1
ἰδοὺ γὰρ βασιλεὺς δίκαιος βασιλεύσει καὶ ἄρχοντες μετὰ κρίσεως ἄρξουσιν
For behold, a righteous king will reign, and rulers will rule with judgment.
The chapter opens with a royal and administrative vision in which righteous rule sets the terms for everything that follows.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection opening or intensifying the utteranceἰδού: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'behold' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
γὰρforX · γάρindeclinable particle shaping the clause or discourse flowγάρ: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'for' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or heading termβασιλεύς: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'king' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
δίκαιοςrighteousA1A NSM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or heading termδίκαιος: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'righteous' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
βασιλεύσειreignedVF FAI3S · βασιλεύωverbal form carrying the action of the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardβασιλεύω: verbal form rendered 'reigned' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating connective linking the surrounding elementsκαί: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'and' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
ἄρχοντεςrulersN3 NPM · ἄρχωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or heading termἄρχων: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'rulers' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition introducing its object phraseμετά: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'with' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
κρίσεωςjudgmentN3I GSF · κρίσιςgenitive element modifying the associated phraseκρίσις: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'judgment' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ἄρξουσινbeganVF FAI3P · ἄρχωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardἄρχω: verbal lexeme rendered 'began' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
2
καὶ ἔσται ὁ ἄνθρωπος κρύπτων τοὺς λόγους αὐτοῦ καὶ κρυβήσεται ὡς ἀφ' ὕδατος φερομένου καὶ φανήσεται ἐν Σιων ὡς ποταμὸς φερόμενος ἔνδοξος ἐν γῇ διψώσῃ
And the man who hides his words will be hidden, as from rushing water, and he will appear in Zion like a glorious river carried through a thirsty land.
The figure introduced under just rule becomes shelter and life-giving refreshment for a thirsty community.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating connective linking the surrounding elementsκαί: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'and' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered 'shall be' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking a nom phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ἄνθρωποςman / human beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or heading termἄνθρωπος: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'man / human being' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
κρύπτωνhideV1 · παπνσμ κρύπτωparticipial verbal form modifying the clause and supplying attendant action or descriptionκρύπτω: verbal lexeme rendered 'hide' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking a acc phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
λόγουςwordN2 APM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object or complement within the clauseλόγος: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'word' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive element modifying the associated phraseαὐτός: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'his' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating connective linking the surrounding elementsκαί: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'and' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
κρυβήσεταιhidVD FPI3S · κρύπτωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardκρύπτω: verbal lexeme rendered 'hid' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
ὡςasD · ὡςpreposition introducing its object phraseὡς: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'as' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
ἀφ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its object phraseἀπό: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'from' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
ὕδατοςwaterN3T GSN · ὕδωρgenitive element modifying the associated phraseὕδωρ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'water' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
φερομένουbearV1 · πμπγσμ φέρωparticiple supporting the clause actionφέρω: lexical item rendered 'bear' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating connective linking the surrounding elementsκαί: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'and' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
φανήσεταιappearVD FPI3S · φαίνωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardφαίνω: appear; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its object phraseἐν: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'in' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
ΣιωνZionN DSF · Σιωνindeclinable particle shaping the clause or discourse flowΣιων: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'Zion' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
ὡςasD · ὡςpreposition introducing its object phraseὡς: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'as' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
ποταμὸςriverN2 NSM · ποταμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or heading termποταμός: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'river' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
φερόμενοςpheroV1 · πμπνσμ φέρωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forwardφέρω: verbal lexeme rendered 'phero' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
ἔνδοξοςhonored / held in honorA1B NSM · ἔνδοξοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or heading termἔνδοξος: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'honored / held in honor' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its object phraseἐν: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'in' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
γῇlandN1 DSF · γῆdative element marking reference, means, location, or associationγῆ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'land' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
διψώσῃδιψάωV3 · παπδσφ διψάωparticipial verbal form modifying the clause and supplying attendant action or descriptionδιψάω: verbal lexeme rendered 'διψάω' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
3
καὶ οὐκέτι ἔσονται πεποιθότες ἐπ' ἀνθρώποις ἀλλὰ τὰ ὦτα δώσουσιν ἀκούειν
And they will no longer be trusting in men, but they will give their ears to hear.
The promised order displaces misplaced trust in people and creates a readiness to listen rightly.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating connective linking the surrounding elementsκαί: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'and' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
οὐκέτιno longerD · οὐκέτιindeclinable particle shaping the clause or discourse flowοὐκέτι: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'no longer' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
ἔσονταιbeVF FMI3P · εἰμίfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered 'be' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
πεποιθότεςtrustingVX · χαπνπμ πείθωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forwardπείθω: verbal lexeme rendered 'trusting' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its object phraseἐπί: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'upon' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
ἀνθρώποιςhuman beingN2 DPM · ἄνθρωποςdative element marking reference, means, location, or associationἄνθρωπος: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'human being' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάcoordinating connective linking the surrounding elementsἀλλά: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'but' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking a acc phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ὦταearsN3T ASN · οὖςnominal term functioning in a acc relationοὖς: ear; the plural here marks restored receptivity, as the people are newly able to hear rightly.
δώσουσινgiveVF FAI3P · δίδωμιfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardδίδωμι: verbal lexeme rendered 'give' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
ἀκούεινakoyoV1 PAN · ἀκούωnon-finite verbal form complementing the surrounding clause→ present verbal form presenting ongoing or immediate actionἀκούω: verbal lexeme rendered 'akoyo' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
4
καὶ ἡ καρδία τῶν ἀσθενούντων προσέξει τοῦ ἀκούειν καὶ αἱ γλῶσσαι αἱ ψελλίζουσαι ταχὺ μαθήσονται λαλεῖν εἰρήνην
And the heart of the weak will attend to hear, and stammering tongues will quickly learn to speak peace.
Weak hearts and stammering tongues are restored so that peace can be understood and spoken.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating connective linking the surrounding elementsκαί: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'and' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking a nom phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
καρδίαheartN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or heading termκαρδία: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'heart' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking a gen phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ἀσθενούντωνἀσθενέωV2 · παπγπμ ἀσθενέωParticipial modifierVerbal form meaning “ἀσθενέω” in this context.
προσέξειpaid attentionVF FAI3S · ἔχω + προςfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardπρος: verbal lexeme rendered 'paid attention' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking a gen phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ἀκούεινakoyoV1 PAN · ἀκούωnon-finite verbal form complementing the surrounding clause→ present verbal form presenting ongoing or immediate actionἀκούω: verbal lexeme rendered 'akoyo' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating connective linking the surrounding elementsκαί: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'and' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking a nom phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
γλῶσσαιtongueN1S NPF · γλῶσσαnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifierγλῶσσα: lexical item rendered here as "tongue" in keeping with the local narrative context.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking a nom phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ψελλίζουσαιpsellizoV1 · παπνπφ ψελλίζωverbal element advancing the action or state of the clauseψελλίζω: verbal lexeme rendered 'psellizo' here; in this context it carries the action, declaration, or process that advances Isaiah's oracle.
ταχὺswiftA3U B · ταχύςnominal or pronominal element functioning within the clauseταχύς: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'swift' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
μαθήσονταιmanthanoVF FMI3P · μανθάνωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the announced actionμανθάνω: verbal lexeme rendered 'manthano' here; in this context it carries the action, declaration, or process that advances Isaiah's oracle.
λαλεῖνspeakV2 PAN · λαλέωnon-finite verbal form complementing the surrounding clause→ present verbal form presenting ongoing or immediate actionλαλέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'speak' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
εἰρήνηνpeaceN1 ASF · εἰρήνηaccusative element functioning as object or complement within the clauseεἰρήνη: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'peace' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
5
καὶ οὐκέτι μὴ εἴπωσιν τῷ μωρῷ ἄρχειν καὶ οὐκέτι μὴ εἴπωσιν οἱ ὑπηρέται σου σίγα
And they shall no longer say that the fool rules, and your servants shall no longer say, 'Be silent.'
The social order is corrected so folly is no longer treated as fit for rule or protected from challenge.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating connective linking the surrounding elementsκαί: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'and' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
οὐκέτιno longerD · οὐκέτιindeclinable particle shaping the clause or discourse flowοὐκέτι: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'no longer' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
μὴnotD · μήindeclinable particle shaping the clause or discourse flowμή: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'not' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
εἴπωσινsayVB AAS3P · εἶπονfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist verbal form presenting the action as a wholeεἶπον: verbal lexeme rendered 'say' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking a dat phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
μωρῷfoolishA1A DSM · μωρόςdative element marking reference, means, location, or associationμωρός: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'foolish' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ἄρχεινto ruleV1 PAN · ἄρχωinfinitive of content after πιστεύουσιν→ present infinitiveἄρχω: 'rule, govern'; states the assigned function of the annual magistrate.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating connective linking the surrounding elementsκαί: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'and' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
οὐκέτιno longerD · οὐκέτιindeclinable particle shaping the clause or discourse flowοὐκέτι: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'no longer' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
μὴnotD · μήindeclinable particle shaping the clause or discourse flowμή: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'not' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
εἴπωσινsayVB AAS3P · εἶπονfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist verbal form presenting the action as a wholeεἶπον: verbal lexeme rendered 'say' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking a nom phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ὑπηρέταιservantN1M NPM · ὑπηρέτηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or heading termὑπηρέτης: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'servant' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
σουyouRP GS · σύgenitive element modifying the associated phraseσύ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'you' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
σίγαbe quietV3 PAD2S · σιγάωparticiple or verbal form supporting the clause actionσίγα: lexical item rendered 'be quiet' in this chapter's immediate context.
6
ὁ γὰρ μωρὸς μωρὰ λαλήσει καὶ ἡ καρδία αὐτοῦ μάταια νοήσει τοῦ συντελεῖν ἄνομα καὶ λαλεῖν πρὸς κύριον πλάνησιν τοῦ διασπεῖραι ψυχὰς πεινώσας καὶ τὰς ψυχὰς τὰς διψώσας κενὰς ποιῆσαι
For the fool will speak foolish things, and his heart will think vain thoughts, to accomplish lawless deeds and to speak deception against the Lord, to scatter hungry souls and to make thirsty souls empty.
The fool's speech and thought are unpacked to show their lawless and soul-damaging effects.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking a nom phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
γὰρforX · γάρindeclinable particle shaping the clause or discourse flowγάρ: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'for' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
μωρὸςfoolishA1A NSM · μωρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or heading termμωρός: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'foolish' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
μωρὰfoolishA1A APN · μωρόςaccusative element functioning as object or complement within the clauseμωρός: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'foolish' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
λαλήσειwill speakVF FAI3S · λαλέωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardλαλέω: 'will speak'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating connective linking the surrounding elementsκαί: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'and' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking a nom phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
καρδίαheartN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or heading termκαρδία: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'heart' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive element modifying the associated phraseαὐτός: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'his' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
μάταιαvain thingsA1A APN · μάταιοςaccusative element functioning as object or complement within the clauseμάταιος: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'vain things' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
νοήσειperceivedVF FAI3S · νοέωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardνοέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'perceived' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking a gen phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
συντελεῖνcompleteV2 PAN · τελέω + συνnon-finite verbal form complementing the surrounding clause→ present verbal form presenting ongoing or immediate actionσυν: verbal lexeme rendered 'complete' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
ἄνομαlawlessA1B APN · ἄνομοςattributive adjective describing τινεςἄνομος: lawless.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating connective linking the surrounding elementsκαί: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'and' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
λαλεῖνspeakV2 PAN · λαλέωnon-finite verbal form complementing the surrounding clause→ present verbal form presenting ongoing or immediate actionλαλέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'speak' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition introducing its object phraseπρός: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'to' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object or complement within the clauseκύριος: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'LORD' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
πλάνησινdeceptionN3I ASF · πλάνησιςaccusative nominal element functioning as object or complement within the clauseπλάνησις: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'deception' here and used within the chapter's argument, image, or participant structure.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking a gen phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
διασπεῖραιspread outVA AAN · σπείρω + διαnon-finite verbal form complementing the surrounding clause→ aorist verbal form presenting the action as a wholeδια: verbal lexeme rendered 'spread out' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
ψυχὰςpersonN1 APF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object or complement within the clauseψυχή: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'person' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
πεινώσαςπεινάωV3 · παπαπφ πεινάωparticipial verbal form modifying the clause and supplying attendant action or descriptionπεινάω: verbal lexeme rendered 'πεινάω' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating connective linking the surrounding elementsκαί: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'and' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking a acc phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ψυχὰςpersonN1 APF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object or complement within the clauseψυχή: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'person' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking a acc phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
διψώσαςδιψάωV3 · παπαπφ διψάωparticipial verbal form modifying the clause and supplying attendant action or descriptionδιψάω: verbal lexeme rendered 'διψάω' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
κενὰςcauseA1 APF · κενόςaccusative element functioning as object or complement within the clauseκενός: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'cause' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ποιῆσαιmake / doVA AAN · ποιέωnon-finite verbal form complementing the surrounding clause→ aorist verbal form presenting the action as a wholeποιέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'make / do' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
7
ἡ γὰρ βουλὴ τῶν πονηρῶν ἄνομα βουλεύσεται καταφθεῖραι ταπεινοὺς ἐν λόγοις ἀδίκοις καὶ διασκεδάσαι λόγους ταπεινῶν ἐν κρίσει
For the counsel of the wicked will devise lawless things, to destroy the humble with unjust words and to scatter the words of the humble in judgment.
The chapter widens from one fool to broader evil policy that crushes the humble through unjust speech.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking a nom phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
γὰρforX · γάρindeclinable particle shaping the clause or discourse flowγάρ: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'for' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
βουλὴcounselN1 NSF · βουλήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or heading termβουλή: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'counsel' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking a gen phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
πονηρῶνponeronA1A GPM · πονηρόςgenitive term marking relation, source, possession, or descriptionπονηρός: poneron; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἄνομαlawlessA1B APN · ἄνομοςattributive adjective describing τινεςἄνομος: lawless.
βουλεύσεταιtook counselVF FMI3S · βουλεύωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardβουλεύω: verbal lexeme rendered 'took counsel' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
καταφθεῖραιdestroyVA AAN · φθείρω + καταnon-finite verbal form complementing the surrounding clause→ aorist verbal form presenting the action as a wholeκατα: verbal lexeme rendered 'destroy' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
ταπεινοὺςhumbleA1 APM · ταπεινόςdirect object of ἐστήρισενταπεινός: lowly, humble, socially vulnerable.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its object phraseἐν: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'in' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
λόγοιςwordN2 DPM · λόγοςdative element marking reference, means, location, or associationλόγος: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'word' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ἀδίκοιςunjustA1B DPM · ἄδικοςdative nominal element marking relation, location, or instrument within the clauseἄδικος: adjectival form rendered 'unjust', supplying descriptive weight within the phrase or image used by the chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating connective linking the surrounding elementsκαί: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'and' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
διασκεδάσαιskedazo + diaVA AAN · σκεδάζω + διαnon-finite verbal form complementing the surrounding clause→ aorist verbal form presenting the action as a wholeδια: verbal lexeme rendered 'skedazo + dia' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
λόγουςwordN2 APM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object or complement within the clauseλόγος: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'word' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ταπεινῶνhumbleA1 GPM · ταπεινόςGenitive modifierNominal or adjectival form meaning “humble” here.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its object phraseἐν: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'in' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
κρίσειjudgmentN3I DSF · κρίσιςdative element marking reference, means, location, or associationκρίσις: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'judgment' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
8
οἱ δὲ εὐσεβεῖς συνετὰ ἐβουλεύσαντο καὶ αὕτη ἡ βουλὴ μενεῖ
But the pious have devised prudent things, and this counsel will remain.
Against wicked planning, the pious are marked by prudent deliberation that endures.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking a nom phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
δὲbutX · δέindeclinable particle shaping the clause or discourse flowδέ: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'but' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
εὐσεβεῖςpiousA3H NPM · εὐσεβήςAdjective qualifying the priests' reverent character.Adjective denoting reverence and faithful devotion.
συνετὰsynetosA1 APN · συνετόςaccusative element functioning as object or complement within the clauseσυνετός: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'synetos' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ἐβουλεύσαντοplanVAI AMI3P · βουλεύωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forwardβουλεύω: verbal lexeme rendered 'plan' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating connective linking the surrounding elementsκαί: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'and' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
αὕτηthisRD NSF · οὗτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or heading termοὗτος: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'this' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking a nom phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
βουλὴcounselN1 NSF · βουλήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or heading termβουλή: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'counsel' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
μενεῖremainVF2 FAI3S · μένωFinite verb / predicate→ constative aorist subjunctive (remains static)μένω: verbal lexeme rendered 'remain' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
9
γυναῖκες πλούσιαι ἀνάστητε καὶ ἀκούσατε τῆς φωνῆς μου θυγατέρες ἐν ἐλπίδι ἀκούσατε τοὺς λόγους μου
Rise up, wealthy women, and hear my voice; daughters in hope, hear my words.
The oracle now confronts wealthy and hopeful women, calling them to hear before loss arrives.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
γυναῖκεςwomanN3K NPF · γυνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or heading termγυνή: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'woman' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
πλούσιαιrich manA1A NPF · πλούσιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or heading termπλούσιος: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'rich man' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ἀνάστητεanaVH AAD2P · ἵστημι + ἀναfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal senseἵστημι + ἀνα: rendered here in its immediate narrative, liturgical, or covenantal setting with an English gloss suited to the verse context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating connective linking the surrounding elementsκαί: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'and' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
ἀκούσατεhearVA AAD2P · ἀκούωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forwardἀκούω: verbal lexeme rendered 'hear' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking a gen phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
φωνῆςvoiceN1 GSF · φωνήgenitive element modifying the associated phraseφωνή: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'voice' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive element modifying the associated phraseἐγώ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'my' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
θυγατέρεςdaughtersN3 NPF · θυγάτηρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or heading termθυγάτηρ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'daughters' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its object phraseἐν: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'in' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
ἐλπίδιin confidenceN3D DSF · ἐλπίςdative substantive functioning in location, means, manner, or relationἐλπίς: 'in confidence'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
ἀκούσατεhearVA AAD2P · ἀκούωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forwardἀκούω: verbal lexeme rendered 'hear' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking a acc phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
λόγουςwordN2 APM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object or complement within the clauseλόγος: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'word' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive element modifying the associated phraseἐγώ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'my' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
10
ἡμέρας ἐνιαυτοῦ μνείαν ποιήσασθε ἐν ὀδύνῃ μετ' ἐλπίδος ἀνήλωται ὁ τρύγητος πέπαυται ὁ σπόρος καὶ οὐκέτι μὴ ἔλθῃ
Within days of a year, make remembrance in pain with hope; the vintage is spent, the seed has ceased, and it shall no longer come.
The warning becomes concrete in the collapse of vintage and seed, turning security into painful remembrance.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ἡμέραςdayN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive element modifying the associated phraseἡμέρα: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'day' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ἐνιαυτοῦyearN2 GSM · ἐνιαυτόςgenitive element modifying the associated phraseἐνιαυτός: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'year' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
μνείανmemorialN1A ASF · μνείαaccusative element functioning as object or complementμνεία: term rendered 'memorial' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ποιήσασθεdidVA AMD2P · ποιέωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forwardποιέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'did' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its object phraseἐν: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'in' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
ὀδύνῃgriefN1 DSF · ὀδύνηnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseὀδύνης: lexical item rendered 'grief' in this chapter's immediate context.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its object phraseμετά: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'with' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
ἐλπίδοςhopeN3D GSF · ἐλπίςgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseἐλπίς: lexical item rendered 'hope' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἀνήλωταιspend / use upVM XPI3S · ἁλίσκω + ἀναfinite verbal form carrying the clause forwardἀνα: verbal lexeme rendered 'spend / use up' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking a nom phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
τρύγητοςvintageN2 NSM · τρύγητοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionτρύγητος: rendered 'vintage' here; lexical item interpreted within this chapter's immediate context.
πέπαυταιhas ceasedVM XMI3S · παύωparticipial verbal form modifying the clause with attendant action or state→ perfect verbal form highlighting a resulting stateπαύω: verbal form rendered 'has ceased' here; in context it carries the oracle's lament, motion, or judgment action.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking a nom phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
σπόροςtheN2 NSM · σπόροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or heading termσπόρος: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating connective linking the surrounding elementsκαί: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'and' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
οὐκέτιno longerD · οὐκέτιindeclinable particle shaping the clause or discourse flowοὐκέτι: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'no longer' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
μὴnotD · μήindeclinable particle shaping the clause or discourse flowμή: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'not' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
ἔλθῃcameVB AAS3S · ἔρχομαιfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist verbal form presenting the action as a wholeἔρχομαι: verbal lexeme rendered 'came' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
11
ἔκστητε λυπήθητε αἱ πεποιθυῖαι ἐκδύσασθε γυμναὶ γένεσθε περιζώσασθε σάκκους τὰς ὀσφύας
Be aghast, grieve, you confident women; strip yourselves, become naked, and gird sackcloth around your loins.
Those who felt secure are commanded to strip away ease and assume the visible signs of lament.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἔκστητεwere terrified / panickedVH AAD2P · ἵστημι + ἐκfinite verbal form carrying the clause forwardἐκ: verbal lexeme rendered 'were terrified / panicked' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
λυπήθητεgrievedVC APD2P · λυπέωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forwardλυπέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'grieved' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking a nom phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
πεποιθυῖαιtrust / persuadeVX · χαπνπφ πείθωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forwardπείθω: verbal lexeme rendered 'trust / persuade' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
ἐκδύσασθεtake offVA AMD2P · δύω + ἐκfinite verbal form carrying the clause forwardἐκ: verbal lexeme rendered 'take off' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
γυμναὶto the nakedA1 NPF · γυμνόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or heading termγυμνός: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'to the naked' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
γένεσθεit came to passVB AMD2P · γίγνομαιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionγίγνομαι: verbal form rendered here as "it came to pass"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that advances Isaiah's oracle.
περιζώσασθεgird yourselvesVA AMD2P · ζώννυμι + περιfinite verbal form carrying the clause forwardπερι: verbal lexeme rendered 'gird yourselves' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
σάκκουςsackclothN2 APM · σάκκοςaccusative element functioning as object or complement within the clauseσάκκος: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'sackcloth' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking a acc phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ὀσφύαςloinsN3U APF · ὀσφύςaccusative element functioning as object or complement within the clauseὀσφύς: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'loins' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
12
καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν μαστῶν κόπτεσθε ἀπὸ ἀγροῦ ἐπιθυμήματος καὶ ἀμπέλου γενήματος
Beat your breasts for the desirable field and for the produce of the vine.
Grief centers on the beloved field and fruitful vine, key emblems of the chapter's threatened abundance.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating connective linking the surrounding elementsκαί: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'and' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its object phraseἐπί: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'upon' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking a gen phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
μαστῶνbreastN2 GPM · μαστόςnominal element functioning within the clauseμαστός: breast; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
κόπτεσθεbeat yourselvesV1 PMD2P · κόπτωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ present verbal form presenting the action as ongoing or imperfectiveκόπτω: verbal form rendered 'beat yourselves' here; in context it carries the oracle's lament, motion, or judgment action.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its object phraseἀπό: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'from' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
ἀγροῦfieldN2 GSM · ἀγρόςgenitive element modifying the associated phraseἀγρός: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'field' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ἐπιθυμήματοςtheN3M GSN · ἐπιθύμημαgenitive element modifying the associated phraseἐπιθύμημα: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating connective linking the surrounding elementsκαί: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'and' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
ἀμπέλουvineN2 GSF · ἄμπελοςgenitive of source (with ἐκ: 'from the vine of')ἄμπελος: vine; in this lament setting it evokes the loss of cultivated fertility and delight.
γενήματοςproduceN3M GSN · γένημαgenitive nominal element modifying the associated phraseγένημα: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'produce' here and used within the chapter's argument, image, or participant structure.
13
ἡ γῆ τοῦ λαοῦ μου ἄκανθα καὶ χόρτος ἀναβήσεται καὶ ἐκ πάσης οἰκίας εὐφροσύνη ἀρθήσεται πόλις πλουσία
Upon the land of my people thorn and grass will come up, and gladness will be taken away from every house, from the wealthy city.
Thorns replace cultivation and joy is removed from houses and from the once-prosperous city.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking a nom phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
γῆlandN1 NSF · γῆnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or heading termγῆ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'land' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking a gen phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςgenitive element modifying the associated phraseλαός: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'people' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive element modifying the associated phraseἐγώ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'my' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ἄκανθαthornN1A NSF · ἄκανθαaccusative element functioning as object or complementἄκανθα: lexical item rendered here as "thorn"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Isaiah's discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating connective linking the surrounding elementsκαί: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'and' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
χόρτοςgrassN2 NSM · χόρτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or heading termχόρτος: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'grass' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ἀναβήσεταιgo upVF FMI3S · βαίνω + ἀναfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardβαίνω + ἀνα: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating connective linking the surrounding elementsκαί: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'and' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its object phraseἐκ: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'from' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
πάσηςeveryoneA1S GSF · πᾶςgenitive element modifying the associated phraseπᾶς: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'everyone' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
οἰκίαςhouseN1A GSF · οἰκίαgenitive element modifying the associated phraseοἰκία: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'house' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
εὐφροσύνηgladnessN1 NSF · εὐφροσύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or heading termεὐφροσύνη: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'gladness' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ἀρθήσεταιtake awayVC FPI3S · αἴρωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardαἴρω: verbal lexeme rendered 'take away' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
πόλιςcityN3I NSF · πόλιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or heading termπόλις: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'city' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
πλουσίαrich manA1A NSF · πλούσιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or heading termπλούσιος: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'rich man' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
14
οἶκοι ἐγκαταλελειμμένοι πλοῦτον πόλεως καὶ οἴκους ἐπιθυμητοὺς ἀφήσουσιν καὶ ἔσονται αἱ κῶμαι σπήλαια ἕως τοῦ αἰῶνος εὐφροσύνη ὄνων ἀγρίων βοσκήματα ποιμένων
Abandoned houses will leave the wealth of the city and its desirable homes, and the villages will become caves forever, a joy for wild donkeys, pastures for shepherds.
The wealthy city's structures are left behind, and habitation gives way to caves, wild animals, and pasture.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
οἶκοιhouseN2 NPM · οἶκοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or heading termοἶκος: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'house' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ἐγκαταλελειμμένοιinVP · χμπνπμ λείπω + ἐν + καταverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal ideaἐγκαταλελειμμένοι: verbal form rendered 'in' here, contributing the chapter's action, state, or process.
πλοῦτονwealthN2 ASM · πλοῦτοςaccusative element functioning as object or complement within the clauseπλοῦτος: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'wealth' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
πόλεωςcityN3I GSF · πόλιςgenitive element modifying the associated phraseπόλις: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'city' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating connective linking the surrounding elementsκαί: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'and' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
οἴκουςhousesN2 APM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object or complement within the clauseοἶκος: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'houses' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ἐπιθυμητοὺςdesirableA1 APM · ἐπιθυμητόςaccusative element functioning as object or complement within the clauseἐπιθυμητός: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'desirable' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ἀφήσουσινallow / send awayVF FAI3P · ἵημι + ἀποfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardἀπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'allow / send away' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating connective linking the surrounding elementsκαί: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'and' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
ἔσονταιbeVF FMI3P · εἰμίfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered 'be' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking a nom phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
κῶμαιvillagesN1 NPF · κώμηcommon noun or modifier within the list formulaκώμη: 'villages'; smaller settlements associated with a city.
σπήλαιαcaveN2N APN · σπήλαιονnominal element functioning within the clauseσπήλαιον: cave; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition introducing its object phraseἕως: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'until' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking a gen phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
αἰῶνοςage / foreverN3W GSM · αἰώνgenitive element modifying the associated phraseαἰών: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'age / forever' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
εὐφροσύνηgladnessN1 NSF · εὐφροσύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or heading termεὐφροσύνη: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'gladness' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ὄνωνof donkeysN2 GPM · ὄνοςgenitive element modifying the associated phraseὄνος: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'of donkeys' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ἀγρίωνwildA1A GPM · ἄγριοςgenitive element modifying the associated phraseἄγριος: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'wild' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
βοσκήματαcattleN3M NPN · βόσκημαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or heading termβόσκημα: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'cattle' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ποιμένωνshepherdN3 GPM · ποιμήνgenitive substantive dependent within the phrase or clauseποιμήν: shepherd; the genitive here belongs to the picture of depopulated land turned into pasture.
15
ἕως ἂν ἐπέλθῃ ἐφ' ὑμᾶς πνεῦμα ἀφ' ὑψηλοῦ καὶ ἔσται ἔρημος ὁ Χερμελ καὶ ὁ Χερμελ εἰς δρυμὸν λογισθήσεται
Until the Spirit comes upon you from on high, and Carmel becomes a wilderness, and Carmel is reckoned as a forest thicket.
The judgment section holds only until the Spirit comes, reversing the landscape through divine visitation.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition introducing its object phraseἕως: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'until' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
ἂνeverX · ἄνindeclinable particle shaping the clause or discourse flowἄν: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'ever' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
ἐπέλθῃερχομαι + επιVB AAS3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐπιfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist verbal form presenting the action as a wholeἐπι: verbal lexeme rendered 'ερχομαι + επι' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
ἐφ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its object phraseἐπί: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'upon' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύaccusative element functioning as object or complement within the clauseσύ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'you' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
πνεῦμαspiritN3M NSN · πνεῦμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or heading termπνεῦμα: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'spirit' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ἀφ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its object phraseἀπό: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'from' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
ὑψηλοῦupselosA1 GSM · ὑψηλόςgenitive element qualifying a related head termὑψηλός: upselos; lexical item used here according to its local syntactic role.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating connective linking the surrounding elementsκαί: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'and' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered 'shall be' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
ἔρημοςa wildernessN2 NSF · ἔρημοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or heading termἔρημος: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'a wilderness' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking a nom phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ΧερμελCarmelN NSM · Χερμελindeclinable particle shaping the clause or discourse flowΧερμελ: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'Carmel' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating connective linking the surrounding elementsκαί: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'and' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking a nom phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ΧερμελCarmelN NSM · Χερμελindeclinable particle shaping the clause or discourse flowΧερμελ: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'Carmel' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition introducing its object phraseεἰς: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'into' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
δρυμὸνforestN2 ASM · δρυμόςaccusative nominal element functioning as object or complement within the clauseδρυμός: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'forest' here and used within the chapter's argument, image, or participant structure.
λογισθήσεταιlogizomaiVS FPI3S · λογίζομαιfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the announced actionλογίζομαι: verbal lexeme rendered 'logizomai' here; in this context it carries the action, declaration, or process that advances Isaiah's oracle.
16
καὶ ἀναπαύσεται ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ κρίμα καὶ δικαιοσύνη ἐν τῷ Καρμήλῳ κατοικήσει
And judgment will rest in the wilderness, and righteousness will dwell on Carmel.
The transformed geography is matched by a transformed social order in which judgment and righteousness find stable dwelling.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating connective linking the surrounding elementsκαί: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'and' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
ἀναπαύσεταιshall restVF FMI3S · παύω + ἀναmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardπαύω + ἀνα: verbal form rendered here as "shall rest"; in this context it advances the action, process, command, or state within Isaiah's oracle.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its object phraseἐν: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'in' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking a dat phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ἐρήμῳwildernessN2 DSF · ἔρημοςdative element marking reference, means, location, or associationἔρημος: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'wilderness' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
κρίμαjudgmentN3M NSN · κρίμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or heading termκρίμα: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'judgment' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating connective linking the surrounding elementsκαί: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'and' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
δικαιοσύνηdikaiosyneN1 NSF · δικαιοσύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or heading termδικαιοσύνη: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'dikaiosyne' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its object phraseἐν: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'in' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking a dat phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ΚαρμήλῳCarmelN DSM · Καρμήλοςindeclinable particle shaping the clause or discourse flowΚαρμήλος: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'Carmel' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
κατοικήσεικαταVF FAI3S · οἱκέω + καταfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardκατα: verbal lexeme rendered 'κατα' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
17
καὶ ἔσται τὰ ἔργα τῆς δικαιοσύνης εἰρήνη καὶ κρατήσει ἡ δικαιοσύνη ἀνάπαυσιν καὶ πεποιθότες ἕως τοῦ αἰῶνος
And the works of righteousness will be peace, and righteousness will seize rest, and there will be confidence forever.
The chapter states the causal result plainly: righteous work yields peace, rest, and lasting confidence.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating connective linking the surrounding elementsκαί: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'and' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered 'shall be' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking a nom phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ἔργαworksN2N NPN · ἔργονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or heading termἔργον: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'works' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking a gen phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
δικαιοσύνηςof righteousnessN1 GSF · δικαιοσύνηgenitive element modifying the associated phraseδικαιοσύνη: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'of righteousness' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
εἰρήνηpeaceN1 NSF · εἰρήνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or heading termεἰρήνη: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'peace' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating connective linking the surrounding elementsκαί: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'and' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
κρατήσειwill seizeVF FAI3S · κρατέωmain verb→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardκρατέω: "seize, master, capture."
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking a nom phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
δικαιοσύνηdikaiosyneN1 NSF · δικαιοσύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or heading termδικαιοσύνη: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'dikaiosyne' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ἀνάπαυσινrestN3I ASF · ἀνάπαυσιςaccusative element functioning as object or complement within the clauseἀνάπαυσις: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'rest' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating connective linking the surrounding elementsκαί: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'and' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
πεποιθότεςtrustingVX · χαπνπμ πείθωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forwardπείθω: verbal lexeme rendered 'trusting' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition introducing its object phraseἕως: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'until' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking a gen phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
αἰῶνοςage / foreverN3W GSM · αἰώνgenitive element modifying the associated phraseαἰών: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'age / forever' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
18
καὶ κατοικήσει ὁ λαὸς αὐτοῦ ἐν πόλει εἰρήνης καὶ ἐνοικήσει πεποιθώς καὶ ἀναπαύσονται μετὰ πλούτου
And his people will dwell in a city of peace and will live in confidence and will rest with wealth.
The restored community inhabits peace, confidence, and restful abundance as the social outcome of renewal.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating connective linking the surrounding elementsκαί: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'and' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
κατοικήσειdwellVFI FAI3S · οἰκέω + καταfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardκατα: verbal lexeme rendered 'dwell' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking a nom phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
λαὸςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or heading termλαός: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'people' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive element modifying the associated phraseαὐτός: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'his' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its object phraseἐν: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'in' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
πόλειcityN3I DSF · πόλιςdative element marking reference, means, location, or associationπόλις: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'city' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
εἰρήνηςpeaceN1 GSF · εἰρήνηgenitive element modifying the associated phraseεἰρήνη: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'peace' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating connective linking the surrounding elementsκαί: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'and' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
ἐνοικήσειdwell inVF FAI3S · οἰκέω + ἐνfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardἐν: verbal lexeme rendered 'dwell in' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
πεποιθώςin confidence / trustingVX · χαπνσμ πείθωcircumstantial participle (manner: 'dwelling confidently')πείθω (2nd perf. πέποιθα): in the perfect, intransitive 'trust / be confident / rely on'; the participle πεποιθώς ('confident / secure') describes the manner of Benjamin's dwelling — in safety and trust; renders לָבֶטַח ('in security'); recurs at v. 28 of Israel.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating connective linking the surrounding elementsκαί: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'and' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
ἀναπαύσονταιrestedVF FMI3P · παύω + ἀναfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardἀνα: verbal lexeme rendered 'rested' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition introducing its object phraseμετά: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'with' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
πλούτουwealthN2 GSM · πλοῦτοςhead noun within the clauseπλοῦτος: lexical item rendered 'wealth' in this chapter's immediate context.
19
ἡ δὲ χάλαζα ἐὰν καταβῇ οὐκ ἐφ' ὑμᾶς ἥξει καὶ ἔσονται οἱ ἐνοικοῦντες ἐν τοῖς δρυμοῖς πεποιθότες ὡς οἱ ἐν τῇ πεδινῇ
But if the hail comes down, it will not come upon you, and those who dwell in the forests will be confident like those in the plain.
Even if destructive weather descends, the people addressed are assured of a protected and level confidence.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking a nom phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
δὲbutX · δέindeclinable particle shaping the clause or discourse flowδέ: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'but' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
χάλαζαhailN1A NSF · χάλαζαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or heading termχάλαζα: hail; the image names a descending storm of judgment that nevertheless does not finally overtake the protected people.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνcoordinating connective linking the surrounding elementsἐάν: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'if' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
καταβῇwent downVZ AAS3S · βαίνω + καταfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist verbal form presenting the action as a wholeκατα: verbal lexeme rendered 'went down' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
οὐκnotD · οὐindeclinable particle shaping the clause or discourse flowοὐ: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'not' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
ἐφ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its object phraseἐπί: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'upon' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύaccusative element functioning as object or complement within the clauseσύ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'you' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ἥξειwill comeVF FAI3S · ἥκωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardἥκω: verbal lexeme rendered 'will come' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating connective linking the surrounding elementsκαί: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'and' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
ἔσονταιbeVF FMI3P · εἰμίfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered 'be' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking a nom phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ἐνοικοῦντεςdwellingV2 · παπνπμ οἰκέω + ἐνparticipial verbal form modifying the clause and supplying attendant action or descriptionἐν: verbal lexeme rendered 'dwelling' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its object phraseἐν: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'in' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking a dat phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
δρυμοῖςforestN2 DPM · δρυμόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionδρυμός: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
πεποιθότεςtrustingVX · χαπνπμ πείθωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forwardπείθω: verbal lexeme rendered 'trusting' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
ὡςasD · ὡςpreposition introducing its object phraseὡς: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'as' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking a nom phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its object phraseἐν: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'in' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking a dat phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
πεδινῇplainA1 DSF · πεδεινόςdative element marking reference, means, location, or associationπεδινός: plain or lowland; the dative feminine form completes the comparison with those settled securely in open country.
20
μακάριοι οἱ σπείροντες ἐπὶ πᾶν ὕδωρ οὗ βοῦς καὶ ὄνος πατεῖ
Blessed are those who sow beside every water, where ox and donkey tread.
The final blessing celebrates settled agricultural life under enduring security and abundance.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
μακάριοιblessedA1A NPM · μακάριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or heading termμακάριος: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'blessed' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking a nom phrase within the clauseὁ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'the' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
σπείροντεςsowV1 · παπνπμ σπείρωparticipial verbal form modifying the clause and supplying attendant action or descriptionσπείρω: verbal lexeme rendered 'sow' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its object phraseἐπί: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'upon' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
πᾶνallA3 NSN · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or heading termπᾶς: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'all' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
ὕδωρwaterN3 NSN · ὕδωρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or heading termὕδωρ: nominal or pronominal form rendered 'water' here and used within Isaiah's imagery, argument, or participant structure.
οὗwho / whichD · ὅςindeclinable particle shaping the clause or discourse flowὅς: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'who / which' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
βοῦςoxN3 NSM · βοῦςnominative element functioning within the clauseβοῦς: lexical item rendered here as "ox"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Isaiah's discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating connective linking the surrounding elementsκαί: connective, prepositional, or particle element rendered 'and' here and used to shape the clause or discourse flow.
ὄνοςdonkeyN2 NSM · ὄνοςnominative element functioning within the clauseὄνος: lexical item rendered here as "donkey"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Isaiah's discourse.
πατεῖmay treadV2 PAI3S · πατέωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ present verbal form presenting ongoing or immediate actionπατέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'may tread' here; in this Isaiah context it advances the oracle's action, speech, or process.