβάσις: 'base / pedestal / stand'; from βαίνω ('go/stand'); renders Hebrew כֵּן; the supporting base of the altar (the term recurs of the laver's base, v. 26).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (in the list)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with φιάλας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φιάλαςbowls / basinsAccusativethird member of the vessel-list→ object specificationφιάλη: 'bowl / basin'; renders Hebrew מִזְרָק; the dashing-basins for the sacrificial blood at the altar (the word recurs in Rev 5:8; 16:1).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (in the list)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with κρεάγρας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρεάγραςflesh-hooksAccusativefourth member of the vessel-list→ object specificationκρεάγρα: 'flesh-hook'; from κρέας ('flesh') + ἀγρέω ('seize'); renders Hebrew מִזְלָג; the forks for handling sacrificial meat at the altar (cf. 1 Sam 2:13–14).
χαλκᾶςof bronzeAccusativepredicate adjective (modifying the whole vessel-list)→ object specificationχαλκοῦς (fem. χαλκᾶς): 'of bronze'; the terminal predicate sums up all the altar-vessels as bronze, matching the altar (cf. χρυσᾶ for the table's vessels, v. 12).
24

οὗτος ἐποίησεν τῷ θυσιαστηρίῳ παράθεμα ἔργον δικτυωτόν κάτωθεν τοῦ πυρείου ὑπὸ αὐτὸ ἕως τοῦ ἡμίσους αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπέθηκεν αὐτῷ τέσσαρας δακτυλίους ἐκ τῶν τεσσάρων μερῶν τοῦ παραθέματος τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου χαλκοῦς τοῖς μοχλοῖς εὐρεῖς ὥστε αἴρειν τὸ θυσιαστήριον ἐν αὐτοῖς

This man made for the altar a grating, a work of network, beneath the hearth, under it, reaching to its middle; and he set on it four rings at the four corners of the altar's grating, of bronze, broad for the poles, so as to lift the altar by them.

Continuation: the altar's bronze grating and poling (anaphoric οὗτος; closing the altar-unit)οὗτος ἐποίησεν τῷ θυσιαστηρίῳ παράθεμα
The altar-unit closes with its grating (παράθεμα ἔργον δικτυωτόν, 'a work of network') beneath the hearth, and its four corner-rings for the carrying-poles. The poling-formula εὐρεῖς ὥστε αἴρειν … ἐν αὐτοῖς matches the ark (v. 4) and table (v. 10), unifying all the portable sancta.
Word-by-word analysis· 39 words
οὗτοςthis manNominativesubject (emphatic demonstrative, resuming Bezalel)→ participant referenceοὗτος: the anaphoric subject (cf. vv. 22–23).
ἐποίησενhe madeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (execution refrain)→ constative aorist (completed fabrication)ποιέω: the refrain, here producing the altar's grating.
τῷfor theDativearticle (with θυσιαστηρίῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστηρίῳaltarDativedative of advantage/reference ('for the altar')→ sphere or referenceθυσιαστήριον: the bronze altar; the dative marks it as the beneficiary of the grating.
παράθεμαgrating / attachmentAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησεν→ object specificationπαράθεμα: 'thing set alongside / attachment / grating'; from παρατίθημι ('place beside'); renders Hebrew מִכְבָּר / כַּרְכֹּב; the latticed grating fitted to the altar.
ἔργονworkAccusativeaccusative in apposition (describing παράθεμα)→ object specificationἔργον: 'work / piece of workmanship'; renders Hebrew מַעֲשֵׂה; in apposition with the following δικτυωτόν it characterizes the grating as 'a work of network.'
δικτυωτόνof network / latticedAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἔργον)→ object specificationδικτυωτός: 'made like a net / latticed'; from δίκτυον ('net'); renders Hebrew רֶשֶׁת ('netting'); the grating is a bronze mesh, allowing air/ash through.
κάτωθενbeneath / belowadverb/improper preposition + genitive (position below)→ spatial or relational framingκάτωθεν: 'from below / beneath'; with the genitive locates the grating under the hearth; the opposite of ἄνωθεν (vv. 16, 19).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with πυρείου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πυρείουhearth / firepanGenitivegenitive governed by κάτωθεν (position)→ relational specificationπυρεῖον: 'fire-place / hearth' (cf. vv. 22–23); here the altar's fire-grate beneath which the network is set.
ὑπὸunderpreposition + accusative (position)→ spatial or relational framingὑπό + accusative: 'under / beneath'; reinforces κάτωθεν.
αὐτὸitAccusativeobject of ὑπό (the hearth)→ participant referenceαὐτός: neuter αὐτό refers to the πυρεῖον (neut.), the hearth under which the grating lies.
ἕωςas far as / up topreposition + genitive (extent)→ spatial or relational framingἕως + genitive: 'up to / as far as'; marks the vertical extent of the grating — reaching to the altar's midpoint.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with ἡμίσους)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμίσουςhalf / middleGenitivegenitive object of ἕως (extent)→ relational specificationἥμισυς: 'half'; renders Hebrew חֵצִי; the grating reaches up to the altar's mid-height.
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive of possession (the altar's middle)→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'its,' referring to the altar — to the half of it.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέθηκενhe placed on / set uponAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (fitting the rings)→ constative aorist (completed placing)ἐπιτίθημι: 'place upon / set on / attach'; from ἐπί + τίθημι; renders Hebrew נָתַן / שִׂים; here Bezalel affixes the carrying-rings to the grating.
αὐτῷto itDativedative (indirect object: the grating/altar)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: the dative αὐτῷ ('to it') refers to the grating/altar onto which the rings are set.
τέσσαραςfourAccusativenumeral (modifying δακτυλίους)→ object specificationτέσσαρες: 'four'; the four corner-rings, as for the ark (v. 3) and table (v. 10).
δακτυλίουςringsAccusativedirect object of ἐπέθηκεν→ object specificationδακτύλιος: 'ring'; the carrying-rings of the altar.
ἐκat / frompreposition + genitive (position: 'at the corners')→ spatial or relational framingἐκ + genitive: here positional, 'at / on (the four parts).'
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with μερῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τεσσάρωνfourGenitivenumeral (modifying μερῶν)→ relational specificationτέσσαρες (gen. τεσσάρων): 'four'; the four sides/corners on which the rings sit.
μερῶνsides / cornersGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (position)→ relational specificationμέρος: 'part / side'; here the four sides/corners of the grating (cf. v. 14).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with παραθέματος)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παραθέματοςgratingGenitivegenitive of relationship (the grating's corners)→ relational specificationπαράθεμα: the grating of this verse, whose four corners hold the rings.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with θυσιαστηρίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστηρίουaltarGenitivegenitive of relationship (the altar's grating)→ relational specificationθυσιαστήριον: the altar to which the grating belongs.
χαλκοῦςof bronzeAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying δακτυλίους)→ object specificationχαλκοῦς: 'of bronze'; the altar's rings, like the altar, are bronze (not gold as for the ark/table).
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (with μοχλοῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μοχλοῖςpoles / barsDativedative of purpose/reference ('for the poles')→ sphere or referenceμοχλός: 'bar / pole' (cf. v. 18); here the carrying-poles of the altar (where ark/table used διωστῆρες); the dative marks their purpose.
εὐρεῖςbroad / wideAccusativepredicate adjective (modifying δακτυλίους)→ object specificationεὐρύς: 'broad'; the rings are wide enough for the poles, repeating the formula of vv. 4 and 10.
ὥστεso asconjunction introducing result/purpose infinitive→ discourse linkage or contrastὥστε: 'so as to'; with αἴρειν, the purpose of the broad rings.
αἴρεινto liftPres Act Infin · αἴρωinfinitive of result/purpose (with ὥστε)→ present infinitive (repeatable carrying)αἴρω: 'lift / carry'; the standing purpose of the rings and poles (cf. vv. 4, 10).
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with θυσιαστήριον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarAccusativedirect object of αἴρειν (the object lifted)→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: the altar, here the object to be carried by its poles.
ἐνbypreposition + dative (instrumental)→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dative: instrumental ('by means of them'), the Hebraizing usage of vv. 4 and 10.
αὐτοῖςthemDativedative object of ἐν (instrumental: the rings/poles)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: the dative plural resumes the rings/poles as the instrument of carrying, closing the altar-unit.
25

οὗτος ἐποίησεν τὸ ἔλαιον τῆς χρίσεως τὸ ἅγιον καὶ τὴν σύνθεσιν τοῦ θυμιάματος καθαρὸν ἔργον μυρεψοῦ

This man made the holy anointing oil and the compound of the incense, a pure work of a perfumer.

New section: the anointing oil and incense (anaphoric οὗτος)οὗτος ἐποίησεν τὸ ἔλαιον
A new unit: the consecratory substances. Bezalel makes the holy anointing oil (ἔλαιον τῆς χρίσεως τὸ ἅγιον) and the compounded incense (σύνθεσιν τοῦ θυμιάματος), characterized as 'a pure work of a perfumer' (ἔργον μυρεψοῦ) — the same craft-language applied to consecrated aromatics (cf. 30:25, 35).
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
οὗτοςthis manNominativesubject (emphatic demonstrative, resuming Bezalel)→ participant referenceοὗτος: the anaphoric subject (cf. vv. 22–24).
ἐποίησενhe madeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (execution refrain, new item)→ constative aorist (completed fabrication)ποιέω: the refrain, here producing the anointing oil and incense — extended from craftsmanship in metal/wood to the perfumer's art.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ἔλαιον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔλαιονoilAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησεν→ object specificationἔλαιον: 'olive oil'; renders Hebrew שֶׁמֶן; the base of the consecratory anointing-oil.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with χρίσεως)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρίσεωςanointingGenitivegenitive of purpose/quality ('oil of anointing')→ relational specificationχρῖσις: 'anointing'; from χρίω ('anoint'); renders Hebrew מִשְׁחָה; the oil designated for consecrating the sanctuary, its furniture, and the priests; cognate with χριστός ('anointed one').
τὸtheAccusativearticle (attributive, with ἅγιον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅγιονholyAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἔλαιον)→ object specificationἅγιος: 'holy / set apart'; renders Hebrew קֹדֶשׁ; the anointing oil is 'holy,' reserved exclusively for sacred use (cf. 30:31–33).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with σύνθεσιν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σύνθεσινcompound / mixtureAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησεν (second item)→ object specificationσύνθεσις: 'compounding / mixture'; from συντίθημι ('put together'); the blended composition of the sacred incense (cf. the perfumer's compounding of 30:35).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with θυμιάματος)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυμιάματοςincenseGenitivegenitive of content/material ('compound of incense')→ relational specificationθυμίαμα: 'incense / fragrant offering'; from θυμιάω ('burn incense'); renders Hebrew קְטֹרֶת; the aromatic compound burned on the gold incense-altar (cf. Rev 5:8; 8:3).
καθαρὸνpureAccusativepredicate adjective (modifying σύνθεσιν / the incense)→ object specificationκαθαρός: 'pure / unadulterated'; renders Hebrew טָהוֹר; the incense-compound is pure, unmixed with anything profane (cf. 30:35).
ἔργονworkAccusativeaccusative in apposition (characterizing the compound)→ object specificationἔργον: 'work / product'; in apposition, characterizing the incense as a skilled product — 'a work of a perfumer.'
μυρεψοῦof a perfumerGenitivegenitive of the craftsman ('work of a perfumer')→ relational specificationμυρεψός: 'perfumer / ointment-maker'; from μύρον ('perfume') + ἕψω ('boil/cook'); renders Hebrew רֹקֵחַ; the incense is compounded by the perfumer's art (cf. 30:25, 35).
26

οὗτος ἐποίησεν τὸν λουτῆρα χαλκοῦν καὶ τὴν βάσιν αὐτοῦ χαλκῆν ἐκ τῶν κατόπτρων τῶν νηστευσασῶν αἳ ἐνήστευσαν παρὰ τὰς θύρας τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου ἐν ᾗ ἡμέρᾳ ἔπηξεν αὐτήν

This man made the bronze laver and its bronze base, out of the mirrors of the women who fasted, who fasted at the doors of the tent of witness on the day he set it up.

New item: the bronze laver from the women's mirrors (anaphoric οὗτος, with etiological clause)οὗτος ἐποίησεν τὸν λουτῆρα
The penultimate item: the bronze laver and its base, made 'from the mirrors of the women who fasted' (ἐκ τῶν κατόπτρων τῶν νηστευσασῶν). The LXX's νηστευσασῶν ('who fasted') renders the difficult Hebrew הַצֹּבְאֹת ('who served/ministered'); the etiological relative clause and the temporal note ('on the day he set it up') give the laver a distinctive backstory of women's devotion.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
οὗτοςthis manNominativesubject (emphatic demonstrative, resuming Bezalel)→ participant referenceοὗτος: the last of the anaphoric subjects (cf. vv. 22–25).
ἐποίησενhe madeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (execution refrain, new item)→ constative aorist (completed fabrication)ποιέω: the refrain, here producing the laver.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with λουτῆρα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λουτῆραlaver / basinAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησεν→ object specificationλουτήρ: 'laver / washing-basin'; from λούω ('wash'); renders Hebrew כִּיּוֹר; the bronze basin for the priests' ablutions, set between the tent and the altar (cf. 30:18).
χαλκοῦνof bronzeAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying λουτῆρα)→ object specificationχαλκοῦς: 'of bronze'; the laver, standing in the court, is bronze.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with βάσιν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βάσινbaseAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησεν (second item)→ object specificationβάσις: 'base / stand' (cf. v. 23); the pedestal on which the laver rests.
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive of possession (the laver's base)→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'its,' referring to the laver.
χαλκῆνof bronzeAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying βάσιν)→ object specificationχαλκοῦς (fem. χαλκῆν): 'of bronze'; the base too is bronze, matching the laver.
ἐκout ofpreposition + genitive (material/source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ + genitive: 'out of'; marks the source-material — the bronze mirrors of the devout women.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with κατόπτρων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατόπτρωνmirrorsGenitivegenitive of material/source (object of ἐκ)→ relational specificationκάτοπτρον: 'mirror'; from κατοπτεύω ('look at / behold'); renders Hebrew מַרְאָה; ancient mirrors were of polished bronze, hence the fitting material for the bronze laver; cf. the metaphor of 1 Cor 13:12 (δι᾽ ἐσόπτρου).
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (governing the participle νηστευσασῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νηστευσασῶνof the women who fastedAor Act Ptcp Gen Pl Fem · νηστεύωsubstantival participle (the fasting women, owners of the mirrors)→ aorist participle (the women's completed devotion)νηστεύω: 'fast / abstain from food'; the LXX's νηστευσασῶν ('who fasted') renders the difficult Hebrew הַצֹּבְאֹת ('who served/ministered/mustered at the door'); the Greek interprets the women's tent-door service as religious fasting, presenting them as devout ascetics whose mirrors are surrendered for sacred use.
αἳwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἐνήστευσαν; antecedent the women)→ participant referenceὅς, ἥ: relative pronoun; feminine plural αἵ, picking up the fasting women and introducing the resumptive/emphatic relative clause.
ἐνήστευσανfastedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · νηστεύωverb of relative clause (resuming νηστευσασῶν)→ constative aorist (their completed act of fasting)νηστεύω: the finite verb redundantly restates the participle (νηστευσασῶν … αἳ ἐνήστευσαν), a Hebraizing resumption emphasizing the women's devout fasting at the sanctuary entrance.
παρὰat / besidepreposition + accusative (position)→ spatial or relational framingπαρά + accusative: 'beside / at'; locates the women's fasting at the entrance of the tent (cf. v. 5 sense of position).
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with θύρας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θύραςdoorsAccusativeaccusative object of παρά (position)→ object specificationθύρα: 'door / entrance' (cf. v. 20); the accusative plural θύρας denotes the entrance of the tent of witness where the women gathered.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with σκηνῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtentGenitivegenitive of relationship (the door of the tent)→ relational specificationσκηνή: 'tent'; here in the standing phrase ἡ σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου ('tent of witness').
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with μαρτυρίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουwitness / testimonyGenitivegenitive of relationship (tent 'of witness')→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: 'witness / testimony'; from μάρτυς ('witness'); renders Hebrew מוֹעֵד ('meeting') in the phrase אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד — the LXX consistently renders it ἡ σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου ('tent of witness'), interpreting the tent by the 'testimony' (the tablets) it houses.
ἐνonpreposition + dative (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dative: here temporal, 'on (the day)'; the phrase ἐν ᾗ ἡμέρᾳ ('on the day on which') is a Hebraizing temporal relative.
whichDativerelative pronoun (attracted to ἡμέρᾳ; temporal)→ participant reference or interestὅς, ἥ: relative pronoun; the dative ᾗ agrees with ἡμέρᾳ in the temporal relative 'on the day on which.'
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time (with ἐν: 'on the day')→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: 'day'; renders Hebrew יוֹם; the temporal anchor for the women's fasting — the day the tent was pitched.
ἔπηξενhe set up / pitchedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · πήγνυμιverb of temporal relative clause→ constative aorist (the completed pitching of the tent)πήγνυμι: 'fix / fasten / pitch (a tent)'; renders Hebrew נָטָה / הֵקִים; the subject is the implied builder (Moses/Bezalel); cf. ἔπηξεν of the tent at Heb 8:2 (ἣν ἔπηξεν ὁ κύριος).
αὐτήνitAccusativedirect object of ἔπηξεν (the tent)→ participant referenceαὐτός: feminine αὐτήν refers to the tent (σκηνή, fem.) that was pitched on that day.
27

καὶ ἐποίησεν τὸν λουτῆρα ἵνα νίπτωνται ἐξ αὐτοῦ Μωυσῆς καὶ Ααρων καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῶν καὶ τοὺς πόδας εἰσπορευομένων αὐτῶν εἰς τὴν σκηνὴν τοῦ μαρτυρίου ἢ ὅταν προσπορεύωνται πρὸς τὸ θυσιαστήριον λειτουργεῖν ἐνίπτοντο ἐξ αὐτοῦ καθάπερ συνέταξεν κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ

And he made the laver, that Moses and Aaron and his sons might wash their hands and feet from it when they entered the tent of witness, or whenever they drew near to the altar to minister, they washed from it, just as the LORD had instructed Moses.

Closing summary: the laver's purpose and the obedience-formulaκαὶ ἐποίησεν τὸν λουτῆρα
The chapter closes by restating the laver's making (καὶ ἐποίησεν, returning to the simple καί after the οὗτος-series) and giving its purpose: the priestly ablutions before entering the tent or approaching the altar. The final clause καθάπερ συνέταξεν κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ ('just as the LORD instructed Moses') seals the whole furniture-account as exact obedience to the divine command.
Word-by-word analysis· 43 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (returning from οὗτος to καί)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: the simple connective resumes after the οὗτος-litany (vv. 18–26), framing the closing summary.
ἐποίησενhe madeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (execution refrain, final occurrence)→ constative aorist (completed fabrication)ποιέω: the final occurrence of the chapter's refrain, restating the laver before its purpose-clause.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with λουτῆρα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λουτῆραlaverAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησεν→ object specificationλουτήρ: the laver of v. 26, restated as the object whose purpose is now explained.
ἵναthatconjunction introducing purpose clause (+ subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: 'that / in order that'; with the subjunctive νίπτωνται states the purpose of the laver — the priestly washings.
νίπτωνταιmight washPres Mid Subj 3 Pl · νίπτωverb of purpose clause (with ἵνα)→ present subjunctive (habitual/repeated washing)νίπτω: 'wash (part of the body)'; renders Hebrew רָחַץ; the middle νίπτωνται ('wash themselves') with the present aspect denotes the repeated, customary ablutions of the priests (cf. 30:19–21; John 13:5–10).
ἐξfrompreposition + genitive (source of the washing-water)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ + genitive: 'from / out of'; the priests wash with water drawn 'from it,' the laver.
αὐτοῦitGenitivegenitive object of ἐξ (the laver)→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'it,' the laver as the source of the washing-water.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject of νίπτωνται (first of the compound subject)→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: transliteration of Hebrew מֹשֶׁה; declined as a first/third-declension noun in Rahlfs' LXX (cf. dat. Μωυσῇ below); the lawgiver, here washing along with the priests.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining the compound subject)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑαρωνAaronsubject (indeclinable proper noun, second of compound subject)→ participant identificationΑαρων: transliteration of Hebrew אַהֲרֹן; indeclinable in the LXX; Moses' brother and the first high priest, the chief subject of the priestly ablutions.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with υἱοὶ)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject (third of compound subject)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; renders Hebrew בֵּן; Aaron's sons, the priests who minister at the sanctuary and so must wash.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (Aaron's sons)→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his,' referring to Aaron — his sons the priests.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with χεῖρας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραςhandsAccusativedirect object of νίπτωνται (what is washed)→ object specificationχείρ: 'hand'; renders Hebrew יָד; the hands washed before priestly service (cf. 30:19).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (the priests' hands)→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'their,' the priests' hands.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with πόδας)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόδαςfeetAccusativedirect object of νίπτωνται (coordinate with χεῖρας)→ object specificationπούς: 'foot'; renders Hebrew רֶגֶל; the hands and feet together are washed before ministering (cf. 30:19, 21).
εἰσπορευομένωνas they enteredPres Mid Ptcp Gen Pl Masc · εἰσπορεύομαιgenitive absolute (temporal: 'when they enter')→ present participle (action contemporaneous with the washing)εἰσπορεύομαι: 'enter / go in'; the genitive absolute εἰσπορευομένων αὐτῶν ('when they enter') sets the occasion for washing — entry into the tent of witness.
αὐτῶνthey / theirGenitivegenitive absolute subject (with εἰσπορευομένων)→ relational specificationαὐτός: the genitive αὐτῶν is the subject of the genitive-absolute participle — 'when they enter.'
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction of entry)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of entry).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with σκηνὴν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνὴνtentAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (direction)→ object specificationσκηνή: 'tent'; the tent of witness, into which the priests enter.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with μαρτυρίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουwitnessGenitivegenitive of relationship (tent 'of witness')→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: 'witness / testimony' (cf. v. 26); the standing phrase ἡ σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου.
ordisjunctive conjunction (alternative occasion)→ discourse linkage or contrastἤ: 'or'; introduces the second occasion for washing — approaching the altar.
ὅτανwhenevertemporal conjunction (+ subjunctive, indefinite frequency)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅταν: 'whenever'; with the subjunctive προσπορεύωνται expresses the recurring occasion of approaching the altar.
προσπορεύωνταιthey draw nearPres Mid Subj 3 Pl · προσπορεύομαιverb of indefinite temporal clause (with ὅταν)→ present subjunctive (repeated/customary approach)προσπορεύομαι: 'approach / draw near to'; renders Hebrew קָרַב / נָגַשׁ; the priests' recurring approach to the altar for service, requiring prior washing.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction toward)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction toward).
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with θυσιαστήριον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (direction)→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: the altar (cf. vv. 22–24), to which the priests draw near to minister.
λειτουργεῖνto ministerPres Act Infin · λειτουργέωinfinitive of purpose (with προσπορεύωνται)→ present infinitive (the ongoing/repeated act of priestly service)λειτουργέω: 'perform public/cultic service / minister'; renders Hebrew שֵׁרֵת; the priestly liturgical service at the altar; source of English 'liturgy' (cf. Heb 8:2; 10:11).
ἐνίπτοντοthey would washImpf Mid Indic 3 Pl · νίπτωmain verb of the apodosis (resuming the washing)→ customary/iterative imperfect (habitual past washing)νίπτω (impf. ἐνίπτοντο): the iterative imperfect resumes the purpose-clause verb νίπτωνται, now narrating the priests' habitual practice: 'they would wash from it' on each such occasion.
ἐξfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
αὐτοῦitGenitivegenitive object of ἐξ (the laver)→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'it,' again the laver as source of the washing-water.
καθάπερjust ascomparative conjunction (introducing the obedience-formula)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθάπερ: 'just as / exactly as'; introduces the obedience-formula that seals the whole construction account — all done in conformity to the divine command.
συνέταξενinstructed / commandedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συντάσσωverb of comparative clause (the divine command)→ constative aorist (the completed prior command)συντάσσω: 'arrange together / order / command'; from σύν + τάσσω ('arrange'); renders Hebrew צִוָּה ('command'); the standard LXX verb in the recurring tabernacle obedience-formula 'as the LORD commanded Moses' (cf. 39–40).
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of συνέταξεν (the divine commander)→ participant prominenceκύριος: the standard LXX rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the nominative subject of the obedience-formula identifies YHWH as the author of the command Bezalel has fulfilled — the theological capstone of the chapter.
τῷtoDativearticle (with Μωυσῇ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜωυσῇMosesDativedative (indirect object: the one commanded)→ sphere or referenceΜωυσῆς (dat. Μωυσῇ): the dative names Moses as the recipient of the divine command that the construction-work has now executed; the formula 'as the LORD commanded Moses' closes the chapter on the note of perfect obedience.