1
ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ ἀπέστειλεν Μαρωδαχ υἱὸς τοῦ Λααδαν ὁ βασιλεὺς τῆς Βαβυλωνίας ἐπιστολὰς καὶ πρέσβεις καὶ δῶρα Εζεκια ἤκουσεν γὰρ ὅτι ἐμαλακίσθη ἕως θανάτου καὶ ἀνέστη
At that time Merodach son of Laadan, the king of Babylon, sent letters and envoys and gifts to Hezekiah, for he had heard that he had been sick unto death and had risen again.
The narrative opens by locating the visit after Hezekiah's recovery. The embassy's stated motive is sympathy and diplomacy, but the scene also prepares the transition from Assyrian deliverance to Babylonian consequence.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: preposition rendered 'in'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, location, source, or reference.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; it marks the following noun phrase as definite and signals its case, number, and gender.
καιρῷtimeN2 DSM · καιρόςdative complement within the clauseκαιρός: nominal form rendered 'time'; here it functions in the dat within Isaiah's discourse.
ἐκείνῳthatRD DSM · ἐκεῖνοςpronoun functioning in dative relation within the clauseἐκεῖνος: pronominal form rendered 'that'; it points to a participant, referent, or relation already active in the discourse.
ἀπέστειλενsentVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποverbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationστέλλω + ἀπο: verbal form rendered 'sent'; in this context it advances the action or assertion of the clause.
ΜαρωδαχMerodachN NSM · Μαρωδαχindeclinable proper name functioning within the clauseΜαρωδαχ: transliterated proper name rendered 'Merodach'; it identifies a person or place within this Isaianic context.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative element functioning within the clauseυἱός: nominal form rendered 'son'; here it functions in the nom within Isaiah's discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; it marks the following noun phrase as definite and signals its case, number, and gender.
ΛααδανLaadanN GSM · Λααδανindeclinable proper name functioning within the clauseΛααδαν: transliterated proper name rendered 'Laadan'; it identifies a person or place within this Isaianic context.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; it marks the following noun phrase as definite and signals its case, number, and gender.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning within the clauseβασιλεύς: nominal form rendered 'king'; here it functions in the nom within Isaiah's discourse.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; it marks the following noun phrase as definite and signals its case, number, and gender.
Βαβυλωνίαςof BabyloniaN1A GSF · Βαβυλωνίαgenitive dependent within the phraseΒαβυλωνία: transliterated proper name rendered 'of Babylonia'; it identifies a person or place within this Isaianic context.
ἐπιστολὰςlettersN1 APF · ἐπιστολήaccusative element functioning as object or goalἐπιστολή: nominal form rendered 'letters'; here it functions in the acc within Isaiah's discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clauseκαὶ: connective or particle rendered 'and'; it links clauses, marks emphasis, or shades the flow of the discourse.
πρέσβειςenvoysN3I APM · πρέσβυςaccusative element functioning as object or goalπρέσβυς: nominal form rendered 'envoys'; here it functions in the acc within Isaiah's discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clauseκαὶ: connective or particle rendered 'and'; it links clauses, marks emphasis, or shades the flow of the discourse.
δῶραgiftsN2N APN · δῶρονaccusative element functioning as object or goalδῶρον: nominal form rendered 'gifts'; here it functions in the acc within Isaiah's discourse.
ΕζεκιαHezekiahN1T ASM · Εζεκιαςaccusative element functioning as object or goalΕζεκιας: transliterated proper name rendered 'Hezekiah'; it identifies a person or place within this Isaianic context.
ἤκουσενheardVAI AAI3S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationἀκούω: verbal form rendered 'heard'; in this context it advances the action or assertion of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρconnective or particle linking the clauseγὰρ: connective or particle rendered 'for'; it links clauses, marks emphasis, or shades the flow of the discourse.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or particle linking the clauseὅτι: connective or particle rendered 'that'; it links clauses, marks emphasis, or shades the flow of the discourse.
ἐμαλακίσθηwas sickVSI API3S · μαλακίζωparticiple modifying the clause with verbal force→ aorist verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationμαλακίζω: verbal form rendered 'was sick'; in this context it advances the action or assertion of the clause.
ἕωςuntoD · ἕωςadverbial element modifying the verbal ideaἕως: adverbial form rendered 'unto'; it modifies the action or the force of the clause.
θανάτουdeathN2 GSM · θάνατοςgenitive dependent within the phraseθάνατος: nominal form rendered 'death'; here it functions in the gen within Isaiah's discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clauseκαὶ: connective or particle rendered 'and'; it links clauses, marks emphasis, or shades the flow of the discourse.
ἀνέστηrose againVHI AAI3S · ἵστημι + ἀναverbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationἵστημι + ἀνα: verbal form rendered 'rose again'; in this context it advances the action or assertion of the clause.
2
καὶ ἐχάρη ἐπ' αὐτοῖς Εζεκιας χαρὰν μεγάλην καὶ ἔδειξεν αὐτοῖς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ νεχωθα καὶ τῆς στακτῆς καὶ τῶν θυμιαμάτων καὶ τοῦ μύρου καὶ τοῦ ἀργυρίου καὶ τοῦ χρυσίου καὶ πάντας τοὺς οἴκους τῶν σκευῶν τῆς γάζης καὶ πάντα ὅσα ἦν ἐν τοῖς θησαυροῖς αὐτοῦ καὶ οὐκ ἦν οὐθέν ὃ οὐκ ἔδειξεν Εζεκιας ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ αὐτοῦ
And Hezekiah rejoiced greatly over them, and he showed them the house of spices, of ointment, and of incense, and of myrrh, and of silver, and of gold, and all the houses of the vessels of the treasury, and everything that was in his storehouses; there was nothing that Hezekiah did not show them in his house.
The king's delighted response drives the problem of the chapter. The Greek emphasizes the exhaustive nature of the display by piling up categories of wealth and concluding that nothing was withheld.
Word-by-word analysis· 57 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clauseκαὶ: connective or particle rendered 'and'; it links clauses, marks emphasis, or shades the flow of the discourse.
ἐχάρηhe rejoicedVDI API3S · χαίρωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationἐχάρη: lexical item rendered 'he rejoiced' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐπ'byP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phraseἐπ': preposition rendered 'by'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, location, source, or reference.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning in dative relation within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form rendered 'them'; it points to a participant, referent, or relation already active in the discourse.
ΕζεκιαςEzekiasN1T NSM · Εζεκιαςnominal element within the genealogical noticeΕζεκιας: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "Ezekias".
χαρὰνjoyN1A ASF · χαράaccusative element functioning as object or goalχαρά: nominal form rendered 'joy'; here it functions in the acc within Isaiah's discourse.
μεγάληνgreatA1 ASF · μέγαςaccusative element functioning as object or goalμέγας: nominal form rendered 'great'; here it functions in the acc within Isaiah's discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clauseκαὶ: connective or particle rendered 'and'; it links clauses, marks emphasis, or shades the flow of the discourse.
ἔδειξενshowVAI AAI3S · δεικνύωfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationδεικνύω: 'show'; a regular verbal item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning in dative relation within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form rendered 'them'; it points to a participant, referent, or relation already active in the discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; it marks the following noun phrase as definite and signals its case, number, and gender.
οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object or goalοἶκος: nominal form rendered 'house'; here it functions in the acc within Isaiah's discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; it marks the following noun phrase as definite and signals its case, number, and gender.
νεχωθαspicesN GSM · νεχωθαindeclinable element functioning within the clauseνεχωθα: likely a loanword referring to aromatic stores or spice goods; in this inventory context it denotes the scented valuables Hezekiah displays to the Babylonian envoys.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clauseκαὶ: connective or particle rendered 'and'; it links clauses, marks emphasis, or shades the flow of the discourse.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; it marks the following noun phrase as definite and signals its case, number, and gender.
στακτῆςointmentN1 GSF · στακτήgenitive dependent within the phraseστακτή: literally a dripping or distilled aromatic substance; here it names a costly perfumed ointment among the royal stores.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clauseκαὶ: connective or particle rendered 'and'; it links clauses, marks emphasis, or shades the flow of the discourse.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; it marks the following noun phrase as definite and signals its case, number, and gender.
θυμιαμάτωνincensesN3M GPN · θυμίαμαgenitive dependent within the phraseθυμίαμα: nominal form rendered 'incenses'; here it functions in the gen within Isaiah's discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clauseκαὶ: connective or particle rendered 'and'; it links clauses, marks emphasis, or shades the flow of the discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; it marks the following noun phrase as definite and signals its case, number, and gender.
μύρουmyronN2N GSN · μύρονcommon noun within the clauseμύρον: 'myron'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clauseκαὶ: connective or particle rendered 'and'; it links clauses, marks emphasis, or shades the flow of the discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; it marks the following noun phrase as definite and signals its case, number, and gender.
ἀργυρίουsilverN2N GSN · ἀργύριονgenitive dependent within the phraseἀργύριον: nominal form rendered 'silver'; here it functions in the gen within Isaiah's discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clauseκαὶ: connective or particle rendered 'and'; it links clauses, marks emphasis, or shades the flow of the discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; it marks the following noun phrase as definite and signals its case, number, and gender.
χρυσίουgoldN2N GSN · χρυσίονgenitive dependent within the phraseχρυσίον: nominal form rendered 'gold'; here it functions in the gen within Isaiah's discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clauseκαὶ: connective or particle rendered 'and'; it links clauses, marks emphasis, or shades the flow of the discourse.
πάνταςallA1S APM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goalπᾶς: nominal form rendered 'all'; here it functions in the acc within Isaiah's discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; it marks the following noun phrase as definite and signals its case, number, and gender.
οἴκουςhousesN2 APM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object or goalοἶκος: nominal form rendered 'houses'; here it functions in the acc within Isaiah's discourse.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; it marks the following noun phrase as definite and signals its case, number, and gender.
σκευῶνvesselsN3E GPN · σκεῦοςgenitive dependent within the phraseσκεῦος: nominal form rendered 'vessels'; here it functions in the gen within Isaiah's discourse.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; it marks the following noun phrase as definite and signals its case, number, and gender.
γάζηςtreasuryN1S GSF · γάζαgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or descriptionγάζα: nominal or descriptive term meaning "treasury" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clauseκαὶ: connective or particle rendered 'and'; it links clauses, marks emphasis, or shades the flow of the discourse.
πάνταallA1S ASN · πᾶςadjectival form qualifying a noun or phraseπᾶς: 'all'; adjectival lexeme qualifying a noun or functioning substantivally in context.
ὅσαwhateverA1 APN · ὅσοςaccusative element functioning as object or goalὅσος: nominal form rendered 'whatever'; here it functions in the acc within Isaiah's discourse.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the clause forward→ imperfect verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationεἰμί: verbal form rendered 'was'; in this context it advances the action or assertion of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: preposition rendered 'in'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, location, source, or reference.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; it marks the following noun phrase as definite and signals its case, number, and gender.
θησαυροῖςtreasuryN2 DPM · θησαυρόςnominal term functioning as a dative complementθησαυρός: rendered here as 'treasury' in the immediate context of Jerusalem's resettlement, priestly memory, wall-dedication praise, or Nehemiah's reform program.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning in genitive relation within the phraseαὐτός: pronominal form rendered 'his'; it points to a participant, referent, or relation already active in the discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clauseκαὶ: connective or particle rendered 'and'; it links clauses, marks emphasis, or shades the flow of the discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial element modifying the verbal ideaοὐκ: adverbial form rendered 'not'; it modifies the action or the force of the clause.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the clause forward→ imperfect verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationεἰμί: verbal form rendered 'was'; in this context it advances the action or assertion of the clause.
οὐθένοὐδείςA3 ASN · οὐδείςaccusative element functioning as object or goalοὐδείς: 'οὐδείς'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the acc case within the clause.
ὃwhichRR NSM · ὅςpronoun functioning in nominative relation within the clauseὅς: pronominal form rendered 'which'; it points to a participant, referent, or relation already active in the discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial element modifying the verbal ideaοὐκ: adverbial form rendered 'not'; it modifies the action or the force of the clause.
ἔδειξενshowVAI AAI3S · δεικνύωfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationδεικνύω: 'show'; a regular verbal item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
ΕζεκιαςEzekiasN1T NSM · Εζεκιαςnominal element within the genealogical noticeΕζεκιας: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "Ezekias".
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: preposition rendered 'in'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, location, source, or reference.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; it marks the following noun phrase as definite and signals its case, number, and gender.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςdative complement within the clauseοἶκος: nominal form rendered 'house'; here it functions in the dat within Isaiah's discourse.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning in genitive relation within the phraseαὐτός: pronominal form rendered 'his'; it points to a participant, referent, or relation already active in the discourse.
3
καὶ ἦλθεν Ησαιας ὁ προφήτης πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα Εζεκιαν καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτόν τί λέγουσιν οἱ ἄνθρωποι οὗτοι καὶ πόθεν ἥκασιν πρὸς σέ καὶ εἶπεν Εζεκιας ἐκ γῆς πόρρωθεν ἥκασιν πρός με ἐκ Βαβυλῶνος
Then Isaiah the prophet came to King Hezekiah and said to him, 'What are these men saying, and from where have they come to you?' And Hezekiah said, 'They have come to me from a distant land, from Babylon.'
Isaiah enters as examiner rather than comforter. His questions force the king to interpret the diplomatic visit in theological rather than merely political terms.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clauseκαὶ: connective or particle rendered 'and'; it links clauses, marks emphasis, or shades the flow of the discourse.
ἦλθενcameVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationἔρχομαι: verbal form rendered 'came'; in this context it advances the action or assertion of the clause.
ΗσαιαςIsaiahN1T NSM · Ησαιαςsubject of εἶπενΗσαιας: the prophet as speaking subject; declinable, here nominative.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; it marks the following noun phrase as definite and signals its case, number, and gender.
προφήτηςprophetN1M NSM · προφήτηςnominative element functioning within the clauseπροφήτης: nominal form rendered 'prophet'; here it functions in the nom within Isaiah's discourse.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phraseπρὸς: preposition rendered 'to'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, location, source, or reference.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; it marks the following noun phrase as definite and signals its case, number, and gender.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςaccusative element functioning as object or goalβασιλεύς: nominal form rendered 'king'; here it functions in the acc within Isaiah's discourse.
ΕζεκιανEzekiasN1T ASM · Εζεκιαςnominal element within the genealogical noticeΕζεκιας: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "Ezekias".
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clauseκαὶ: connective or particle rendered 'and'; it links clauses, marks emphasis, or shades the flow of the discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationεἶπον: verbal form rendered 'said'; in this context it advances the action or assertion of the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phraseπρὸς: preposition rendered 'to'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, location, source, or reference.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or goal within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form rendered 'him'; it points to a participant, referent, or relation already active in the discourse.
τίwhatRI ASM · τίςpronoun functioning as object or goal within the clauseτίς: pronominal form rendered 'what'; it points to a participant, referent, or relation already active in the discourse.
λέγουσινare sayingV1 PAI3P · λέγωparticiple modifying the clause with verbal force→ present verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationλέγω: verbal form rendered 'are saying'; in this context it advances the action or assertion of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; it marks the following noun phrase as definite and signals its case, number, and gender.
ἄνθρωποιmenN2 NPM · ἄνθρωποςnominative element functioning within the clauseἄνθρωπος: nominal form rendered 'men'; here it functions in the nom within Isaiah's discourse.
οὗτοιtheseRD NPM · οὗτοςpronoun functioning in nominative relation within the clauseοὗτος: pronominal form rendered 'these'; it points to a participant, referent, or relation already active in the discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clauseκαὶ: connective or particle rendered 'and'; it links clauses, marks emphasis, or shades the flow of the discourse.
πόθενfrom whereD · πόθενadverbial element modifying the verbal ideaπόθεν: adverbial form rendered 'from where'; it modifies the action or the force of the clause.
ἥκασινhave comeV1 PAI3P · ἥκωparticiple modifying the clause with verbal force→ present verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationἥκω: verbal form rendered 'have come'; in this context it advances the action or assertion of the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phraseπρὸς: preposition rendered 'to'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, location, source, or reference.
σέyouRP AS · σύpronoun functioning as object or goal within the clauseσύ: pronominal form rendered 'you'; it points to a participant, referent, or relation already active in the discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clauseκαὶ: connective or particle rendered 'and'; it links clauses, marks emphasis, or shades the flow of the discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationεἶπον: verbal form rendered 'said'; in this context it advances the action or assertion of the clause.
ΕζεκιαςEzekiasN1T NSM · Εζεκιαςnominal element within the genealogical noticeΕζεκιας: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "Ezekias".
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phraseἐκ: preposition rendered 'from'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, location, source, or reference.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive dependent within the phraseγῆ: nominal form rendered 'land'; here it functions in the gen within Isaiah's discourse.
πόρρωθενfrom afarD · πόρρωθενadverbial element modifying the verbal ideaπόρρωθεν: adverbial form rendered 'from afar'; it modifies the action or the force of the clause.
ἥκασινhave comeV1 PAI3P · ἥκωparticiple modifying the clause with verbal force→ present verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationἥκω: verbal form rendered 'have come'; in this context it advances the action or assertion of the clause.
πρόςπρόςP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phraseπρός: preposition rendered 'πρός'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, location, source, or reference.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronoun functioning as object or goal within the clauseἐγώ: pronominal form rendered 'me'; it points to a participant, referent, or relation already active in the discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phraseἐκ: preposition rendered 'from'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, location, source, or reference.
ΒαβυλῶνοςBabylonN3W GSF · Βαβυλώνgenitive dependent within the phraseΒαβυλών: transliterated proper name rendered 'Babylon'; it identifies a person or place within this Isaianic context.
4
καὶ εἶπεν Ησαιας τί εἴδοσαν ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ σου καὶ εἶπεν Εζεκιας πάντα τὰ ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ μου εἴδοσαν καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ μου ὃ οὐκ εἴδοσαν ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ ἐν τοῖς θησαυροῖς μου
And Isaiah said, 'What did they see in your house?' And Hezekiah said, 'They saw everything in my house, and there is nothing in my house that they did not see, including the things in my storehouses.'
The second question narrows from the visitors' origin to the scope of Hezekiah's disclosure. The answer confirms the total exposure of royal wealth.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clauseκαὶ: connective or particle rendered 'and'; it links clauses, marks emphasis, or shades the flow of the discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationεἶπον: verbal form rendered 'said'; in this context it advances the action or assertion of the clause.
ΗσαιαςIsaiahN1T NSM · Ησαιαςsubject of εἶπενΗσαιας: the prophet as speaking subject; declinable, here nominative.
τίwhatRI ASM · τίςpronoun functioning as object or goal within the clauseτίς: pronominal form rendered 'what'; it points to a participant, referent, or relation already active in the discourse.
εἴδοσανoraoVBI AAI3P · ὁράωfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationὁράω: verbal form rendered 'orao' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: preposition rendered 'in'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, location, source, or reference.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; it marks the following noun phrase as definite and signals its case, number, and gender.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςdative complement within the clauseοἶκος: nominal form rendered 'house'; here it functions in the dat within Isaiah's discourse.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronoun functioning in genitive relation within the phraseσύ: pronominal form rendered 'your'; it points to a participant, referent, or relation already active in the discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clauseκαὶ: connective or particle rendered 'and'; it links clauses, marks emphasis, or shades the flow of the discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationεἶπον: verbal form rendered 'said'; in this context it advances the action or assertion of the clause.
ΕζεκιαςEzekiasN1T NSM · Εζεκιαςnominal element within the genealogical noticeΕζεκιας: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "Ezekias".
πάνταallA1S APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goalπᾶς: nominal form rendered 'all'; here it functions in the acc within Isaiah's discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; it marks the following noun phrase as definite and signals its case, number, and gender.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: preposition rendered 'in'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, location, source, or reference.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; it marks the following noun phrase as definite and signals its case, number, and gender.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςdative complement within the clauseοἶκος: nominal form rendered 'house'; here it functions in the dat within Isaiah's discourse.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronoun functioning in genitive relation within the phraseἐγώ: pronominal form rendered 'my'; it points to a participant, referent, or relation already active in the discourse.
εἴδοσανoraoVBI AAI3P · ὁράωfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationὁράω: verbal form rendered 'orao' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clauseκαὶ: connective or particle rendered 'and'; it links clauses, marks emphasis, or shades the flow of the discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial element modifying the verbal ideaοὐκ: adverbial form rendered 'not'; it modifies the action or the force of the clause.
ἔστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple modifying the clause with verbal force→ present verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationεἰμί: verbal form rendered 'is'; in this context it advances the action or assertion of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: preposition rendered 'in'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, location, source, or reference.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; it marks the following noun phrase as definite and signals its case, number, and gender.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςdative complement within the clauseοἶκος: nominal form rendered 'house'; here it functions in the dat within Isaiah's discourse.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronoun functioning in genitive relation within the phraseἐγώ: pronominal form rendered 'my'; it points to a participant, referent, or relation already active in the discourse.
ὃwhichRR NSM · ὅςpronoun functioning in nominative relation within the clauseὅς: pronominal form rendered 'which'; it points to a participant, referent, or relation already active in the discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial element modifying the verbal ideaοὐκ: adverbial form rendered 'not'; it modifies the action or the force of the clause.
εἴδοσανoraoVBI AAI3P · ὁράωfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationὁράω: verbal form rendered 'orao' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάconnective or particle linking the clauseἀλλὰ: connective or particle rendered 'but'; it links clauses, marks emphasis, or shades the flow of the discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clauseκαὶ: connective or particle rendered 'and'; it links clauses, marks emphasis, or shades the flow of the discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; it marks the following noun phrase as definite and signals its case, number, and gender.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: preposition rendered 'in'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, location, source, or reference.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; it marks the following noun phrase as definite and signals its case, number, and gender.
θησαυροῖςtreasuryN2 DPM · θησαυρόςnominal term functioning as a dative complementθησαυρός: rendered here as 'treasury' in the immediate context of Jerusalem's resettlement, priestly memory, wall-dedication praise, or Nehemiah's reform program.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronoun functioning in genitive relation within the phraseἐγώ: pronominal form rendered 'my'; it points to a participant, referent, or relation already active in the discourse.
5
καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ Ησαιας ἄκουσον τὸν λόγον κυρίου σαβαωθ
And Isaiah said to him, 'Hear the word of the Lord Sabaoth.'
This brief verse functions as the formal threshold of judgment. The title 'Lord Sabaoth' heightens the solemnity of the coming sentence.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clauseκαὶ: connective or particle rendered 'and'; it links clauses, marks emphasis, or shades the flow of the discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationεἶπον: verbal form rendered 'said'; in this context it advances the action or assertion of the clause.
αὐτῷαὐτόςRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning in dative relation within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form rendered 'αὐτός'; it points to a participant, referent, or relation already active in the discourse.
ΗσαιαςIsaiahN1T NSM · Ησαιαςsubject of εἶπενΗσαιας: the prophet as speaking subject; declinable, here nominative.
ἄκουσονheardVA AAD2S · ἀκούωmain verb (subject ἔθνη)→ aorist imperative issuing a direct commandἀκούω: 'hear'; renders Hebrew שָׁמְעוּ ('they heard'); the nations hear the report of the LORD's deed at the sea — hearing that triggers terror; cf. Rahab's words, 'we have heard' (Josh 2:10).
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; it marks the following noun phrase as definite and signals its case, number, and gender.
λόγονwordN2 ASM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object or goalλόγος: nominal form rendered 'word'; here it functions in the acc within Isaiah's discourse.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive dependent within the phraseκύριος: nominal form rendered 'of the Lord'; here it functions in the gen within Isaiah's discourse.
σαβαωθSabaothN G · σαβαωθindeclinable proper name functioning within the clauseσαβαωθ: transliterated proper name rendered 'Sabaoth'; it identifies a person or place within this Isaianic context.
6
ἰδοὺ ἡμέραι ἔρχονται λέγει κύριος καὶ λήμψονται πάντα τὰ ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ σου καὶ ὅσα συνήγαγον οἱ πατέρες σου ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης εἰς Βαβυλῶνα ἥξει καὶ οὐδὲν οὐ μὴ καταλίπωσιν εἶπεν δὲ ὁ θεὸς
Behold, days are coming, says the Lord, and they shall take everything in your house, and whatever your fathers have gathered until this day; it shall go to Babylon, and they shall leave nothing behind, says God.
The prophecy reverses Hezekiah's open-handed display: what he showed freely will one day be taken completely. The stress falls on total loss and on Babylon as the destination.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούindeclinable element functioning within the clauseἰδού: lexical item rendered 'behold'; it contributes to the clause in its present Isaianic context.
ἡμέραιdaysN1A NPF · ἡμέραnominative element functioning within the clauseἡμέρα: nominal form rendered 'days'; here it functions in the nom within Isaiah's discourse.
ἔρχονταιare comingV1 PMI3P · ἔρχομαιparticiple modifying the clause with verbal force→ present verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationἔρχομαι: verbal form rendered 'are coming'; in this context it advances the action or assertion of the clause.
λέγειsaysV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple modifying the clause with verbal force→ present verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationλέγω: verbal form rendered 'says'; in this context it advances the action or assertion of the clause.
κύριοςκύριοςN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning within the clauseκύριος: nominal form rendered 'κύριος'; here it functions in the nom within Isaiah's discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clauseκαὶ: connective or particle rendered 'and'; it links clauses, marks emphasis, or shades the flow of the discourse.
λήμψονταιthey will takeVF FMI3P · λαμβάνωverbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationλαμβάνω: verbal form rendered 'they will take'; in this context it advances the action or assertion of the clause.
πάνταallA3 ASN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goalπᾶς: nominal form rendered 'all'; here it functions in the acc within Isaiah's discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; it marks the following noun phrase as definite and signals its case, number, and gender.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: preposition rendered 'in'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, location, source, or reference.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; it marks the following noun phrase as definite and signals its case, number, and gender.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςdative complement within the clauseοἶκος: nominal form rendered 'house'; here it functions in the dat within Isaiah's discourse.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronoun functioning in genitive relation within the phraseσύ: pronominal form rendered 'your'; it points to a participant, referent, or relation already active in the discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clauseκαὶ: connective or particle rendered 'and'; it links clauses, marks emphasis, or shades the flow of the discourse.
ὅσαwhateverA1 APN · ὅσοςaccusative element functioning as object or goalὅσος: nominal form rendered 'whatever'; here it functions in the acc within Isaiah's discourse.
συνήγαγονgatheredVBI AAI3P · ἄγω + συνverbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationἄγω + συν: verbal form rendered 'gathered'; in this context it advances the action or assertion of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; it marks the following noun phrase as definite and signals its case, number, and gender.
πατέρεςfathersN3 NPM · πατήρnominative element functioning within the clauseπατήρ: nominal form rendered 'fathers'; here it functions in the nom within Isaiah's discourse.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronoun functioning in genitive relation within the phraseσύ: pronominal form rendered 'your'; it points to a participant, referent, or relation already active in the discourse.
ἕωςuntoP · ἕωςpreposition governing the following phraseἕως: preposition rendered 'unto'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, location, source, or reference.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; it marks the following noun phrase as definite and signals its case, number, and gender.
ἡμέραςἡμέραN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive dependent within the phraseἡμέρα: nominal form rendered 'ἡμέρα'; here it functions in the gen within Isaiah's discourse.
ταύτηςthisRD GSF · οὗτοςpronoun functioning in genitive relation within the phraseοὗτος: pronominal form rendered 'this'; it points to a participant, referent, or relation already active in the discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: preposition rendered 'into'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, location, source, or reference.
ΒαβυλῶναΒαβυλώνN3W ASF · Βαβυλώνaccusative element functioning as object or goalΒαβυλών: nominal form rendered 'Βαβυλών'; here it functions in the acc within Isaiah's discourse.
ἥξειἥκωVF FAI3S · ἥκωverbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationἥκω: verbal form rendered 'ἥκω'; in this context it advances the action or assertion of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clauseκαὶ: connective or particle rendered 'and'; it links clauses, marks emphasis, or shades the flow of the discourse.
οὐδὲνnothingA3 ASN · οὐδείςaccusative element functioning as object or goalοὐδείς: nominal form rendered 'nothing'; here it functions in the acc within Isaiah's discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial element modifying the verbal ideaοὐ: adverbial form rendered 'not'; it modifies the action or the force of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial element modifying the verbal ideaμὴ: adverbial form rendered 'not'; it modifies the action or the force of the clause.
καταλίπωσινleave behindVF FAI3P · λείπω + καταverbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationλείπω + κατα: verbal form rendered 'leave behind'; in this context it advances the action or assertion of the clause.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationεἶπον: verbal form rendered 'said'; in this context it advances the action or assertion of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle linking the clauseδὲ: connective or particle rendered 'but'; it links clauses, marks emphasis, or shades the flow of the discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; it marks the following noun phrase as definite and signals its case, number, and gender.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning within the clauseθεός: nominal form rendered 'God'; here it functions in the nom within Isaiah's discourse.
7
ὅτι καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν τέκνων σου ὧν ἐγέννησας λήμψονται καὶ ποιήσουσιν σπάδοντας ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τοῦ βασιλέως τῶν Βαβυλωνίων
And from your sons whom you have begotten they shall also take some, and they shall make them eunuchs in the house of the king of the Babylonians.
The oracle moves from treasure to dynasty. Exile will not only strip Judah's wealth but also humiliate the royal line by placing its sons in foreign court service.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or particle linking the clauseὅτι: connective or particle rendered 'that'; it links clauses, marks emphasis, or shades the flow of the discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clauseκαὶ: connective or particle rendered 'and'; it links clauses, marks emphasis, or shades the flow of the discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phraseἀπὸ: preposition rendered 'from'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, location, source, or reference.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; it marks the following noun phrase as definite and signals its case, number, and gender.
τέκνωνchildrenN2N GPN · τέκνονgenitive dependent within the phraseτέκνον: nominal form rendered 'children'; here it functions in the gen within Isaiah's discourse.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronoun functioning in genitive relation within the phraseσύ: pronominal form rendered 'your'; it points to a participant, referent, or relation already active in the discourse.
ὧνwhomRR GPM · ὅςpronoun functioning in genitive relation within the phraseὅς: pronominal form rendered 'whom'; it points to a participant, referent, or relation already active in the discourse.
ἐγέννησαςyou begotVAI AAI2S · γεννάωverbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationγεννάω: verbal form rendered 'you begot'; in this context it advances the action or assertion of the clause.
λήμψονταιthey will takeVF FMI3P · λαμβάνωverbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationλαμβάνω: verbal form rendered 'they will take'; in this context it advances the action or assertion of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clauseκαὶ: connective or particle rendered 'and'; it links clauses, marks emphasis, or shades the flow of the discourse.
ποιήσουσινthey will makeVF FAI3P · ποιέωverbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationποιέω: verbal form rendered 'they will make'; in this context it advances the action or assertion of the clause.
σπάδονταςeunuchsN3 APM · σπάδωνaccusative element functioning as object or goalσπάδων: eunuch or court official; here it marks the humiliation of royal offspring pressed into foreign palace service.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: preposition rendered 'in'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, location, source, or reference.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; it marks the following noun phrase as definite and signals its case, number, and gender.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςdative complement within the clauseοἶκος: nominal form rendered 'house'; here it functions in the dat within Isaiah's discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; it marks the following noun phrase as definite and signals its case, number, and gender.
βασιλέωςβασιλεύςN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive dependent within the phraseβασιλεύς: nominal form rendered 'βασιλεύς'; here it functions in the gen within Isaiah's discourse.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; it marks the following noun phrase as definite and signals its case, number, and gender.
ΒαβυλωνίωνBabyloniansN2 GPM · Βαβυλώνιοςgenitive dependent within the phraseΒαβυλώνιος: nominal form rendered 'Babylonians'; here it functions in the gen within Isaiah's discourse.
8
καὶ εἶπεν Εζεκιας πρὸς Ησαιαν ἀγαθὸς ὁ λόγος κυρίου ὃν ἐλάλησεν γενέσθω δὴ εἰρήνη καὶ δικαιοσύνη ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις μου
And Hezekiah said to Isaiah, 'Good is the word of the Lord that he has spoken. Let there indeed be peace and righteousness in my days.'
Hezekiah submits to the prophetic word, yet the content of his acceptance is limited to present stability. The verse closes the chapter with obedience mixed with a constricted horizon.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clauseκαὶ: connective or particle rendered 'and'; it links clauses, marks emphasis, or shades the flow of the discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationεἶπον: verbal form rendered 'said'; in this context it advances the action or assertion of the clause.
ΕζεκιαςEzekiasN1T NSM · Εζεκιαςnominal element within the genealogical noticeΕζεκιας: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "Ezekias".
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phraseπρὸς: preposition rendered 'to'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, location, source, or reference.
ΗσαιανΗσαιανN1T ASM · Ησαιανaccusative element functioning as object or goalΗσαιαν: nominal form rendered 'Ησαιαν'; here it functions in the acc within Isaiah's discourse.
ἀγαθὸςgoodA1 NSM · ἀγαθόςnominative element functioning within the clauseἀγαθός: nominal form rendered 'good'; here it functions in the nom within Isaiah's discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; it marks the following noun phrase as definite and signals its case, number, and gender.
λόγοςλόγοςN2 NSM · λόγοςnominative element functioning within the clauseλόγος: nominal form rendered 'λόγος'; here it functions in the nom within Isaiah's discourse.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive dependent within the phraseκύριος: nominal form rendered 'of the Lord'; here it functions in the gen within Isaiah's discourse.
ὃνὅςRR ASM · ὅςpronoun functioning as object or goal within the clauseὅς: pronominal form rendered 'ὅς'; it points to a participant, referent, or relation already active in the discourse.
ἐλάλησενspokeVAI AAI3S · λαλέωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationλαλέω: verbal form rendered 'spoke'; in this context it advances the action or assertion of the clause.
γενέσθωlet there beVB AMD3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist imperative issuing a direct commandγίγνομαι: verbal form rendered 'let there be'; in this context it advances the action or assertion of the clause.
δὴindeedX · δήconnective or particle linking the clauseδὴ: connective or particle rendered 'indeed'; it links clauses, marks emphasis, or shades the flow of the discourse.
εἰρήνηpeaceN1 NSF · εἰρήνηnominative element functioning within the clauseεἰρήνη: nominal form rendered 'peace'; here it functions in the nom within Isaiah's discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clauseκαὶ: connective or particle rendered 'and'; it links clauses, marks emphasis, or shades the flow of the discourse.
δικαιοσύνηrighteousnessN1 NSF · δικαιοσύνηnominative element functioning within the clauseδικαιοσύνη: nominal form rendered 'righteousness'; here it functions in the nom within Isaiah's discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: preposition rendered 'in'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, location, source, or reference.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; it marks the following noun phrase as definite and signals its case, number, and gender.
ἡμέραιςdaysN1A DPF · ἡμέραdative complement within the clauseἡμέρα: nominal form rendered 'days'; here it functions in the dat within Isaiah's discourse.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronoun functioning in genitive relation within the phraseἐγώ: pronominal form rendered 'my'; it points to a participant, referent, or relation already active in the discourse.