Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Exodus, Chapter 39ΕΞΟΔΟΣ ΛΘ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Exodus 39 belongs to the second tabernacle-construction account (chs.

Translation & textual notes

The Greek text of Exodus 39 follows the standard critical text of the Septuagint as established in the Rahlfs–Hanhart edition (Septuaginta, rev. ed. 2006), an ancient and public-domain text; the critical apparatus is not reproduced. Exodus 39 belongs to the second tabernacle-construction account (chs. 35–40), where the LXX diverges markedly from the Masoretic Text in both arrangement and extent: the Greek of this section is shorter, follows a different sequence of items, and distributes the material across chapter and verse boundaries quite unlike the Hebrew. In particular, LXX Exodus 39 gathers into a single chapter two bodies of material that the MT separates: the metrological reckoning of the metals — the totals of gold, silver, and bronze contributed and worked for the sanctuary (corresponding to MT 38:21–31) — and the bringing of the completed work to Moses with his inspection and blessing (corresponding to MT 39:32–43). The chapter thus opens with an accounting register (vv. 1–9): πᾶν τὸ χρυσίον ὃ κατειργάσθη ('all the gold that was worked', v. 1) at twenty-nine talents and seven hundred thirty shekels; the silver ἀφαίρεμα ('contribution') of the mustered men at one hundred talents and 1,775 shekels (v. 2), itemised as a δραχμὴ μία τῇ κεφαλῇ — the half-shekel poll-tax per head (v. 3); the silver cast (χώνευσις) into the hundred sockets (vv. 4–5); and the bronze ἀφαίρεμα at seventy talents and 1,500 shekels worked into sockets, pegs, and the altar's bronze grating (vv. 6–9). A completion-refrain follows (v. 10: καθὰ συνέταξεν κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ οὕτως ἐποίησαν), and then the surplus gold and the leftover blue, purple, and scarlet are made into the sacral vestments (vv. 11–12). The remainder of the chapter (vv. 13–21) is the great inventory: καὶ ἤνεγκαν … πρὸς Μωυσῆν ('and they brought … to Moses') — the tent, ark, altar, lampstand, table, vestments, hangings, coverings, and all the implements. The climax (vv. 22–23) reprises the obedience-formula and presents Moses' inspection: καὶ εἶδεν Μωυσῆς πάντα τὰ ἔργα καὶ ἦσαν πεποιηκότες αὐτὰ ὃν τρόπον συνέταξεν κύριος … καὶ εὐλόγησεν αὐτοὺς Μωυσῆς ('and Moses saw all the works, and they had done them just as the LORD had directed … and Moses blessed them'). The diction deliberately echoes the completion-and-blessing of creation in Genesis: God 'saw' all that he had made (εἶδεν … πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησεν, Gen 1:31), 'completed' the works (συνετέλεσεν … τὰ ἔργα, Gen 2:2), and 'blessed' (εὐλόγησεν, Gen 2:3) — casting the finished sanctuary as a new microcosm, a world rightly ordered according to the divine plan.

1

πᾶν τὸ χρυσίον ὃ κατειργάσθη εἰς τὰ ἔργα κατὰ πᾶσαν τὴν ἐργασίαν τῶν ἁγίων ἐγένετο χρυσίου τοῦ τῆς ἀπαρχῆς ἐννέα καὶ εἴκοσι τάλαντα καὶ ἑπτακόσιοι εἴκοσι σίκλοι κατὰ τὸν σίκλον τὸν ἅγιον

All the gold that was worked for the works, according to all the labor of the holy things, was, of the gold of the firstfruit-offering, twenty-nine talents and seven hundred twenty shekels by the holy shekel.

New section: opening of the metrological register (fronted subject)πᾶν τὸ χρυσίον
The chapter opens not with a verb of speaking or making but with a fronted accounting summary — πᾶν τὸ χρυσίον ('all the gold') — marking a shift in genre to the inventory/register that dominates vv. 1–9. The structure is a nominal accounting clause: subject (the worked gold), copular ἐγένετο, and the tallied amount in talents and shekels, closed by the standard valuation formula κατὰ τὸν σίκλον τὸν ἅγιον ('by the sanctuary shekel').
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
πᾶνallNominativeattributive adjective (modifying χρυσίον: 'all the gold')→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all / every / the whole'; neuter πᾶν agrees with χρυσίον; the totalising opening signals that what follows is a comprehensive reckoning of every portion of gold used in the sanctuary.
τὸtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρυσίονgoldNominativesubject (of ἐγένετο)→ participant prominenceχρυσίον: 'gold' (often worked or coined gold, diminutive in form but not in sense); renders Hebrew זָהָב; the leading item of the metals reckoning, fitting for the most precious material of the sanctuary.
ὃwhichNominativerelative pronoun (subject of κατειργάσθη)→ participant referenceὅς, ἥ, ὅ: relative pronoun; neuter ὃ agrees with χρυσίον and is the subject of the passive κατειργάσθη — 'the gold which was worked.'
κατειργάσθηwas worked / fashionedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · κατεργάζομαιverb of relative clause (passive: the gold's fashioning)→ constative aorist passive (completed fabrication, agent unexpressed)κατεργάζομαι: 'work thoroughly / fashion / accomplish'; the perfective compound κατα- stresses the bringing of the raw gold to a finished state; the passive leaves the craftsmen implicit, focusing on the gold itself as the object of reckoning.
εἰςfor / intopreposition + accusative (purpose/result)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς + acc.: here of purpose — the gold was worked 'for' (i.e. to make) the works of the sanctuary.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationἔργον: 'work / deed / product of labor'; renders מְלָאכָה; the keyword of the construction account (cf. vv. 21, 23) and the link-word to the creation echo (τὰ ἔργα, Gen 2:2–3) — the sanctuary is itself a great 'work.'
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (norm/measure)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to / in conformity with'; introduces the standard by which the labor was reckoned.
πᾶσανallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἐργασίαν)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all / the whole'; feminine accusative πᾶσαν agrees with ἐργασίαν.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐργασίανlabor / workmanshipAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationἐργασία: 'work / labor / craftsmanship'; the process-noun beside ἔργα (the products); the phrase κατὰ πᾶσαν τὴν ἐργασίαν τῶν ἁγίων = 'in accord with all the workmanship of the sanctuary.'
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίωνholy things / sanctuaryGenitivegenitive (of relationship: 'of the holy things / the sanctuary')→ relational specificationἅγιος (neut. pl. substantive τὰ ἅγια): 'holy things / the sanctuary'; renders קֹדֶשׁ / מִקְדָּשׁ; the genitive specifies the domain of the workmanship — all that pertains to the holy place.
ἐγένετοwas / amounted toAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (copular: 'amounted to')→ constative aorist (the sum as a settled total)γίνομαι: 'become / come to be / amount to'; here functioning as an accounting copula — the gold 'came to' (totalled) the figure that follows; agrees with the singular collective χρυσίον.
χρυσίουof goldGenitivegenitive (partitive/of material: 'of the gold')→ relational specificationχρυσίον (gen.): the genitive resumes the subject as the substance being measured — 'of gold, namely of the firstfruit-offering, [there was] …'.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with the following genitive phrase)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀπαρχῆςfirstfruit-offeringGenitivegenitive (defining the gold: 'the gold of the offering')→ relational specificationἀπαρχή: 'firstfruits / first portion / dedicated offering'; renders תְּרוּמָה / רֵאשִׁית; the construction τοῦ τῆς ἀπαρχῆς ('that of the offering') marks this gold as the consecrated wave-offering set apart for the sanctuary.
ἐννέαnineindeclinable numeral (with εἴκοσι: 'twenty-nine')→ measure or countἐννέα: 'nine'; indeclinable; ἐννέα καὶ εἴκοσι = twenty-nine (talents).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (numeral linkage)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἴκοσιtwentyindeclinable numeral→ measure or countεἴκοσι: 'twenty'; indeclinable.
τάλανταtalentsNominativepredicate nominative (the tallied amount)→ participant prominenceτάλαντον: 'talent', the largest weight-unit (≈ 3,000 shekels); renders כִּכָּר; the talent is the standard large unit in the metals reckoning.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑπτακόσιοιseven hundredNominativenumeral adjective (with σίκλοι)→ participant prominenceἑπτακόσιοι: 'seven hundred'; declined numeral adjective agreeing with σίκλοι.
εἴκοσιtwentyindeclinable numeral (with ἑπτακόσιοι: 'seven hundred twenty')→ measure or countεἴκοσι: 'twenty'; the total here is 730 shekels in the MT but the LXX reads seven hundred twenty (ἑπτακόσιοι εἴκοσι), a minor numerical divergence.
σίκλοιshekelsNominativepredicate nominative (the shekel-remainder of the tally)→ participant prominenceσίκλος: 'shekel', a transliteration-loan of Hebrew שֶׁקֶל; the standard small weight-unit; the reckoning is expressed in talents plus shekels.
κατὰaccording to / bypreposition + accusative (standard of measure)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: introduces the valuation standard — 'by the sanctuary shekel.'
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σίκλονshekelAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (the standard unit)→ object specificationσίκλος (acc.): the phrase κατὰ τὸν σίκλον τὸν ἅγιον ('by the holy/sanctuary shekel') is the fixed LXX rendering of בְּשֶׁקֶל הַקֹּדֶשׁ, the official temple weight-standard (cf. Exod 30:13; Lev 27:25).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (attributive, second position)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅγιονholyAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying σίκλον: 'the holy shekel')→ object specificationἅγιος: 'holy / sacred'; the sanctuary shekel was the authoritative standard weight kept at the sanctuary, ensuring the offerings were measured by a fixed and consecrated norm.
2

καὶ ἀργυρίου ἀφαίρεμα παρὰ τῶν ἐπεσκεμμένων ἀνδρῶν τῆς συναγωγῆς ἑκατὸν τάλαντα καὶ χίλιοι ἑπτακόσιοι ἑβδομήκοντα πέντε σίκλοι

And the contribution of silver from the men of the congregation who were mustered: one hundred talents and one thousand seven hundred seventy-five shekels.

Continuation of the register: the silver entry (parallel to the gold of v. 1)καὶ ἀργυρίου ἀφαίρεμα
The second entry of the metals register; καί links it to the gold tally of v. 1, and the verbless accounting style continues — a heading (the silver contribution and its source) followed by the figure. The genitive ἀργυρίου fronts the material, exactly as χρυσίου anchored v. 1.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (next register-entry)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀργυρίουof silverGenitivegenitive of material (modifying ἀφαίρεμα: 'contribution of silver')→ relational specificationἀργύριον: 'silver / money'; renders כֶּסֶף; the second of the three sanctuary metals (gold, silver, bronze) reckoned in this register.
ἀφαίρεμαcontribution / offeringNominativesubject/heading (nominal accounting clause)→ participant prominenceἀφαίρεμα: 'that which is taken off / a set-apart portion / contribution'; renders תְּרוּמָה ('heave-offering / levy'); the term recurs at v. 6 (ὁ χαλκὸς τοῦ ἀφαιρέματος) and v. 11, binding the whole register: each metal is a 'contribution' set apart for the sanctuary.
παρὰfrompreposition + genitive (source of the contribution)→ spatial or relational framingπαρά + gen.: 'from (the side of)'; marks the human source of the silver — the mustered men of the assembly.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπεσκεμμένωνhaving been mustered / numberedPerf Pass Ptcp Gen Pl Masc · ἐπισκέπτομαιattributive participle (modifying ἀνδρῶν: 'the mustered men')→ resultative perfect (those who stand registered as counted)ἐπισκέπτομαι: 'visit / inspect / muster / number'; renders פָּקַד; the perfect passive participle denotes the standing result of a completed census — the men 'on the register'; the cognate noun ἐπίσκεψις ('numbering') follows at v. 3.
ἀνδρῶνmenGenitivegenitive (with παρά: source — 'from the men')→ relational specificationἀνήρ: 'man / adult male'; renders אִישׁ; here specifically the adult males eligible for the census and the half-shekel levy (v. 3).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συναγωγῆςcongregation / assemblyGenitivegenitive (of relationship: 'men of the congregation')→ relational specificationσυναγωγή: 'gathering / assembly / congregation'; renders עֵדָה; the standard LXX term for Israel as the assembled covenant community whose census supplies the silver levy.
ἑκατὸνhundredindeclinable numeral (with τάλαντα)→ measure or countἑκατόν: 'one hundred'; indeclinable; the round hundred talents of silver will be cast into the hundred sockets at v. 4 (a talent apiece).
τάλανταtalentsNominativepredicate nominative (the silver tally)→ participant prominenceτάλαντον: 'talent'; see v. 1.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χίλιοιthousandNominativenumeral adjective (with σίκλοι)→ measure or countχίλιοι: 'a thousand'; declined numeral adjective agreeing with σίκλοι.
ἑπτακόσιοιseven hundredNominativenumeral adjective (with σίκλοι)→ participant prominenceἑπτακόσιοι: 'seven hundred.'
ἑβδομήκονταseventyindeclinable numeral→ measure or countἑβδομήκοντα: 'seventy'; indeclinable.
πέντεfiveindeclinable numeral (total: 1,775)→ measure or countπέντε: 'five'; indeclinable; the full figure χίλιοι ἑπτακόσιοι ἑβδομήκοντα πέντε = 1,775 shekels (matching MT 38:28).
σίκλοιshekelsNominativepredicate nominative (shekel-remainder of the silver tally)→ participant prominenceσίκλος: 'shekel'; see v. 1; the 1,775 shekels are reserved for the pillar-hooks at v. 5.
3

δραχμὴ μία τῇ κεφαλῇ τὸ ἥμισυ τοῦ σίκλου κατὰ τὸν σίκλον τὸν ἅγιον πᾶς ὁ παραπορευόμενος τὴν ἐπίσκεψιν ἀπὸ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω εἰς τὰς ἑξήκοντα μυριάδας καὶ τρισχίλιοι πεντακόσιοι καὶ πεντήκοντα

One drachma per head, the half of the shekel by the holy shekel — everyone who passes over to the numbering, from twenty years old and upward — to the sixty myriads and three thousand five hundred and fifty.

Itemisation of v. 2: the per-capita basis of the silver levyδραχμὴ μία τῇ κεφαλῇ
v. 3 unpacks the silver figure of v. 2 by giving the levy's unit and the headcount: a single half-shekel (δραχμὴ μία = τὸ ἥμισυ τοῦ σίκλου) per registered male, multiplied across the census total of 603,550 men (cf. Exod 30:13–14; Num 1:46). The arithmetic confirms the hundred talents and 1,775 shekels of v. 2.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
δραχμὴdrachmaNominativesubject/heading (the levy-unit)→ participant prominenceδραχμή: 'drachma', a Greek coin/weight; here the LXX equates it with the half-shekel (τὸ ἥμισυ τοῦ σίκλου), translating the בֶּקַע ('beka', half-shekel) of the Hebrew census-tax into a familiar Hellenistic unit.
μίαoneNominativenumeral adjective (modifying δραχμή: 'one drachma')→ measure or countεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; feminine μία agrees with δραχμή; stresses the uniform single levy exacted from each head.
τῇthe / perDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλῇheadDativedistributive dative ('per head')→ sphere or referenceκεφαλή: 'head'; the distributive dative τῇ κεφαλῇ = 'per head / for each person', rendering the Hebrew לַגֻּלְגֹּלֶת ('by the poll'); the levy is a poll-tax assessed per individual.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with ἥμισυ, in apposition to δραχμή)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἥμισυhalfNominativeappositive (defining the drachma: 'the half of the shekel')→ participant prominenceἥμισυς, -εια, -υ: 'half'; neuter substantive τὸ ἥμισυ = 'the half'; the gloss τὸ ἥμισυ τοῦ σίκλου explains δραχμή as exactly half a shekel, the מַחֲצִית הַשֶּׁקֶל of Exod 30:13.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σίκλουof the shekelGenitivepartitive genitive (with ἥμισυ: 'half of the shekel')→ relational specificationσίκλος (gen.): the shekel of which the levy is one half; see v. 1.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (valuation standard)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'by / according to'; the same valuation formula as v. 1.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σίκλονshekelAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (the standard unit)→ object specificationσίκλος (acc.): see v. 1; κατὰ τὸν σίκλον τὸν ἅγιον fixes the levy by the sanctuary standard.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (attributive, second position)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅγιονholyAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying σίκλον)→ object specificationἅγιος: 'holy'; see v. 1.
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubstantival adjective (subject of the participial clause)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all / everyone'; πᾶς ὁ παραπορευόμενος ('everyone who passes over') defines the liable population — every male crossing into the census.
ὁtheNominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παραπορευόμενοςpassing over / crossing toPres Mid Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · παραπορεύομαιsubstantival participle ('the one who passes over to')→ customary present (whoever, on each occasion, passes into the count)παραπορεύομαι: 'pass by / pass over / cross'; renders עָבַר; the idiom 'everyone who passes over to the numbering' (cf. Exod 30:13–14, כֹּל הָעֹבֵר עַל הַפְּקֻדִים) pictures each man passing in review to be counted and pay his half-shekel.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπίσκεψινnumbering / censusAccusativeaccusative (goal/object of παραπορευόμενος: 'passes over to the numbering')→ object specificationἐπίσκεψις: 'inspection / mustering / census'; cognate with ἐπισκέπτομαι (v. 2, ἐπεσκεμμένων); renders פְּקֻדִּים / מִפְקָד; the formal census by which the levy was assessed.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (lower age-limit)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό + gen.: 'from'; with the following genitive marks the minimum census age.
εἰκοσαετοῦςtwenty years oldGenitivegenitive (with ἀπό: 'from twenty years old')→ relational specificationεἰκοσαετής: 'twenty years old'; compound adjective (εἴκοσι + ἔτος); renders מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה; the threshold of military and fiscal majority (cf. Num 1:3; Exod 30:14).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάνωupward / aboveadverb (extending the age-range: 'and upward')→ clausal contributionἐπάνω: 'above / upward'; the formula ἀπὸ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω ('from twenty years old and upward') renders מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה, the standard census-eligibility clause.
εἰςto / amounting topreposition + accusative (resultant total of the count)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς + acc.: here 'amounting to / coming to' — introduces the census total reached.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with μυριάδας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑξήκονταsixtyindeclinable numeral (with μυριάδας: 'sixty myriads')→ measure or countἑξήκοντα: 'sixty'; indeclinable; ἑξήκοντα μυριάδες = 600,000.
μυριάδαςmyriadsAccusativeaccusative (with εἰς: the census total)→ object specificationμυριάς: 'myriad / ten thousand'; renders the large round numbers of the census; sixty myriads = 600,000, the core figure of the Exodus tally (cf. Exod 12:37; Num 1:46).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τρισχίλιοιthree thousandNominativenumeral adjective (remainder of the census total)→ participant prominenceτρισχίλιοι: 'three thousand'; the full census total 603,550 (600,000 + 3,000 + 500 + 50) matches Exod 38:26 and Num 1:46.
πεντακόσιοιfive hundredNominativenumeral adjective→ participant prominenceπεντακόσιοι: 'five hundred.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεντήκονταfiftyindeclinable numeral (final term: 603,550)→ measure or countπεντήκοντα: 'fifty'; indeclinable; completes the census total of 603,550 men.
4

καὶ ἐγενήθη τὰ ἑκατὸν τάλαντα τοῦ ἀργυρίου εἰς τὴν χώνευσιν τῶν ἑκατὸν κεφαλίδων τῆς σκηνῆς καὶ εἰς τὰς κεφαλίδας τοῦ καταπετάσματος ἑκατὸν κεφαλίδες εἰς τὰ ἑκατὸν τάλαντα τάλαντον τῇ κεφαλίδι

And the hundred talents of silver went into the casting of the hundred capitals of the tabernacle and for the capitals of the veil — a hundred capitals for the hundred talents, a talent per capital.

Application of the silver tally (v. 2) to its use: the cast socketsκαὶ ἐγενήθη
v. 4 tracks the hundred talents of silver (from v. 2) into their fabricated product: the cast bases/capitals of the tent and veil. The verse closes with a neat proportional formula — a hundred capitals for a hundred talents, one talent apiece — characteristic of the register's concern to show the accounts balance exactly.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶandnarrative/register conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγενήθηwent / was made intoAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (with εἰς: 'became / went into')→ constative aorist (the silver's disposition into its product)γίνομαι (aor. pass. ἐγενήθη): 'become / come to be'; with εἰς it means 'turned into / was used for'; the singular verb takes the neuter plural subject τὰ ἑκατὸν τάλαντα (standard Greek concord).
τὰtheNominativearticle (with τάλαντα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑκατὸνhundredindeclinable numeral (with τάλαντα)→ measure or countἑκατόν: 'hundred'; the hundred talents of silver of v. 2.
τάλανταtalentsNominativesubject (the silver being disposed)→ participant prominenceτάλαντον: 'talent'; see v. 1.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀργυρίουof silverGenitivegenitive of material (modifying τάλαντα)→ relational specificationἀργύριον (gen.): 'of silver'; see v. 2.
εἰςinto / forpreposition + accusative (result/purpose)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς + acc.: 'into / for' — the destined use of the silver.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χώνευσινcasting / foundingAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς ('into the casting')→ object specificationχώνευσις: 'smelting / casting / founding'; from χωνεύω ('cast metal'); renders the technical idea of יָצַק (casting molten metal into a mould); the silver was melted and cast into the foundation-blocks/capitals.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑκατὸνhundredindeclinable numeral (with κεφαλίδων)→ measure or countἑκατόν: 'hundred'; one hundred capitals/sockets cast from the hundred talents.
κεφαλίδωνcapitals / socketsGenitivegenitive (with χώνευσιν: 'casting of the capitals')→ relational specificationκεφαλίς: 'small head / capital / socket-base'; diminutive of κεφαλή; in the LXX tabernacle texts it renders אֶדֶן ('socket / base') — the silver foundation-blocks into which the boards' tenons fit (cf. Exod 26:19); the term also recurs for the pillar-capitals (v. 5).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςof the tabernacle / tentGenitivegenitive (of relationship: capitals 'of the tent')→ relational specificationσκηνή: 'tent / tabernacle'; renders מִשְׁכָּן / אֹהֶל; the dwelling-structure whose hundred sockets the silver provided.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (second purpose)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς + acc.: parallel to the first εἰς — a second use of the cast silver.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλίδαςcapitals / socketsAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς ('for the capitals of the veil')→ object specificationκεφαλίς (acc. pl.): see above; here the sockets/bases for the pillars from which the inner veil hung (cf. Exod 26:32).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταπετάσματοςof the veilGenitivegenitive (of relationship: 'the capitals of the veil')→ relational specificationκαταπέτασμα: 'curtain / veil'; renders פָּרֹכֶת; the screening curtain before the Holy of Holies, hung on pillars set in these silver sockets (cf. the same word in Heb 9:3; Matt 27:51).
ἑκατὸνhundredindeclinable numeral (with κεφαλίδες)→ measure or countἑκατόν: 'hundred'; opening the closing proportional formula.
κεφαλίδεςcapitals / socketsNominativenominative (in the proportional summary: 'a hundred capitals')→ participant prominenceκεφαλίς (nom. pl.): the summary count — a hundred sockets answering to the hundred talents.
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (correspondence: 'for / to the hundred talents')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς + acc.: here of proportional correspondence — a hundred capitals reckoned 'against' the hundred talents.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑκατὸνhundredindeclinable numeral (with τάλαντα)→ measure or countἑκατόν: 'hundred.'
τάλανταtalentsAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (the hundred talents matched)→ object specificationτάλαντον: 'talent'; see v. 1; the proportional balance: 100 capitals : 100 talents.
τάλαντονa talentNominativenominative (distributive summary: 'a talent per capital')→ participant prominenceτάλαντον: 'talent'; the closing phrase τάλαντον τῇ κεφαλίδι ('a talent per socket') makes the one-to-one proportion explicit — the accounts balance exactly.
τῇthe / perDativearticle (distributive)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλίδιcapital / socketDativedistributive dative ('per capital')→ sphere or referenceκεφαλίς (dat.): the distributive dative τῇ κεφαλίδι ('per socket') parallels τῇ κεφαλῇ ('per head') in v. 3 — both express the proportional allocation that makes the register tally.
5

καὶ τοὺς χιλίους ἑπτακοσίους ἑβδομήκοντα πέντε σίκλους ἐποίησαν εἰς τὰς ἀγκύλας τοῖς στύλοις καὶ κατεχρύσωσεν τὰς κεφαλίδας αὐτῶν καὶ κατεκόσμησεν αὐτούς

And the one thousand seven hundred seventy-five shekels they made into the hooks for the pillars, and he gilded their capitals and adorned them.

Application of the silver remainder (v. 2): the pillar-hooksκαὶ τοὺς χιλίους … σίκλους
Parallel to v. 4: where the hundred talents went into the cast sockets, the 1,775 shekels (the remainder of v. 2) are tracked into the hooks for the pillars. The verse shifts from plural ἐποίησαν ('they made', the workmen as a body) to singular κατεχρύσωσεν / κατεκόσμησεν, focusing on the master-craftsman's finishing work.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandregister conjunction (next allocation)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with σίκλους)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χιλίουςthousandAccusativenumeral adjective (with σίκλους)→ object specificationχίλιοι: 'a thousand'; the silver remainder of v. 2 (1,775 shekels), now in the accusative as the object worked into the hooks.
ἑπτακοσίουςseven hundredAccusativenumeral adjective→ object specificationἑπτακόσιοι: 'seven hundred.'
ἑβδομήκονταseventyindeclinable numeral→ measure or countἑβδομήκοντα: 'seventy'; indeclinable.
πέντεfiveindeclinable numeral (total: 1,775)→ measure or countπέντε: 'five'; the figure exactly reprises the shekel-remainder of v. 2 (1,775).
σίκλουςshekelsAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησαν (the silver worked into hooks)→ object specificationσίκλος (acc. pl.): see v. 1; these are the same 1,775 shekels of silver, now fashioned into the pillar-hardware.
ἐποίησανthey madeAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ποιέωmain verb (the workmen as collective subject)→ constative aorist (completed act of fabrication)ποιέω: 'make / do'; renders עָשָׂה; the third-plural ('they made') views the artisans collectively; ποιέω is the leitmotif verb of the construction account (cf. vv. 7, 10, 22, 23).
εἰςinto / forpreposition + accusative (result/product)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς + acc.: 'into / for' — the product made from the silver.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγκύλαςhooks / loopsAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς ('into the hooks')→ object specificationἀγκύλη: 'loop / hook / fastening'; renders וָו ('hook') and the related loops of the tabernacle hangings (cf. Exod 26:4–5); the silver fittings by which the curtains were hung from the pillars.
τοῖςthe / for theDativearticle (with στύλοις)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στύλοιςpillarsDativedative of advantage/destination ('for the pillars')→ sphere or referenceστῦλος: 'pillar / column'; renders עַמּוּד; the upright posts supporting the hangings, to which the silver hooks were attached; στῦλος recurs in the inventory at vv. 13, 19.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατεχρύσωσενhe gilded / overlaid with goldAor Act Indic 3 Sg · καταχρυσόωmain verb (singular: the master-craftsman's finishing)→ constative aorist (completed overlaying)καταχρυσόω: 'gild / overlay thoroughly with gold'; the perfective κατα- denotes complete covering; renders צִפָּה (זָהָב); the singular subject (Bezalel/the chief artisan implied) contrasts with the plural ἐποίησαν, narrowing to the skilled finishing of the capitals.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλίδαςcapitalsAccusativedirect object of κατεχρύσωσεν (the pillar-capitals gilded)→ object specificationκεφαλίς (acc. pl.): here the capitals/tops of the pillars (rather than the silver sockets of v. 4), which were overlaid with gold (cf. Exod 36:38).
αὐτῶνtheir / of themGenitivegenitive of possession (capitals 'of them', i.e. the pillars)→ relational specificationαὐτός: here the genitive plural referring back to the στύλοι — the pillars' own capitals.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατεκόσμησενhe adorned / set in orderAor Act Indic 3 Sg · κατακοσμέωmain verb (singular: the finishing adornment)→ constative aorist (completed adorning)κατακοσμέω: 'adorn / arrange / set in order thoroughly'; from κόσμος ('order / ornament'); the verb suggests both decorative beauty and orderly arrangement — the pillars are made both fitting and fair, a small echo of the ordering (κόσμος) of the sanctuary as a whole.
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object of κατεκόσμησεν (the pillars adorned)→ participant referenceαὐτός: masculine accusative plural referring to the στύλοι ('pillars') — he adorned them.
6

καὶ ὁ χαλκὸς τοῦ ἀφαιρέματος ἑβδομήκοντα τάλαντα καὶ χίλιοι πεντακόσιοι σίκλοι

And the bronze of the contribution: seventy talents and one thousand five hundred shekels.

Third register-entry: the bronze tally (parallel to gold v. 1 and silver v. 2)καὶ ὁ χαλκὸς τοῦ ἀφαιρέματος
The third and final metal of the register. The heading ὁ χαλκὸς τοῦ ἀφαιρέματος ('the bronze of the contribution') echoes the ἀφαίρεμα of v. 2, and the verbless accounting form continues: heading plus tally. The bronze, least precious of the three, supplies the structural and utilitarian fittings detailed in vv. 7–9.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandregister conjunction (next metal)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with χαλκός)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χαλκὸςbronze / copperNominativesubject/heading (the third metal)→ participant prominenceχαλκός: 'copper / bronze'; renders נְחֹשֶׁת; the third of the sanctuary metals; used for the outer-court and altar fittings — items of service rather than of the inner glory.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφαιρέματοςof the contributionGenitivegenitive (defining the bronze: 'of the offering')→ relational specificationἀφαίρεμα (gen.): 'contribution / set-apart portion'; see v. 2; binds the bronze entry to the gold and silver as part of the one consecrated levy.
ἑβδομήκονταseventyindeclinable numeral (with τάλαντα)→ measure or countἑβδομήκοντα: 'seventy'; indeclinable; seventy talents of bronze.
τάλανταtalentsNominativepredicate nominative (the bronze tally)→ participant prominenceτάλαντον: 'talent'; see v. 1.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χίλιοιthousandNominativenumeral adjective (with σίκλοι)→ measure or countχίλιοι: 'a thousand.'
πεντακόσιοιfive hundredNominativenumeral adjective (with σίκλοι: total 1,500)→ participant prominenceπεντακόσιοι: 'five hundred'; the full bronze figure: seventy talents and 1,500 shekels (matching MT 38:29).
σίκλοιshekelsNominativepredicate nominative (shekel-remainder of the bronze tally)→ participant prominenceσίκλος: 'shekel'; see v. 1.
7

καὶ ἐποίησεν ἐξ αὐτοῦ τὰς βάσεις τῆς θύρας τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου

And he made from it the bases of the door of the tent of witness,

Use of the bronze: the first product (sockets of the tent-door)καὶ ἐποίησεν ἐξ αὐτοῦ
As with the silver (v. 4), the register now tracks the bronze into its products. ἐξ αὐτοῦ ('from it', i.e. the bronze of v. 6) heads a list of bronze items that runs through v. 9; the singular ἐποίησεν resumes the master-craftsman as subject. This verse names the first item: the bronze bases of the tent-door.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandregister conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενhe madeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (singular craftsman-subject)→ constative aorist (completed fabrication)ποιέω: 'make'; see v. 5; the singular governs the whole bronze list of vv. 7–9 (the chief artisan), with the items strung in accusative apposition.
ἐξout of / frompreposition + genitive (material source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ + gen.: 'out of'; ἐξ αὐτοῦ ('out of it') = from the bronze of v. 6; the genitive of material.
αὐτοῦitGenitivegenitive (with ἐξ: 'from it', the bronze)→ relational specificationαὐτός: masculine genitive referring to ὁ χαλκός (v. 6) — the bronze is the material out of which the following items were made.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βάσειςbases / socketsAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησεν→ object specificationβάσις: 'base / pedestal / socket'; renders אֶדֶן; here the bronze foundation-blocks (distinct from the silver κεφαλίδες of v. 4) for the pillars of the tent-door; βάσεις recurs through v. 8 and in the inventory (v. 13).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θύραςof the doorGenitivegenitive (of relationship: 'bases of the door')→ relational specificationθύρα: 'door / entrance'; renders פֶּתַח; the entrance of the tent, whose screening curtain hung on pillars set in these bronze bases.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςof the tentGenitivegenitive (defining the door: 'door of the tent')→ relational specificationσκηνή: 'tent / tabernacle'; see v. 4.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof witness / testimonyGenitivegenitive (of definition: 'tent of witness')→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: 'witness / testimony'; ἡ σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου ('the tent of witness') is the standard LXX rendering of אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד ('tent of meeting'); the LXX reads מוֹעֵד as though from עֵד ('witness'), construing the tent as the place of the divine testimony (the tablets); the title recurs at vv. 9, 21, 23.
8

καὶ τὰς βάσεις τῆς αὐλῆς κύκλῳ καὶ τὰς βάσεις τῆς πύλης τῆς αὐλῆς καὶ τοὺς πασσάλους τῆς σκηνῆς καὶ τοὺς πασσάλους τῆς αὐλῆς κύκλῳ

and the bases of the courtyard round about, and the bases of the gate of the courtyard, and the pegs of the tent, and the pegs of the courtyard round about,

Continuation of the bronze list (still governed by ἐποίησεν of v. 7)καὶ τὰς βάσεις τῆς αὐλῆς
The bronze inventory continues in accusative apposition under ἐποίησεν (v. 7): courtyard bases, gate bases, and the tent- and courtyard-pegs. The repeated κύκλῳ ('round about') and the courtyard/gate pairing emphasise the perimeter of the sacred enclosure — the bronze marks the boundary between holy and common space.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list item)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βάσειςbases / socketsAccusativeaccusative (still object of ἐποίησεν, v. 7)→ object specificationβάσις: 'base / socket'; see v. 7; the bronze sockets for the posts surrounding the courtyard.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐλῆςof the courtyardGenitivegenitive (of relationship: 'bases of the courtyard')→ relational specificationαὐλή: 'court / courtyard / enclosure'; renders חָצֵר; the open enclosure around the tabernacle, bounded by hangings on bronze-socketed posts.
κύκλῳround about / all aroundadverb (dative of manner, used adverbially: 'all around')→ clausal contributionκύκλῳ: 'in a circle / round about'; adverbial dative of κύκλος; renders סָבִיב; marks the encircling perimeter of the courtyard.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βάσειςbasesAccusativeaccusative (object of ἐποίησεν)→ object specificationβάσις: 'base'; see v. 7; the sockets for the posts of the courtyard gate.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πύληςof the gateGenitivegenitive (of relationship: 'gate of the courtyard')→ relational specificationπύλη: 'gate / entrance'; renders שַׁעַר; the single entrance into the courtyard, distinct from the θύρα ('door') of the tent itself (v. 7).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐλῆςof the courtyardGenitivegenitive (defining the gate)→ relational specificationαὐλή: 'courtyard'; see above.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πασσάλουςpegs / stakesAccusativeaccusative (object of ἐποίησεν)→ object specificationπάσσαλος: 'peg / tent-pin / stake'; renders יָתֵד; the bronze pegs that anchored the tent and courtyard hangings to the ground; recurs in the inventory at v. 21.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςof the tentGenitivegenitive (of relationship: 'pegs of the tent')→ relational specificationσκηνή: 'tent'; see v. 4.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πασσάλουςpegs / stakesAccusativeaccusative (object of ἐποίησεν)→ object specificationπάσσαλος: 'peg'; see above; the courtyard pegs, paralleling the tent-pegs.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐλῆςof the courtyardGenitivegenitive (of relationship)→ relational specificationαὐλή: 'courtyard'; see above.
κύκλῳround about / all aroundadverb (closing the courtyard-perimeter list)→ clausal contributionκύκλῳ: 'round about'; see above; the repeated κύκλῳ frames the whole bronze enclosure.
9

καὶ τὸ παράθεμα τὸ χαλκοῦν τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου καὶ πάντα τὰ σκεύη τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου καὶ πάντα τὰ ἐργαλεῖα τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου

and the bronze grating of the altar, and all the vessels of the altar, and all the implements of the tent of witness.

Conclusion of the bronze list (final items under ἐποίησεν of v. 7)καὶ τὸ παράθεμα τὸ χαλκοῦν
The bronze inventory closes with the altar's bronze grating and its vessels, then sweeps up 'all the implements of the tent of witness' — a summarising πάντα that rounds off the metals register. The pivot from itemised list to comprehensive πάντα prepares for the completion-refrain of v. 10.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list item)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παράθεμαgrating / border-frameAccusativeaccusative (still object of ἐποίησεν, v. 7)→ object specificationπαράθεμα: 'that which is set alongside / grating / border'; renders מִכְבָּר ('grating / network') or מִסְגֶּרֶת ('rim'); the bronze latticework set around/below the altar of burnt offering (cf. Exod 27:4; 38:4).
τὸtheAccusativearticle (attributive, with χαλκοῦν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χαλκοῦνbronze / of bronzeAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying παράθεμα: 'the bronze grating')→ object specificationχαλκοῦς, -ῆ, -οῦν: 'made of bronze'; adjective from χαλκός (v. 6); specifies the grating's material, fitting for the altar that stood in the open courtyard.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστηρίουof the altarGenitivegenitive (of relationship: 'grating of the altar')→ relational specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar / place of sacrifice'; a LXX coinage from θυσία ('sacrifice'), the standard rendering of מִזְבֵּחַ; here the bronze altar of burnt offering in the courtyard (recurring in the inventory at v. 15).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying σκεύη)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; neuter πάντα with σκεύη; the summarising 'all' begins to round off the list.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκεύηvessels / utensilsAccusativeaccusative (object of ἐποίησεν)→ object specificationσκεῦος (pl. σκεύη): 'vessel / utensil / equipment'; renders כְּלִי; the altar's bronze service-vessels — pans, shovels, basins, forks, firepans (cf. Exod 27:3).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστηρίουof the altarGenitivegenitive (of relationship: 'vessels of the altar')→ relational specificationθυσιαστήριον (gen.): see above.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἐργαλεῖα)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the second summarising πάντα, sweeping up every remaining bronze tool.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐργαλεῖαimplements / toolsAccusativeaccusative (object of ἐποίησεν)→ object specificationἐργαλεῖον: 'tool / implement / instrument of work'; cognate with ἔργον / ἐργασία (v. 1); the working-instruments and fittings of the sanctuary; recurs at vv. 19, 21, again binding the chapter by its ἔργ- vocabulary.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςof the tentGenitivegenitive (of relationship)→ relational specificationσκηνή: 'tent'; see v. 4.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof witnessGenitivegenitive (defining the tent: 'tent of witness')→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: 'witness / testimony'; see v. 7; ἡ σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου = 'tent of meeting/witness.'
10

καὶ ἐποίησαν οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ καθὰ συνέταξεν κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ οὕτως ἐποίησαν

And the sons of Israel did just as the LORD directed Moses; so they did.

Obedience-refrain closing the metals register (first occurrence)καὶ ἐποίησαν οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ
v. 10 is the first full statement of the chapter's signature obedience-formula: καθὰ συνέταξεν κύριος … οὕτως ἐποίησαν ('just as the LORD directed … so they did'), which recurs at vv. 22–23. Bracketing ἐποίησαν … ἐποίησαν frames the whole as a closed act of conformity; the formula is the construction-account's counterpart to the creation refrain 'and it was so' (καὶ ἐγένετο οὕτως, Gen 1).
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησανthey did / madeAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ποιέωmain verb (the people as collective subject)→ constative aorist (the completed obedient act)ποιέω: 'do / make'; see v. 5; here in the obedience-refrain, 'they did' = they carried out the work in full conformity to the command.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with υἱοί)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject ('the sons of Israel')→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ ('the sons of Israel') is the fixed LXX rendering of בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, the covenant people as a corporate body — here the obedient builders.
ΙσραηλIsraelindeclinable proper noun (genitive sense: 'of Israel')→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliteration of Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל; indeclinable in the LXX; here functioning as a genitive ('the sons of Israel'), the people descended from the patriarch.
καθὰjust as / according ascomparative conjunction (introducing the standard of obedience)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθά: 'just as / according as' (κατά + ἅ); renders כַּאֲשֶׁר; introduces the divine command as the measure to which the work conformed.
συνέταξενdirected / commandedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συντάσσωverb of comparative clause (the divine directive)→ constative aorist (the issued command as a settled fact)συντάσσω: 'arrange together / direct / give orders'; renders צִוָּה ('command'); the key verb of the obedience-formula (vv. 10, 22, 23); the compound συν- suggests an ordered, complete arrangement — the work matches the divine 'design' exactly.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of συνέταξεν (the commanding God)→ participant prominenceκύριος: the standard LXX rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the divine name as the source of the design that the work fulfils.
τῷthe / toDativearticle (with Μωυσῇ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜωυσῇMosesDativeindirect object of συνέταξεν ('directed Moses')→ sphere or referenceΜωυσῆς: transliteration of Hebrew מֹשֶׁה; declined as a first/third-declension noun in the LXX (dat. Μωυσῇ); the mediator to whom the command was given and through whom it reaches the people.
οὕτωςso / thusadverb (resumptive: 'so they did')→ adverbial qualificationοὕτως: 'thus / in this way'; renders כֵּן; the correlative to καθά — 'just as … so'; the οὕτως ἐποίησαν tag stamps the work as exactly conformed to the command (cf. καὶ ἐγένετο οὕτως, Gen 1).
ἐποίησανthey didAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ποιέωmain verb (resumptive: closing the obedience-bracket)→ constative aorist (the conforming act restated)ποιέω: 'do'; the repetition ἐποίησαν … οὕτως ἐποίησαν forms an inclusio of obedience around the comparative clause, a Hebraistic emphatic restatement (cf. Exod 7:6; 12:28).
11

τὸ δὲ λοιπὸν χρυσίον τοῦ ἀφαιρέματος ἐποίησαν σκεύη εἰς τὸ λειτουργεῖν ἐν αὐτοῖς ἔναντι κυρίου

And the remaining gold of the contribution they made into vessels for ministering with them before the LORD.

New sub-topic: disposition of the surplus gold (δέ-shift)τὸ δὲ λοιπὸν χρυσίον
δέ marks a turn from the structural metals to the surplus materials. The 'remaining gold' (τὸ λοιπὸν χρυσίον) beyond what the works required is consecrated to liturgical vessels — the leftover of the freewill offering is not discarded but devoted εἰς τὸ λειτουργεῖν ('for ministering'). The articular infinitive of purpose anticipates the priestly-service theme of v. 12.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with χρυσίον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲand / nownarrative continuative (post-positive, topic-shift)→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: post-positive particle; marks the shift from the structural-metals register to the disposition of the leftover materials.
λοιπὸνremaining / rest ofAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying χρυσίον: 'the remaining gold')→ object specificationλοιπός: 'remaining / rest'; renders יֶתֶר / נוֹתָר; the surplus gold beyond the structural requirements; cf. the parallel καταλειφθεῖσαν ('left over') of v. 12 — the chapter twice notes the consecration of the freewill surplus.
χρυσίονgoldAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησαν (fronted)→ object specificationχρυσίον: 'gold'; see v. 1; here the surplus gold, the object made into vessels.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφαιρέματοςof the contributionGenitivegenitive (defining the gold: 'gold of the offering')→ relational specificationἀφαίρεμα (gen.): 'contribution / offering'; see v. 2; the surplus is still 'of the contribution' — consecrated material, hence devoted to sacred use.
ἐποίησανthey madeAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ποιέωmain verb (the workmen as subject)→ constative aorist (completed fabrication)ποιέω: 'make'; see v. 5; with double accusative (gold … vessels): 'they made the gold into vessels.'
σκεύηvesselsAccusativepredicate accusative (the product: 'into vessels')→ object specificationσκεῦος (pl. σκεύη): 'vessel / utensil'; see v. 9; here the golden service-vessels for use in the sanctuary.
εἰςforpreposition + articular infinitive (purpose)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς + articular infinitive: a standard Greek purpose construction — 'for the purpose of ministering.'
τὸtheAccusativearticle (governing the infinitive)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λειτουργεῖνto minister / to servePres Act Inf · λειτουργέωarticular infinitive of purpose (object of εἰς)→ imperfective present infinitive (ongoing cultic service)λειτουργέω: 'perform public/cultic service / minister'; renders שֵׁרֵת ('serve / minister'); the technical LXX verb for priestly liturgy (whence English 'liturgy'); the present aspect frames the ministering as the vessels' continual purpose.
ἐνwith / inpreposition + dative (instrumental: 'with them')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: here instrumental/locative — 'in / with them' (the vessels), the means of ministering.
αὐτοῖςthemDativedative (with ἐν: instrumental, referring to the vessels)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: dative plural referring to the σκεύη — the vessels are the instruments of service.
ἔναντιbefore / in the presence ofpreposition + genitive (location of service)→ spatial or relational framingἔναντι: 'before / in the presence of'; renders לִפְנֵי; locates the ministry coram Deo — the vessels serve in the LORD's own presence, marking their consecrated status.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἔναντι ('before the LORD')→ relational specificationκύριος (gen.): rendering of יהוה; the divine presence before whom the cultic ministry is performed.
12

καὶ τὴν καταλειφθεῖσαν ὑάκινθον καὶ πορφύραν καὶ τὸ κόκκινον ἐποίησαν στολὰς λειτουργικὰς Ααρων ὥστε λειτουργεῖν ἐν αὐταῖς ἐν τῷ ἁγίῳ

And the leftover blue and purple and the scarlet they made into ministering garments for Aaron, so as to minister in them in the holy place.

Parallel to v. 11: the surplus dyed yarn made into vestmentsκαὶ τὴν καταλειφθεῖσαν ὑάκινθον
Parallel in form to v. 11 (surplus material → sacred use): where the leftover gold became vessels, the leftover dyed wools become Aaron's vestments. The triad ὑάκινθος / πορφύρα / κόκκινον is the standard tabernacle colour-set; ὥστε λειτουργεῖν echoes εἰς τὸ λειτουργεῖν (v. 11), binding the two surplus-consecration notices into a matched pair before the inventory begins (v. 13).
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (parallel to v. 11)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with ὑάκινθον)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταλειφθεῖσανleft over / remainingAor Pass Ptcp Acc Sg Fem · καταλείπωattributive participle (modifying ὑάκινθον: 'the leftover blue')→ constative aorist passive participle (what was left after the works)καταλείπω: 'leave behind / leave remaining'; the aorist passive participle denotes the dyed wool 'left over' once the hangings were made; synonymous in force with λοιπόν (v. 11) — both surpluses are devoted to sacred ends.
ὑάκινθονblue / hyacinthAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησαν (first of three materials)→ object specificationὑάκινθος: 'hyacinth / blue-violet (dyed wool)'; renders תְּכֵלֶת; the blue-purple wool, first of the three sacred dye-colours of the tabernacle textiles.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πορφύρανpurpleAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησαν (second material)→ object specificationπορφύρα: 'purple (dyed wool)'; renders אַרְגָּמָן; the red-purple wool, the most costly dye, associated with royalty; the second of the colour-triad.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with κόκκινον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κόκκινονscarletAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησαν (third material)→ object specificationκόκκινος (neut. τὸ κόκκινον): 'scarlet / crimson'; renders שָׁנִי / תּוֹלַעַת שָׁנִי ('crimson worm-dye'); the third of the sacred colours; the triad blue/purple/scarlet is the fixed LXX rendering of the tabernacle dye-set (cf. Exod 25:4; 26:1).
ἐποίησανthey madeAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ποιέωmain verb (double accusative: 'made … into garments')→ constative aorist (completed fabrication)ποιέω: 'make'; see v. 5; with double accusative (the wools … garments) — 'they made [the wools] into ministering garments.'
στολὰςgarments / robesAccusativepredicate accusative (the product: 'into garments')→ object specificationστολή: 'robe / garment / vestment'; renders בֶּגֶד / מַד; the priestly vestments; στολή recurs through the inventory (vv. 13, 18) as the leading sacral-garment term.
λειτουργικὰςministering / liturgicalAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying στολάς: 'ministering garments')→ object specificationλειτουργικός: 'pertaining to (cultic) service / liturgical'; cognate with λειτουργέω (v. 11) and λειτουργεῖν (below); specifies the vestments as the official dress of priestly ministry (cf. Exod 31:10; 35:19).
ΑαρωνAaronindeclinable proper noun (genitive/dative sense: 'for Aaron')→ participant identificationΑαρων: transliteration of Hebrew אַהֲרֹן; indeclinable in the LXX; here in a possessive/dative sense — the vestments are 'Aaron's', for the high priest's ministry.
ὥστεso as to / in order toconjunction + infinitive (result/purpose)→ discourse linkage or contrastὥστε: 'so that / so as to'; with the infinitive expresses purpose/intended result — the vestments are made in order that Aaron may minister in them.
λειτουργεῖνto ministerPres Act Inf · λειτουργέωinfinitive of purpose/result (with ὥστε)→ imperfective present infinitive (ongoing priestly service)λειτουργέω: 'minister / perform cultic service'; see v. 11; the echo εἰς τὸ λειτουργεῖν (v. 11) / ὥστε λειτουργεῖν (v. 12) ties the two surplus-consecration notices together.
ἐνin / withpreposition + dative (instrumental: 'in them')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: 'in / with'; the vestments as that 'in which' Aaron ministers.
αὐταῖςthemDativedative (with ἐν: referring to the στολαί)→ sphere or referenceαὐτός: feminine dative plural referring to the στολάς ('garments') — the vestments worn during ministry.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative: 'in the holy place')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: locative — the place of ministry.
τῷtheDativearticle (with ἁγίῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίῳholy place / sanctuaryDativesubstantival adjective (locative: 'in the holy place')→ sphere or referenceἅγιος (neut. substantive τὸ ἅγιον): 'the holy place / sanctuary'; renders קֹדֶשׁ; the consecrated interior where the priestly liturgy is performed; the locative seals the vestments' sacral function.
13

καὶ ἤνεγκαν τὰς στολὰς πρὸς Μωυσῆν καὶ τὴν σκηνὴν καὶ τὰ σκεύη αὐτῆς καὶ τὰς βάσεις καὶ τοὺς μοχλοὺς αὐτῆς καὶ τοὺς στύλους

And they brought the garments to Moses, and the tabernacle and its vessels, and the bases and its bars and the pillars,

New movement: the finished work brought to Moses (head of the inventory, vv. 13–21)καὶ ἤνεγκαν … πρὸς Μωυσῆν
ἤνεγκαν … πρὸς Μωυσῆν ('they brought … to Moses') opens the great presentation-inventory (vv. 13–21): everything made is carried to Moses for inspection. The single verb ἤνεγκαν governs a long accusative catalogue running to v. 21; this verse lists the tent-structure itself (tent, vessels, bases, bars, pillars). The bringing-to-Moses sets up his inspection and blessing in vv. 22–23.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (new movement)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤνεγκανthey broughtAor Act Indic 3 Pl · φέρωmain verb (governs the whole inventory, vv. 13–21)→ constative aorist (the act of presentation)φέρω (aor. ἤνεγκαν): 'bring / carry / bear'; renders הֵבִיא (Hiphil of בּוֹא); the verb of formal presentation — the completed work is brought before Moses as overseer, as offerings are 'brought' to the sanctuary (cf. Exod 35:21–29).
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στολὰςgarmentsAccusativedirect object of ἤνεγκαν (first item brought)→ object specificationστολή: 'garment / vestment'; see v. 12; the priestly vestments just made (vv. 12) head the list of presented items.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction: 'to Moses')→ spatial or relational framingπρός + acc.: 'to / toward'; marks Moses as the recipient before whom the work is brought.
ΜωυσῆνMosesAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (recipient of the presentation)→ object specificationΜωυσῆς: transliteration of Hebrew מֹשֶׁה; declined in the LXX (acc. Μωυσῆν); Moses receives and inspects the finished work as YHWH's overseer of the construction.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (next item)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνὴνtent / tabernacleAccusativeaccusative (object of ἤνεγκαν)→ object specificationσκηνή: 'tent / tabernacle'; see v. 4; the dwelling-structure itself, brought with all its parts.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκεύηvessels / furnishingsAccusativeaccusative (object of ἤνεγκαν)→ object specificationσκεῦος (pl. σκεύη): 'vessel / furnishing / equipment'; see v. 9; here the tent's furnishings.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession (the tent's vessels)→ relational specificationαὐτός: feminine genitive referring to ἡ σκηνή — the tent's own furnishings.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βάσειςbases / socketsAccusativeaccusative (object of ἤνεγκαν)→ object specificationβάσις: 'base / socket'; see v. 7; the foundation-sockets of the tent's frame.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μοχλοὺςbars / crossbarsAccusativeaccusative (object of ἤνεγκαν)→ object specificationμοχλός: 'bar / bolt / crossbar'; renders בְּרִיחַ; the horizontal bars that ran through rings to bind the tabernacle boards into a rigid frame (cf. Exod 26:26–29).
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession (the tent's bars)→ relational specificationαὐτός: feminine genitive referring to ἡ σκηνή — the tent's own crossbars.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στύλουςpillarsAccusativeaccusative (object of ἤνεγκαν)→ object specificationστῦλος: 'pillar / column'; see v. 5; the upright posts of the tent-frame, brought with their bases and bars.
14

καὶ τὴν κιβωτὸν τῆς διαθήκης καὶ τοὺς διωστῆρας αὐτῆς

and the ark of the covenant and its carrying-poles,

Continuation of the inventory (object of ἤνεγκαν, v. 13)καὶ τὴν κιβωτὸν τῆς διαθήκης
The inventory advances to the most sacred furnishing: the ark of the covenant with its carrying-poles. The brevity of the entry sets the holiest object apart by understatement; it stands at the centre of the catalogue, the focal point of the whole sanctuary.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (next inventory item)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κιβωτὸνark / chestAccusativeaccusative (object of ἤνεγκαν, v. 13)→ object specificationκιβωτός: 'box / chest / ark'; renders אֲרוֹן; the same word used for Noah's ark (Gen 6–8); here the gold-covered chest of the covenant, the throne-footstool of the divine presence.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διαθήκηςof the covenantGenitivegenitive (of relationship: 'ark of the covenant')→ relational specificationδιαθήκη: 'covenant / testament / disposition'; renders בְּרִית; ἡ κιβωτὸς τῆς διαθήκης ('the ark of the covenant') houses the tablets of the testimony, the covenant document; διαθήκη is the great LXX term taken up in NT covenant theology (cf. Heb 9:4).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διωστῆραςcarrying-poles / bearing-stavesAccusativeaccusative (object of ἤνεγκαν)→ object specificationδιωστήρ: 'carrying-pole / bearing-bar' (from διωθέω, 'push through'); renders בַּד ('pole / stave'); the poles passed through the ark's rings for transport, by which the ark was borne without being touched (cf. Exod 25:13–15).
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession (the ark's poles)→ relational specificationαὐτός: feminine genitive referring to ἡ κιβωτός — the ark's own bearing-poles.
15

καὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον καὶ πάντα τὰ σκεύη αὐτοῦ καὶ τὸ ἔλαιον τῆς χρίσεως καὶ τὸ θυμίαμα τῆς συνθέσεως

and the altar and all its vessels, and the oil of anointing and the incense of compounding,

Continuation of the inventory (object of ἤνεγκαν, v. 13)καὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον
The catalogue continues with the altar and its vessels, then the two consecrating substances — the anointing oil and the compounded incense (cf. Exod 30:22–38). These holy mixtures, themselves products of skilled craft (συνθέσεως, 'of compounding'), belong to the inventory of finished sacred work.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (next item)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarAccusativeaccusative (object of ἤνεγκαν, v. 13)→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar'; see v. 9; brought with its vessels into the inventory before Moses.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying σκεύη)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the summarising πάντα τὰ σκεύη ('all its vessels') gathers the altar's full set of implements.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκεύηvesselsAccusativeaccusative (object of ἤνεγκαν)→ object specificationσκεῦος (pl. σκεύη): 'vessel / utensil'; see v. 9; the altar's service-vessels.
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive of possession (the altar's vessels)→ relational specificationαὐτός: neuter/masculine genitive referring to τὸ θυσιαστήριον — the altar's own vessels.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔλαιονoilAccusativeaccusative (object of ἤνεγκαν)→ object specificationἔλαιον: 'olive oil'; renders שֶׁמֶן; here the holy anointing oil; ἔλαιον recurs at v. 16 (the oil of the light).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρίσεωςof anointingGenitivegenitive (defining the oil: 'oil of anointing')→ relational specificationχρῖσις: 'anointing / smearing'; from χρίω ('anoint'); renders מִשְׁחָה; τὸ ἔλαιον τῆς χρίσεως is the consecrating oil for priests and furnishings (cf. Exod 30:25); the χρι- root underlies χριστός ('anointed one').
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυμίαμαincenseAccusativeaccusative (object of ἤνεγκαν)→ object specificationθυμίαμα: 'incense / fragrant offering'; from θυμιάω ('burn incense'); renders קְטֹרֶת; the holy incense burned on the golden altar (cf. Exod 30:34–38).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συνθέσεωςof compounding / compositionGenitivegenitive (defining the incense: 'incense of the compounding')→ relational specificationσύνθεσις: 'putting-together / compounding / composition'; from συντίθημι; renders the idea of the skilfully blended (מַעֲשֵׂה רֹקֵחַ, 'work of the perfumer') incense; underscores that even the fragrance was a crafted 'work' of the sanctuary.
16

καὶ τὴν λυχνίαν τὴν καθαρὰν καὶ τοὺς λύχνους αὐτῆς λύχνους τῆς καύσεως καὶ τὸ ἔλαιον τοῦ φωτὸς

and the pure lampstand and its lamps, lamps of the burning, and the oil of the light,

Continuation of the inventory (object of ἤνεγκαν, v. 13)καὶ τὴν λυχνίαν τὴν καθαρὰν
The inventory reaches the golden lampstand with its lamps and the oil that fuels them. The epithet καθαρά ('pure') marks the lampstand of pure gold (cf. Exod 25:31, 39); the appositional λύχνους τῆς καύσεως ('lamps of the burning') and τὸ ἔλαιον τοῦ φωτός ('the oil of the light') gather the whole illumination apparatus of the holy place.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (next item)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λυχνίανlampstandAccusativeaccusative (object of ἤνεγκαν, v. 13)→ object specificationλυχνία: 'lampstand'; renders מְנוֹרָה (menorah); the seven-branched golden lampstand of the holy place (cf. Exod 25:31–40); the word recurs in NT temple-imagery (Rev 1:12).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (attributive, with καθαράν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καθαρὰνpureAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying λυχνίαν: 'the pure lampstand')→ object specificationκαθαρός: 'pure / clean'; renders טָהוֹר; here 'of pure gold' — the lampstand made of unalloyed gold (cf. ἡ λυχνία ἡ καθαρά, Exod 31:8); the epithet marks both material purity and ritual fitness.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λύχνουςlampsAccusativeaccusative (object of ἤνεγκαν)→ object specificationλύχνος: 'lamp'; renders נֵר; the individual oil-lamps set on the lampstand's branches (cf. Exod 25:37).
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession (the lampstand's lamps)→ relational specificationαὐτός: feminine genitive referring to ἡ λυχνία — the lampstand's own lamps.
λύχνουςlampsAccusativeaccusative in apposition (defining the lamps: 'lamps of the burning')→ object specificationλύχνος: 'lamp'; the appositional repetition λύχνους τῆς καύσεως specifies them as the lamps kept burning continually before the LORD (cf. Exod 27:20–21).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καύσεωςof the burningGenitivegenitive (defining the lamps: 'lamps of the burning')→ relational specificationκαῦσις: 'burning / combustion'; from καίω ('burn / kindle'); λύχνους τῆς καύσεως = the lamps for kindling/burning, the perpetually-lit lamps; underscores the ongoing illumination of the holy place.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔλαιονoilAccusativeaccusative (object of ἤνεγκαν)→ object specificationἔλαιον: 'oil'; see v. 15; here the lamp-oil, the pure beaten olive oil for the light (cf. Exod 27:20).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φωτὸςof the lightGenitivegenitive (defining the oil: 'oil of the light')→ relational specificationφῶς: 'light'; renders מָאוֹר ('luminary / light-source'); τὸ ἔλαιον τοῦ φωτός = the oil for the light (cf. Exod 35:14); the lampstand's light is the sanctuary's standing illumination, a small echo of the creation of light (Gen 1:3).
17

καὶ τὴν τράπεζαν τῆς προθέσεως καὶ πάντα τὰ αὐτῆς σκεύη καὶ τοὺς ἄρτους τοὺς προκειμένους

and the table of presentation and all its vessels, and the loaves that are set forth,

Continuation of the inventory (object of ἤνεγκαν, v. 13)καὶ τὴν τράπεζαν τῆς προθέσεως
The inventory adds the table of the Presence with its vessels and the bread of the Presence (οἱ ἄρτοι οἱ προκειμένοι, 'the loaves that are set out'). The technical pairing τράπεζα τῆς προθέσεως / ἄρτοι προκείμενοι renders the 'showbread' complex of לֶחֶם הַפָּנִים, the continual offering set before the LORD.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (next item)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τράπεζανtableAccusativeaccusative (object of ἤνεγκαν, v. 13)→ object specificationτράπεζα: 'table'; renders שֻׁלְחָן; the gold-overlaid table of the holy place on which the bread of the Presence was set (cf. Exod 25:23–30).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προθέσεωςof presentation / setting-forthGenitivegenitive (defining the table: 'table of presentation')→ relational specificationπρόθεσις: 'a setting-forth / presentation / purpose'; from προτίθημι ('set before'); ἡ τράπεζα τῆς προθέσεως renders שֻׁלְחַן הַפָּנִים, 'the table of the Presence' (the showbread table); the same noun is used theologically of God's 'purpose' in the NT (Rom 8:28).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying σκεύη)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; gathers the table's full set of vessels.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession (attributive between article and noun: 'its vessels')→ noun-phrase markingαὐτός: feminine genitive referring to ἡ τράπεζα; the attributive position πάντα τὰ αὐτῆς σκεύη ('all its vessels') is a tidy Greek word-order, the possessive enclosed within the article-noun bracket.
σκεύηvesselsAccusativeaccusative (object of ἤνεγκαν)→ object specificationσκεῦος (pl. σκεύη): 'vessel'; see v. 9; the table's dishes, pans, bowls, and libation-cups (cf. Exod 25:29).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρτουςloaves / breadAccusativeaccusative (object of ἤνεγκαν)→ object specificationἄρτος: 'bread / loaf'; renders לֶחֶם; the twelve loaves of the Presence set out continually on the table (cf. Lev 24:5–9).
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (attributive, with the participle)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προκειμένουςset forth / displayedPres Mid Ptcp Acc Pl Masc · πρόκειμαιattributive participle (modifying ἄρτους: 'the loaves that are set out')→ imperfective present participle (loaves in their standing, displayed state)πρόκειμαι: 'be set before / lie exposed / be displayed'; cognate with πρόθεσις above; οἱ ἄρτοι οἱ προκείμενοι = 'the loaves laid out (before the LORD)', the showbread; the present participle marks their continual, standing presentation.
18

καὶ τὰς στολὰς τοῦ ἁγίου αἵ εἰσιν Ααρων καὶ τὰς στολὰς τῶν υἱῶν αὐτοῦ εἰς τὴν ἱερατείαν

and the garments of the sanctuary which are Aaron's, and the garments of his sons for the priesthood,

Continuation of the inventory (object of ἤνεγκαν, v. 13)καὶ τὰς στολὰς τοῦ ἁγίου
The catalogue returns to the vestments, now distinguishing the high-priestly garments (Aaron's) from those of his sons, both εἰς τὴν ἱερατείαν ('for the priesthood'). The relative clause αἵ εἰσιν Ααρων ('which are Aaron's') is a Hebraic possessive idiom assigning the holy garments specifically to the high priest.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (next item)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στολὰςgarmentsAccusativeaccusative (object of ἤνεγκαν, v. 13)→ object specificationστολή: 'garment / vestment'; see v. 12; here the holy vestments of the high priest.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίουof the sanctuary / holy placeGenitivegenitive (defining the garments: 'garments of the sanctuary')→ relational specificationἅγιος (substantive τὸ ἅγιον): 'holy place / sanctuary'; see v. 12; αἱ στολαὶ τοῦ ἁγίου = 'the holy/sanctuary garments', the consecrated vestments for service in the holy place (cf. בִּגְדֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ, Exod 28:2).
αἵwhichNominativerelative pronoun (subject of εἰσιν, modifying στολάς)→ participant referenceὅς, ἥ, ὅ: relative pronoun; feminine nominative plural αἵ agrees with στολάς — 'which (garments) are Aaron's.'
εἰσινarePres Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίcopula of relative clause ('which are Aaron's')→ stative present (settled possession)εἰμί: 'be'; the copula with a possessive predicate (Ααρων) — 'which belong to Aaron'; a Hebraising construction (the garments 'are Aaron's').
ΑαρωνAaron'sindeclinable proper noun (possessive predicate: 'are Aaron's')→ participant identificationΑαρων: transliteration of Hebrew אַהֲרֹן; indeclinable; here a possessive predicate after εἰσιν — the holy vestments belong to Aaron, the high priest.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στολὰςgarmentsAccusativeaccusative (object of ἤνεγκαν)→ object specificationστολή: 'garment'; see v. 12; the garments of Aaron's sons, the ordinary priests.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive of possession (garments 'of the sons')→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; here the sons of Aaron, the priestly line, whose vestments are distinguished from the high priest's (cf. Exod 28:40).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (Aaron's sons)→ relational specificationαὐτός: masculine genitive referring to Aaron — 'his sons.'
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (purpose: 'for the priesthood')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς + acc.: of purpose — the garments are 'for' priestly service.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερατείανpriesthood / priestly serviceAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς ('for the priesthood')→ object specificationἱερατεία: 'priesthood / priestly office or ministry'; from ἱερατεύω ('serve as priest'); renders כְּהֻנָּה; the garments equip Aaron and his sons for the cultic office (cf. Exod 29:9; Heb 7:5).
19

καὶ τὰ ἱστία τῆς αὐλῆς καὶ τοὺς στύλους καὶ τὸ καταπέτασμα τῆς θύρας τῆς σκηνῆς καὶ τῆς πύλης τῆς αὐλῆς καὶ πάντα τὰ σκεύη τῆς σκηνῆς καὶ πάντα τὰ ἐργαλεῖα αὐτῆς

and the hangings of the courtyard and the pillars, and the screen of the door of the tent and of the gate of the courtyard, and all the vessels of the tent and all its implements,

Continuation of the inventory (object of ἤνεγκαν, v. 13)καὶ τὰ ἱστία τῆς αὐλῆς
The catalogue moves to the courtyard textiles — hangings, pillars, and the screens of both the tent-door and the courtyard-gate — then sweeps up with the double summarising πάντα ('all the vessels … all its implements'). The doubled πάντα signals the inventory nearing completeness, preparing the totalising 'all' of vv. 22–23.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (next item)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱστίαhangings / curtainsAccusativeaccusative (object of ἤνεγκαν, v. 13)→ object specificationἱστίον: 'curtain / hanging' (also 'sail'); renders קְלָעִים ('hangings'); the linen screens forming the walls of the courtyard, hung on the pillars (cf. Exod 27:9).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐλῆςof the courtyardGenitivegenitive (of relationship: 'hangings of the courtyard')→ relational specificationαὐλή: 'courtyard'; see v. 8.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στύλουςpillarsAccusativeaccusative (object of ἤνεγκαν)→ object specificationστῦλος: 'pillar'; see v. 5; the posts of the courtyard from which the hangings were suspended.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταπέτασμαscreen / curtainAccusativeaccusative (object of ἤνεγκαν)→ object specificationκαταπέτασμα: 'curtain / screen / veil'; see v. 4; here used of the entrance-screens (מָסָךְ) of the tent-door and courtyard-gate, not the inner veil; the LXX uses the one term broadly for the hanging screens.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θύραςof the doorGenitivegenitive (of relationship: 'screen of the door')→ relational specificationθύρα: 'door / entrance'; see v. 7; the entrance of the tent.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςof the tentGenitivegenitive (defining the door: 'door of the tent')→ relational specificationσκηνή: 'tent'; see v. 4.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πύληςof the gateGenitivegenitive (parallel: '[screen] of the gate')→ relational specificationπύλη: 'gate'; see v. 8; the entrance of the courtyard, with its own screen.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐλῆςof the courtyardGenitivegenitive (defining the gate)→ relational specificationαὐλή: 'courtyard'; see v. 8.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying σκεύη)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; first of the doubled summarising πάντα that close the inventory of tent-equipment.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκεύηvesselsAccusativeaccusative (object of ἤνεγκαν)→ object specificationσκεῦος (pl. σκεύη): 'vessel'; see v. 9.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςof the tentGenitivegenitive (of relationship)→ relational specificationσκηνή: 'tent'; see v. 4.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἐργαλεῖα)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the second summarising πάντα, sweeping up every remaining implement.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐργαλεῖαimplements / toolsAccusativeaccusative (object of ἤνεγκαν)→ object specificationἐργαλεῖον: 'tool / implement'; see v. 9; the working-fittings of the tent.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession (the tent's implements)→ relational specificationαὐτός: feminine genitive referring to ἡ σκηνή — the tent's own implements.
20

καὶ τὰς διφθέρας δέρματα κριῶν ἠρυθροδανωμένα καὶ τὰ καλύμματα δέρματα ὑακίνθινα καὶ τῶν λοιπῶν τὰ ἐπικαλύμματα

and the leather coverings — ram-skins dyed red — and the coverings of blue-dyed skins, and the over-coverings of the rest,

Continuation of the inventory: the tent's outer coverings (object of ἤνεγκαν, v. 13)καὶ τὰς διφθέρας
The inventory turns to the protective outer coverings of the tent: the leather hides of rams dyed red, the blue-leather coverings, and the over-coverings for the remaining items. The appositional δέρματα ('skins') glosses both διφθέρας and καλύμματα, identifying their material; the three-layer covering system protected the sacred textiles beneath.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (next item)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διφθέραςleather coverings / hidesAccusativeaccusative (object of ἤνεγκαν, v. 13)→ object specificationδιφθέρα: 'prepared hide / piece of leather'; the tanned ram-skins forming an outer covering layer of the tent (cf. Exod 26:14).
δέρματαskinsAccusativeaccusative in apposition (glossing διφθέρας: 'skins of rams')→ object specificationδέρμα: 'skin / hide'; renders עוֹר; in apposition, specifying the διφθέραι as ram-skins; δέρματα κριῶν = עֹרֹת אֵילִם, 'rams' skins.'
κριῶνof ramsGenitivegenitive (of material/source: 'skins of rams')→ relational specificationκριός: 'ram'; renders אַיִל; the ram-skins (dyed red) formed one of the tent's covering layers.
ἠρυθροδανωμέναdyed red / madder-dyedPerf Pass Ptcp Acc Pl Neut · ἐρυθροδανόωattributive participle (modifying δέρματα: 'reddened skins')→ resultative perfect passive (skins in their finished dyed state)ἐρυθροδανόω: 'dye red with madder' (from ἐρυθρόδανον, 'madder-root'); a rare technical term rendering מְאָדָּמִים ('reddened'); the perfect passive participle marks the completed dyeing — the ram-skins permanently coloured red (cf. Exod 25:5).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καλύμματαcoveringsAccusativeaccusative (object of ἤνεγκαν)→ object specificationκάλυμμα: 'covering / veil'; from καλύπτω ('cover'); the protective covering-layer over the tent; a second layer beside the red ram-skins.
δέρματαskinsAccusativeaccusative in apposition (glossing καλύμματα)→ object specificationδέρμα: 'skin'; see above; in apposition, identifying the coverings as blue-dyed skins.
ὑακίνθιναblue-dyed / of hyacinth-colourAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying δέρματα: 'blue skins')→ object specificationὑακίνθινος: 'of hyacinth/blue colour'; adjective from ὑάκινθος (v. 12); the LXX renders the obscure Hebrew תְּחָשִׁים ('tachash-skins') as 'blue/hyacinth-coloured skins' (cf. Exod 26:14), construing the term by colour rather than animal.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῶνthe / of theGenitivearticle (with λοιπῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λοιπῶνof the rest / remaining thingsGenitivegenitive (substantival: 'of the remaining items')→ relational specificationλοιπός: 'remaining / rest'; see v. 11; here substantival genitive 'of the rest' — the over-coverings for the remaining objects/items of the tent.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπικαλύμματαover-coveringsAccusativeaccusative (object of ἤνεγκαν)→ object specificationἐπικάλυμμα: 'covering placed over / outer wrapping'; the compound ἐπι- intensifies κάλυμμα — the topmost protective wrappings for the remaining sacred objects in transport.
21

καὶ τοὺς πασσάλους καὶ πάντα τὰ ἐργαλεῖα τὰ εἰς τὰ ἔργα τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου

and the pegs and all the implements for the works of the tent of witness.

Close of the inventory (final items under ἤνεγκαν, v. 13)καὶ τοὺς πασσάλους
The presentation-inventory closes as it had reached its widest sweep: the pegs and 'all the implements for the works of the tent of witness.' The phrase τὰ εἰς τὰ ἔργα ('the things for the works') gathers up the whole apparatus under the keyword ἔργα, rounding off the catalogue and echoing the chapter's opening (πᾶν τὸ χρυσίον … εἰς τὰ ἔργα, v. 1).
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (final list items)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πασσάλουςpegs / stakesAccusativeaccusative (object of ἤνεγκαν, v. 13)→ object specificationπάσσαλος: 'peg / tent-pin'; see v. 8; the pegs reappear to close the inventory, framing the catalogue between the tent-structure (v. 13) and its ground-anchoring fittings.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἐργαλεῖα)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the comprehensive πάντα gathers every implement, closing the inventory on a totalising note.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐργαλεῖαimplements / toolsAccusativeaccusative (object of ἤνεγκαν)→ object specificationἐργαλεῖον: 'tool / implement'; see v. 9; here qualified by the relative-attributive phrase 'for the works of the tent.'
τὰthe / thoseAccusativearticle (attributive, governing the εἰς-phrase)→ noun-phrase markingὁ, ἡ, τό: the repeated article τὰ … τὰ εἰς converts the prepositional phrase into an attributive — 'the implements, namely those for the works.'
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (purpose: 'for the works')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς + acc.: of purpose — the implements destined 'for the works' of the tent; the same construction as v. 1 (εἰς τὰ ἔργα).
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς ('for the works')→ object specificationἔργον: 'work'; see v. 1; the keyword recurs, closing the inventory by recalling the chapter's opening 'works' and anticipating πάντα τὰ ἔργα that Moses inspects (v. 23).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςof the tentGenitivegenitive (of relationship: 'works of the tent')→ relational specificationσκηνή: 'tent'; see v. 4.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof witnessGenitivegenitive (defining the tent: 'tent of witness')→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: 'witness / testimony'; see v. 7; ἡ σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου, the tent of meeting/witness, named for the third time in the chapter (vv. 7, 9, 21).
22

ὅσα συνέταξεν κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ οὕτως ἐποίησαν οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ πᾶσαν τὴν ἀποσκευήν

Whatever the LORD directed Moses, so the sons of Israel made all the equipment.

Obedience-refrain restated (second occurrence; cf. v. 10)ὅσα συνέταξεν κύριος
The obedience-formula of v. 10 returns, now generalised by ὅσα ('whatever, all that') and applied to πᾶσαν τὴν ἀποσκευήν ('all the equipment'). The fronted relative clause ὅσα συνέταξεν κύριος … οὕτως ἐποίησαν reasserts total conformity to the command, immediately before Moses' inspection (v. 23) confirms it.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ὅσαwhatever / all thatAccusativerelative pronoun (object of συνέταξεν, fronted)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as much/many as / whatever'; neuter plural ὅσα = 'all the things that'; renders כְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר ('according to all that'); the comprehensive relative broadens the obedience-formula to embrace the entire commission.
συνέταξενdirected / commandedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συντάσσωverb of relative clause (the divine command)→ constative aorist (the issued command)συντάσσω: 'direct / command / arrange'; see v. 10; the verb of the obedience-formula, here governing the comprehensive ὅσα.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of συνέταξεν→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of יהוה; the commanding God whose design the work fulfils.
τῷthe / toDativearticle (with Μωυσῇ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜωυσῇMosesDativeindirect object of συνέταξεν ('directed Moses')→ sphere or referenceΜωυσῆς: see v. 10; the mediator of the command (dat. Μωυσῇ).
οὕτωςso / thusadverb (correlative: 'so they made')→ adverbial qualificationοὕτως: 'thus'; see v. 10; the correlative to ὅσα — 'whatever … so they did', stamping the work as conformed to the command.
ἐποίησανthey madeAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ποιέωmain verb (the people as subject)→ constative aorist (the completed obedient work)ποιέω: 'do / make'; see v. 5; the obedience-verb, here with πᾶσαν τὴν ἀποσκευήν as object.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with υἱοί)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject ('the sons of Israel')→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ; see v. 10; the obedient builders, named again to match the formula of v. 10.
ΙσραηλIsraelindeclinable proper noun (genitive sense: 'of Israel')→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliteration of יִשְׂרָאֵל; indeclinable; here genitival ('sons of Israel').
πᾶσανallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἀποσκευήν)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all / the whole'; feminine accusative πᾶσαν agrees with ἀποσκευήν; the totalising 'all the equipment' matches the comprehensive ὅσα at the verse's head.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀποσκευήνequipment / outfitAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησαν ('all the equipment')→ object specificationἀποσκευή: 'baggage / equipment / outfit / gear'; here the entire fitted-out apparatus of the tabernacle — the whole 'kit' of the sanctuary; the singular collective gathers the inventory of vv. 13–21 into one comprehensive object.
23

καὶ εἶδεν Μωυσῆς πάντα τὰ ἔργα καὶ ἦσαν πεποιηκότες αὐτὰ ὃν τρόπον συνέταξεν κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ οὕτως ἐποίησαν αὐτά καὶ εὐλόγησεν αὐτοὺς Μωυσῆς

And Moses saw all the works, and they had done them in the manner the LORD directed Moses; so they did them. And Moses blessed them.

Climax: Moses' inspection, the obedience-formula, and the blessing (creation echo)καὶ εἶδεν Μωυσῆς πάντα τὰ ἔργα
The chapter's climax stages three movements that deliberately reprise the completion of creation (Gen 1:31–2:3): Moses 'saw all the works' (εἶδεν … πάντα τὰ ἔργα; cf. εἶδεν … πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησεν, Gen 1:31); they had made them exactly as the LORD directed (the third obedience-formula, ὃν τρόπον … οὕτως ἐποίησαν); and 'Moses blessed them' (εὐλόγησεν; cf. εὐλόγησεν ὁ θεός, Gen 2:3). The finished sanctuary stands as a new, rightly-ordered microcosm, inspected and blessed.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (climactic scene)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶδενsawAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ὁράωmain verb (Moses inspects the work)→ constative aorist (the act of inspection)ὁράω (aor. εἶδεν): 'see / look at / inspect'; renders רָאָה; Moses' 'seeing' all the works is an inspection-and-approval, deliberately echoing the divine εἶδεν ὁ θεὸς … πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησεν ('God saw all that he had made', Gen 1:31) — Moses surveys the completed sanctuary as God surveyed the completed creation.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject of εἶδεν→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: see v. 13; the inspector of the work, standing in a God-like surveying role over the sanctuary-cosmos.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἔργα)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; πάντα τὰ ἔργα ('all the works') is the direct verbal echo of Gen 2:2–3 (συνετέλεσεν … τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ) and Gen 1:31 (πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησεν) — the totality of the finished work.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksAccusativedirect object of εἶδεν→ object specificationἔργον: 'work'; see v. 1; the keyword reaches its climax — the 'works' that opened the chapter (v. 1) are now inspected entire; the term anchors the creation-completion echo (τὰ ἔργα, Gen 2:2–3).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦσανthey wereImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίauxiliary verb (periphrastic pluperfect with πεποιηκότες)→ imperfect auxiliary (forming the periphrastic pluperfect)εἰμί (impf. ἦσαν): 'be'; with the perfect participle πεποιηκότες forms a periphrastic pluperfect, 'they had (already) made' — viewing the completed work as a standing accomplishment at the moment of Moses' inspection.
πεποιηκότεςhaving made / donePerf Act Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · ποιέωparticiple of periphrastic pluperfect (with ἦσαν: 'they had made')→ resultative perfect participle (the work as a finished, abiding accomplishment)ποιέω (perf. ptcp.): 'make / do'; the perfect aspect, with auxiliary ἦσαν, stresses the abiding completedness of the work — it stands finished and intact before Moses, ready for approval, paralleling the divine 'completion' (συνετέλεσεν, Gen 2:2).
αὐτὰthemAccusativedirect object of πεποιηκότες (the works made)→ participant referenceαὐτός: neuter accusative plural referring to τὰ ἔργα — 'they had made them.'
ὃνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (with τρόπον: 'in the manner which')→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; ὃν τρόπον is an adverbial accusative idiom = 'in the way/manner that', rendering כַּאֲשֶׁר ('just as'); equivalent in force to καθά (v. 10).
τρόπονmanner / wayAccusativeadverbial accusative (with ὃν: 'in the manner that')→ object specificationτρόπος: 'way / manner / fashion'; the phrase ὃν τρόπον ('in the manner which') introduces the third statement of the obedience-formula — the work was done exactly as commanded.
συνέταξενdirected / commandedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συντάσσωverb of comparative clause (the divine command)→ constative aorist (the issued command)συντάσσω: 'direct / command'; see v. 10; the obedience-formula's command-verb, here within ὃν τρόπον συνέταξεν κύριος ('as the LORD directed').
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of συνέταξεν→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of יהוה; the source of the design that the inspected work perfectly fulfils.
τῷthe / toDativearticle (with Μωυσῇ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜωυσῇMosesDativeindirect object of συνέταξεν ('directed Moses')→ sphere or referenceΜωυσῆς: see v. 10; the mediator of the command (dat. Μωυσῇ); the same Moses who now inspects the result.
οὕτωςso / thusadverb (correlative: 'so they did')→ adverbial qualificationοὕτως: 'thus'; see v. 10; completes the third and climactic obedience-formula (ὃν τρόπον … οὕτως ἐποίησαν).
ἐποίησανthey did / madeAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ποιέωmain verb (resumptive: 'so they made them')→ constative aorist (the conforming work restated)ποιέω: 'do / make'; see v. 5; the obedience-verb in its final, climactic occurrence, sealing the perfect conformity of work to command.
αὐτάthemAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησαν (the works)→ participant referenceαὐτός: neuter accusative plural referring to τὰ ἔργα — 'so they made them.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (climactic blessing)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐλόγησενblessedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εὐλογέωmain verb (the closing act: Moses blesses the people)→ constative aorist (the decisive act of blessing)εὐλογέω: 'speak well of / bless'; renders בֵּרַךְ; Moses' blessing of the builders is the climactic echo of Gen 2:3 (καὶ εὐλόγησεν ὁ θεὸς τὴν ἡμέραν τὴν ἑβδόμην) — as God blessed the consummated creation, Moses blesses those who consummated the sanctuary; the construction account thus closes on the same note of completion-and-blessing as creation (cf. also Moses' blessing at Exod 39:43 MT).
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object of εὐλόγησεν (the builders blessed)→ participant referenceαὐτός: masculine accusative plural referring to the sons of Israel / the workmen — Moses blesses the people who did the work.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject of εὐλόγησεν (post-posed for emphasis)→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: see v. 13; the post-posed subject closes the chapter on the figure of Moses — inspector and blesser — completing the inclusio with εἶδεν Μωυσῆς at the verse's head.