1
ἐγκαινίζεσθε πρός με νῆσοι οἱ γὰρ ἄρχοντες ἀλλάξουσιν ἰσχύν ἐγγισάτωσαν καὶ λαλησάτωσαν ἅμα τότε κρίσιν ἀναγγειλάτωσαν
Be renewed toward me, O islands; for the rulers will exchange their strength. Let them draw near and speak together; then let them declare the judgment.
The chapter opens like a courtroom summons in which the distant nations and their rulers are told to appear, gather strength, and state their case before the Lord.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἐγκαινίζεσθεdedicateV1 PMD2P · καινίζω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκαινίζω + ἐν: meaning 'dedicate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρόςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
νῆσοιislandsN2 NPF · νήσοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνήσος: meaning 'islands'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄρχοντεςrulersN3 NPM · ἄρχωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄρχων: meaning 'rulers'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀλλάξουσινchangedVF FAI3P · ἀλλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀλλάσσω: meaning 'changed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἰσχύνstrengthN3 ASF · ἰσχύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐγγισάτωσανdrew nearVA AAD3P · ἐγγίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἐγγίζω: meaning 'drew near'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λαλησάτωσανspokeVA AAD3P · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateλαλέω: meaning 'spoke'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἅμαtogetherD · ἅμαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἅμα: meaning 'together'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τότεthenD · τότεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτότε: meaning 'then'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κρίσινjudgmentN3I ASF · κρίσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀναγγειλάτωσανproclaimVA AAD3P · ἀγγέλλω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀγγέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'proclaim'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
2
τίς ἐξήγειρεν ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν δικαιοσύνην ἐκάλεσεν αὐτὴν κατὰ πόδας αὐτοῦ καὶ πορεύσεται δώσει ἐναντίον ἐθνῶν καὶ βασιλεῖς ἐκστήσει καὶ δώσει εἰς γῆν τὰς μαχαίρας αὐτῶν καὶ ὡς φρύγανα ἐξωσμένα τὰ τόξα αὐτῶν
Who stirred up righteousness from the east, called it to follow at his feet, and will hand nations over before him and dismay kings? He will make their swords like dust on the ground and their bows like wind-driven stubble.
The driving question asks who has raised up the eastern conqueror and given him success over nations and kings, implying that the Lord alone governs history.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
τίςwhatRI NSM · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτίς: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐξήγειρενstir upV1I IAI3S · ἀγείρω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀγείρω + ἐκ: meaning 'stir up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀνατολῶνeastN1 GPF · ἀνατολήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνατολή: meaning 'east'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δικαιοσύνηνrighteousnessN1 ASF · δικαιοσύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐκάλεσενcalledVAI AAI3S · καλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκαλέω: meaning 'called'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὴνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πόδαςfootN3D APM · πούςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπούς: meaning 'foot'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πορεύσεταιwentVF FMI3S · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπορεύομαι: meaning 'went'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δώσειgiveVF FAI3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐναντίονbefore / in the sight ofD · ἐναντίονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐναντίον: meaning 'before'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐθνῶνnationN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βασιλεῖςkingN3V APM · βασιλεύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐκστήσειwere terrified / panickedVF FAI3S · ἵστημι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵστημι + ἐκ: meaning 'were terrified'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δώσειgiveVF FAI3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαχαίραςswordN1 APF · μάχαιραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμάχαιρα: meaning 'sword'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasD · ὡςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φρύγαναφρυγανονN2N APN · φρύγανονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφρύγανον: meaning 'φρυγανον'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐξωσμέναπμπαπν ωθεω V2 · πμπαπν ὠθέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπαπν ὠθέω + ἐκ: meaning 'πμπαπν ωθεω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τόξαbowN2N APN · τόξονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτόξον: meaning 'bow'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
3
καὶ διώξεται αὐτοὺς καὶ διελεύσεται ἐν εἰρήνῃ ἡ ὁδὸς τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ
He will pursue them and pass through in peace; the path of his feet shall go unhindered.
The conqueror advances without obstruction, underscoring the irresistible character of the mission granted to him.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διώξεταιpursueVF FMI3S · διώκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδιώκω: meaning 'pursue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διελεύσεταιpass throughVF FMI3S · ἔρχομαι + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἔρχομαι + δια: meaning 'pass through'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
εἰρήνῃpeaceN1 DSF · εἰρήνηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceεἰρήνη: meaning 'peace'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδὸςwayN2 NSF · ὁδόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποδῶνfootN3D GPM · πούςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπούς: meaning 'foot'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
4
τίς ἐνήργησεν καὶ ἐποίησεν ταῦτα ἐκάλεσεν αὐτὴν ὁ καλῶν αὐτὴν ἀπὸ γενεῶν ἀρχῆς ἐγὼ θεὸς πρῶτος καὶ εἰς τὰ ἐπερχόμενα ἐγώ εἰμι
Who has worked and done these things, summoning it from generations from the beginning? I am God, first, and in the things that are coming I am.
The answer to the question is the Lord himself, the first and the one present in what is still to come.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
τίςwhatRI NSM · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτίς: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνήργησενto be active / to workVAI AAI3S · ἐνεργέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἐνεργέω: meaning 'to be active'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ταῦταthisRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκάλεσενcalledVAI AAI3S · καλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκαλέω: meaning 'called'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὴνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καλῶνπαπνσμ καλεωV2 · παπνσμ καλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ καλέω: meaning 'παπνσμ καλεω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὴνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γενεῶνgenerationN1A GPF · γενεάgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγενεά: meaning 'generation'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀρχῆςbeginningN1 GSF · ἀρχήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀρχή: meaning 'beginning'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πρῶτοςfirstA1 NSMS · πρῶτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπρῶτος: meaning 'first'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπερχόμεναἔρχομαι + ἐπιV1 · πμπαπν ἔρχομαι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπαπν ἔρχομαι + ἐπι: meaning 'ἔρχομαι + ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐγώIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγώ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰμιisV9 PAI1S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
5
εἴδοσαν ἔθνη καὶ ἐφοβήθησαν τὰ ἄκρα τῆς γῆς ἤγγισαν καὶ ἤλθοσαν ἅμα
The nations saw and were afraid; the ends of the earth drew near and came together.
The nations respond with fear and collective movement, showing that the divine intervention has international scope.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
εἴδοσανoraoVBI AAI3P · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁράω: meaning 'orao'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔθνηnationN3E NPN · ἔθνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐφοβήθησανfearVCI API3P · φοβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristφοβέω: meaning 'fear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄκραtips / endsA1A NPN · ἄκροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄκρος: meaning 'tips'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἤγγισανdrew nearVAI AAI3P · ἐγγίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἐγγίζω: meaning 'drew near'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤλθοσανcameVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: meaning 'came'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἅμαtogetherD · ἅμαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἅμα: meaning 'together'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
6
κρίνων ἕκαστος τῷ πλησίον καὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ βοηθῆσαι καὶ ἐρεῖ
Each one judging his neighbor, even to his brother he will say, 'Help.'
The peoples encourage one another in the face of terror, but the mutual encouragement anticipates the futility of their response.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
κρίνωνpapnsm krinoV1 · παπνσμ κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ κρίνω: meaning 'papnsm krino'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἕκαστοςeachA1 NSM · ἕκαστοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἕκαστος: meaning 'each'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλησίονneighborD · πλησίονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλησίον: meaning 'neighbor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφῷbrothersN2 DSM · ἀδελφόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀδελφός: meaning 'brothers'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
βοηθῆσαιhelpVA AAN · βοηθέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementβοηθέω: meaning 'help'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρεῖsaidVF2 FAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
7
ἴσχυσεν ἀνὴρ τέκτων καὶ χαλκεὺς τύπτων σφύρῃ ἅμα ἐλαύνων ποτὲ μὲν ἐρεῖ σύμβλημα καλόν ἐστιν ἰσχύρωσαν αὐτὰ ἐν ἥλοις θήσουσιν αὐτὰ καὶ οὐ κινηθήσονται
The craftsman grew strong, and the smith striking with the hammer, sometimes driving it onward, will say, 'The joint is good.' They strengthen them with nails; they will set them in place, and they will not be moved.
The scene narrows to the workshop where craftsmen stabilize an idol, exposing the absurd contrast between manufactured gods and the living Lord.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
ἴσχυσενbe strongVA AAI3S · ἰσχύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἰσχύω: meaning 'be strong'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τέκτωνcraftsmenN3N NSM · τέκτωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτέκτων: meaning 'craftsmen'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χαλκεὺςsmithsN3V NSM · χαλκεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχαλκεύς: meaning 'smiths'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τύπτωνstriking / who strikesV1 · παπνσμ τύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ τύπτω: meaning 'striking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σφύρῃσφυραN1A DSF · σφύραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσφύρα: meaning 'σφυρα'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἅμαtogetherD · ἅμαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἅμα: meaning 'together'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλαύνωνπαπνσμ ελαυνωV1 · παπνσμ ἐλαύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἐλαύνω: meaning 'παπνσμ ελαυνω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ποτὲeverD · ποτέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastποτὲ: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὲνindeedX · μένadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὲν: meaning 'indeed'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρεῖsaidVF2 FAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σύμβλημασυμβλημαN3M NSN · σύμβλημαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσύμβλημα: meaning 'συμβλημα'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καλόνgoodA1 NSN · καλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαλός: meaning 'good'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἰσχύρωσανισχυροωVA AAI3P · ἰσχυρόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἰσχυρόω: meaning 'ισχυροω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὰitRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὰ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἥλοιςnailN2 DPM · ἧλοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἧλος: meaning 'nail'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
θήσουσινthey shall placeVF FAI3P · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτίθημι: meaning 'they shall place'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὰitRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὰ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κινηθήσονταιthat movesVC FPI3P · κινέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκινέω: meaning 'that moves'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
8
σὺ δέ Ισραηλ παῖς μου Ιακωβ ὃν ἐξελεξάμην σπέρμα Αβρααμ ὃν ἠγάπησα
But you, Israel, are my servant, Jacob whom I chose, the seed of Abraham whom I loved,
Against the nations stands Israel, defined not by panic but by election, covenant descent, and divine affection.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δέbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙσραηλIsraelN NSM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
παῖςservantN3D NSM · παῖςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαῖς: meaning 'servant'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ΙακωβJacobN NSM · Ἰακώβnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙακωβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ὃνwhichRR ASM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐξελεξάμηνchooseVAI AMI1S · λέγω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλέγω + ἐκ: meaning 'choose'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σπέρμαseedN3M ASN · σπέρμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσπέρμα: meaning 'seed'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΑβρααμAbrahamN GSM · Ἀβραάμnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΑβρααμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ὃνwhichRR ASN · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἠγάπησαlovedVAI AAI1S · ἀγαπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀγαπάω: meaning 'loved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
9
οὗ ἀντελαβόμην ἀπ' ἄκρων τῆς γῆς καὶ ἐκ τῶν σκοπιῶν αὐτῆς ἐκάλεσά σε καὶ εἶπά σοι παῖς μου εἶ ἐξελεξάμην σε καὶ οὐκ ἐγκατέλιπόν σε
whom I seized from the ends of the earth and called from its watchtowers, and I said to you, 'You are my servant; I chose you and have not forsaken you.'
The Lord reminds Israel that he gathered the people from the farthest places and explicitly named them his servant.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
οὗwhichRR GSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationοὗ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀντελαβόμηνhelp / supportVBI AMI1S · λαμβάνω + ἀντιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω + ἀντι: meaning 'help'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἄκρωνthe endsA1A GPM · ἄκροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄκρος: meaning 'the ends'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκοπιῶνσκοπιαN1A GPF · σκοπιάgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσκοπιά: meaning 'σκοπια'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκάλεσάcalledVAI AAI1S · καλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκαλέω: meaning 'called'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπάsayVAI AAI1S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοιyouRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
παῖςservantN3D NSM · παῖςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαῖς: meaning 'servant'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἶisV9 PAI2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐξελεξάμηνchooseVAI AMI1S · λέγω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλέγω + ἐκ: meaning 'choose'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγκατέλιπόνthey forsookVBI AAI3P · λείπω + ἐν + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλείπω + ἐν + κατα: meaning 'they forsook'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
10
μὴ φοβοῦ μετὰ σοῦ γάρ εἰμι μὴ πλανῶ ἐγὼ γάρ εἰμι ὁ θεός σου ὁ ἐνισχύσας σε καὶ ἐβοήθησά σοι καὶ ἠσφαλισάμην σε τῇ δεξιᾷ τῇ δικαίᾳ μου
Do not fear, for I am with you; do not wander, for I am your God, the one who strengthened you and helped you and secured you with my righteous right hand.
The central imperative not to fear is grounded in the Lord’s presence, help, and righteous sustaining power.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φοβοῦfearV2 PMD2S · φοβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφοβέω: meaning 'fear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοῦyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσοῦ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
γάρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγάρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰμιisV9 PAI1S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πλανῶlead astrayV3 AAD2S · πλανάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπλανάω: meaning 'lead astray'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
γάρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγάρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰμιisV9 PAI1S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνισχύσαςααπνσμ ισχυω VA · ααπνσμ ἰσχύω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ ἰσχύω + ἐν: meaning 'ααπνσμ ισχυω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐβοήθησάhelpVAI AAI1S · βοηθέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβοηθέω: meaning 'help'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοιyouRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠσφαλισάμηνασφαλιζωVAI AMI1S · ἀσφαλίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀσφαλίζω: meaning 'ασφαλιζω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεξιᾷrightA1A DSF · δεξιόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδεξιός: meaning 'right'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δικαίᾳrighteousA1A DSF · δίκαιοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
11
ἰδοὺ αἰσχυνθήσονται καὶ ἐντραπήσονται πάντες οἱ ἀντικείμενοί σοι ἔσονται γὰρ ὡς οὐκ ὄντες καὶ ἀπολοῦνται πάντες οἱ ἀντίδικοί σου
Behold, all who oppose you shall be put to shame and confounded; all who contend against you shall be as though they were not and shall perish.
Those who set themselves against Israel are promised shame and disappearance, reversing the threat they once posed.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἰσχυνθήσονταιaischynoVC FPI3P · αἰσχύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureαἰσχύνω: meaning 'aischyno'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐντραπήσονταιwas subdued / humbledVD FPI3P · τρέπω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτρέπω + ἐν: meaning 'was subdued'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀντικείμενοίopposingV5 · πμπνπμ κεῖμαι + ἀντιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπμ κεῖμαι + ἀντι: meaning 'opposing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοιyouRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔσονταιisVF FMI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasD · ὡςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄντεςbeingV9 · παπνπμ εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ εἰμί: meaning 'being'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπολοῦνταιdestroyVF2 FMI3P · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀντίδικοίadversaryN2 NPM · ἀντίδικοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀντίδικος: meaning 'adversary'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
12
ζητήσεις αὐτοὺς καὶ οὐ μὴ εὕρῃς τοὺς ἀνθρώπους οἳ παροινήσουσιν εἰς σέ ἔσονται γὰρ ὡς οὐκ ὄντες καὶ οὐκ ἔσονται οἱ ἀντιπολεμοῦντές σε
You will seek them and will surely not find the men who insult you; for those who wage war against you shall be as though they were not, and they shall not exist.
The promise intensifies: the hostile men Israel searches for will simply not be found because their opposition comes to nothing.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
ζητήσειςseekVFI FAI2S · ζητέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureζητέω: meaning 'seek'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὕρῃςfoundVB AAS2S · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyεὑρίσκω: meaning 'found'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνθρώπουςmanN2 APM · ἄνθρωποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οἳwhichRR NPM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοἳ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
παροινήσουσινπαροινεωVF FAI3P · παροινέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπαροινέω: meaning 'παροινεω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σέyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσέ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔσονταιisVF FMI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasD · ὡςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄντεςbeingV9 · παπνπμ εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ εἰμί: meaning 'being'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσονταιisVF FMI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀντιπολεμοῦντέςπαπνπμ πολεμεω V2 · παπνπμ πολεμέω + ἀντιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ πολεμέω + ἀντι: meaning 'παπνπμ πολεμεω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
13
ὅτι ἐγὼ ὁ θεός σου ὁ κρατῶν τῆς δεξιᾶς σου ὁ λέγων σοι μὴ φοβοῦ
For I am your God, the one holding your right hand, the one saying to you, 'Do not fear.'
The reassurance is personalized through the image of the Lord grasping Israel’s right hand while speaking comfort.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρατῶνmightN3E GPN · κράτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκράτος: meaning 'might'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεξιᾶςright handA1A GSF · δεξιόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδεξιός: meaning 'right hand'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοιyouRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φοβοῦfearV2 PMD2S · φοβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφοβέω: meaning 'fear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
14
Ιακωβ ὀλιγοστὸς Ισραηλ ἐγὼ ἐβοήθησά σοι λέγει ὁ θεὸς ὁ λυτρούμενός σε Ισραηλ
Do not fear, little Jacob, O Israel; I have helped you, says God, the one redeeming you, O Israel.
Israel’s littleness is acknowledged, yet it becomes the setting for redemption because the Lord himself acts as kinsman-redeemer.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ΙακωβJacobN NSM · Ἰακώβnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙακωβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ὀλιγοστὸςfew in numberA1 NSM · ὀλιγοστόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀλιγοστός: meaning 'few in number'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΙσραηλIsraelN NSM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐβοήθησάhelpVAI AAI1S · βοηθέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβοηθέω: meaning 'help'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοιyouRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγειsaidV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λυτρούμενόςredeemsV4 · πμπνσμ λυτρόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ λυτρόω: meaning 'redeems'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN VSM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
15
ἰδοὺ ἐποίησά σε ὡς τροχοὺς ἁμάξης ἀλοῶντας καινοὺς πριστηροειδεῖς καὶ ἀλοήσεις ὄρη καὶ λεπτυνεῖς βουνοὺς καὶ ὡς χνοῦν θήσεις
Behold, I have made you like new threshing wheels of a cart, serrated for threshing; and you will thresh mountains, and you will pulverize hills, and you will make them like chaff.
The weak servant is recast as a sharp new threshing instrument able to crush the mountain-like powers before it.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησάdo / makeVAI AAI1S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasD · ὡςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τροχοὺςtrochosN2 APM · τροχόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτροχός: meaning 'trochos'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἁμάξηςofN1S GSF · ἅμαξαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἅμαξα: meaning 'of'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀλοῶνταςπαπαπμ αλοαωV3 · παπαπμ ἀλοάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ ἀλοάω: meaning 'παπαπμ αλοαω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καινοὺςnewA1 APM · καινόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαινός: meaning 'new'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πριστηροειδεῖςπριστηροειδηςA3H APM · πριστηροειδήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπριστηροειδής: meaning 'πριστηροειδης'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀλοήσειςtreading out grain / threshingVF FAI2S · ἀλοάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀλοάω: meaning 'treading out grain'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὄρηmountainN3E APN · ὄροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄρος: meaning 'mountain'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λεπτυνεῖςhe ground to powderVF FAI2S · λεπτύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλεπτύνω: meaning 'he ground to powder'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βουνοὺςhillN2 APM · βουνόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβουνός: meaning 'hill'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasD · ὡςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χνοῦνchaffN3 ASM · χνοῦςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχνοῦς: meaning 'chaff'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
θήσειςputVF FAI2S · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτίθημι: meaning 'put'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
16
καὶ λικμήσεις καὶ ἄνεμος λήμψεται αὐτούς καὶ καταιγὶς διασπερεῖ αὐτούς σὺ δὲ εὐφρανθήσῃ ἐν τοῖς ἁγίοις Ισραηλ καὶ ἀγαλλιάσονται
You will winnow them, and the wind will take them, and a storm will scatter them; but you shall rejoice in the Holy One of Israel, and you shall exult.
The victory image ends in liturgical joy as the scattered enemies give way to rejoicing in the Holy One of Israel.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λικμήσειςlikmaoVF FAI2S · λικμάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλικμάω: meaning 'likmao'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄνεμοςwindsN2 NSM · ἄνεμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνεμος: meaning 'winds'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
λήμψεταιtookVF FMI3S · λαμβάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλαμβάνω: meaning 'took'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταιγὶςstormN3I NSF · καταιγίςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαταιγίς: meaning 'storm'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
διασπερεῖscatterVF2 FAI3S · σπείρω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσπείρω + δια: meaning 'scatter'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐφρανθήσῃrejoiceVC FPI2S · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεὐφραίνω: meaning 'rejoice'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίοιςholyA1A DPM · ἅγιοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἅγιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγαλλιάσονταιagalliaomaiVF FMI3P · ἀγαλλιάομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀγαλλιάομαι: meaning 'agalliaomai'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
17
οἱ πτωχοὶ καὶ οἱ ἐνδεεῖς ζητήσουσιν γὰρ ὕδωρ καὶ οὐκ ἔσται ἡ γλῶσσα αὐτῶν ἀπὸ τῆς δίψης ἐξηράνθη ἐγὼ κύριος ὁ θεός ἐγὼ ἐπακούσομαι ὁ θεὸς Ισραηλ καὶ οὐκ ἐγκαταλείψω αὐτούς
The poor and the needy will seek water, and there will be none; their tongue has been dried up by thirst. I, the Lord God, will hear; I, the God of Israel, will not forsake them.
The oracle turns from military reversal to wilderness need, promising that the Lord hears the thirst of the poor and needy.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πτωχοὶpoorN2 NPM · πτωχόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπτωχός: meaning 'poor'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνδεεῖςneedyA3H NPM · ἐνδεήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐνδεής: meaning 'needy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ζητήσουσινseekVF FAI3P · ζητέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureζητέω: meaning 'seek'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὕδωρwaterN3 ASN · ὕδωρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιisVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γλῶσσαtongueN1S NSF · γλῶσσαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγλῶσσα: meaning 'tongue'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δίψηςδίψαN1S GSF · δίψαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίψα: meaning 'δίψα'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐξηράνθηdry up / witherVCI API3S · ξηραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristξηραίνω: meaning 'dry up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπακούσομαιhear favorablyVF FMI1S · ἀκούω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀκούω + ἐπι: meaning 'hear favorably'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγκαταλείψωI will leave / forsakeVF FAI1S · λείπω + ἐν + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλείπω + ἐν + κατα: meaning 'I will leave'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
18
ἀλλὰ ἀνοίξω ἐπὶ τῶν ὀρέων ποταμοὺς καὶ ἐν μέσῳ πεδίων πηγάς ποιήσω τὴν ἔρημον εἰς ἕλη καὶ τὴν διψῶσαν γῆν ἐν ὑδραγωγοῖς
But I will open rivers on the mountains and springs in the midst of the plains; I will make the desert into marshes and the thirsty land into watercourses.
Water will appear in the most unlikely terrain, depicting restoration as a new exodus-like transformation of creation.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνοίξωopenVF FAI1S · οἴγω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureοἴγω + ἀνα: meaning 'open'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀρέωνmountainN3E GPN · ὄροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὄρος: meaning 'mountain'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ποταμοὺςriversN2 APM · ποταμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationποταμός: meaning 'rivers'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSN · μέσοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πεδίωνplainN2N GPN · πεδίονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπεδίον: meaning 'plain'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πηγάςspringsN1 APF · πηγήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπηγή: meaning 'springs'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ποιήσωdidVF FAI1S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔρημονwildernessN2 ASF · ἔρημοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔρημος: meaning 'wilderness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἕληmarshN3E APN · ἕλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἕλος: meaning 'marsh'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διψῶσανthirstV3 · παπασφ διψάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπασφ διψάω: meaning 'thirst'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὑδραγωγοῖςconduitN2 DPM · ὑδραγωγόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὑδραγωγός: meaning 'conduit'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
19
θήσω εἰς τὴν ἄνυδρον γῆν κέδρον καὶ πύξον καὶ μυρσίνην καὶ κυπάρισσον καὶ λεύκην
I will place in the waterless land cedar and boxwood and myrtle and cypress and poplar.
The desert planting continues the restoration vision by naming a rich variety of trees where barrenness once ruled.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
θήσωI will set / placeVF FAI1S · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτίθημι: meaning 'I will set'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνυδρονwaterlessA1B ASF · ἄνυδροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄνυδρος: meaning 'waterless'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κέδρονcedarN2 ASF · κέδροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκέδρος: meaning 'cedar'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πύξονπυξοςN2 ASF · πύξοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπύξος: meaning 'πυξος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μυρσίνηνmyrsinesN1 ASF · μυρσίνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμυρσίνη: meaning 'myrsines'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κυπάρισσονκυπαρισσοςN2 ASF · κυπάρισσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκυπάρισσος: meaning 'κυπαρισσος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λεύκηνwhiteA1 ASF · λευκόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλευκός: meaning 'white'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
20
ἵνα ἴδωσιν καὶ γνῶσιν καὶ ἐννοηθῶσιν καὶ ἐπιστῶνται ἅμα ὅτι χεὶρ κυρίου ἐποίησεν ταῦτα πάντα καὶ ὁ ἅγιος τοῦ Ισραηλ κατέδειξεν
So that they may see and know and consider and understand together that the hand of the Lord has done all these things and the Holy One of Israel has shown them.
The ecological reversal is meant to become public theological knowledge: all observers are to recognize the Lord’s hand in it.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἴδωσινseeVB AAS3P · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γνῶσινknowingVZ AAS3P · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyγιγνώσκω: meaning 'knowing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐννοηθῶσινconceiveVC APS3P · νοέω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyνοέω + ἐν: meaning 'conceive'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιστῶνταιἐπιV6 PMS3P · ἵστημι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἵστημι + ἐπι: meaning 'ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἅμαtogetherD · ἅμαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἅμα: meaning 'together'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χεὶρhandN3 NSF · χείρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ταῦταthisRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅγιοςholyA1A NSM · ἅγιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἅγιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
κατέδειξενδεικνυω VAI AAI3S · δεικνύω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδεικνύω + κατα: meaning 'δεικνυω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
21
ἐγγίζει ἡ κρίσις ὑμῶν λέγει κύριος ὁ θεός ἤγγισαν αἱ βουλαὶ ὑμῶν λέγει ὁ βασιλεὺς Ιακωβ
Your judgment draws near, says the Lord God; your counsels have drawn near, says the King of Jacob.
The scene returns to the trial setting as the Lord summons the case of the idols and their advocates.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἐγγίζειdrew nearV1 PAI3S · ἐγγίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἐγγίζω: meaning 'drew near'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίσιςjudgmentN3I NSF · κρίσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑμῶνyouRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγειsaidV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἤγγισανdrew nearVAI AAI3P · ἐγγίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἐγγίζω: meaning 'drew near'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βουλαὶplansN1 NPF · βουλήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβουλή: meaning 'plans'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑμῶνyouRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγειsaidV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΙακωβJacobN GSM · Ἰακώβnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙακωβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
22
ἐγγισάτωσαν καὶ ἀναγγειλάτωσαν ὑμῖν ἃ συμβήσεται ἢ τὰ πρότερα τίνα ἦν εἴπατε καὶ ἐπιστήσομεν τὸν νοῦν καὶ γνωσόμεθα τί τὰ ἔσχατα καὶ τὰ ἐπερχόμενα εἴπατε ἡμῖν
Let them draw near and tell us what shall happen. Tell us what the former things were, and we will set our mind on them and know what their outcome was; and tell us the things that are coming.
The challenge tests divinity by demanding interpretation of past events and disclosure of future ones.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
ἐγγισάτωσανdrew nearVA AAD3P · ἐγγίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἐγγίζω: meaning 'drew near'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναγγειλάτωσανproclaimVA AAD3P · ἀγγέλλω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀγγέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'proclaim'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑμῖνyouRP DP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἃwhichRR APN · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
συμβήσεταιit happenedVF FMI3S · βαίνω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβαίνω + συν: meaning 'it happened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρότεραformerlyA1A APN · πρότεροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρότερος: meaning 'formerly'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τίναwhatRI APN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτίνα: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἦνisV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'is'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἴπατεsaidVAI AAI2P · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιστήσομενἐπιVF FAI1P · ἵστημι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵστημι + ἐπι: meaning 'ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νοῦνmindN2 ASM · νοῦςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνοῦς: meaning 'mind'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γνωσόμεθαknowingVF FMI1P · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureγιγνώσκω: meaning 'knowing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔσχαταlastA1 APN · ἔσχατοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔσχατος: meaning 'last'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπερχόμεναἔρχομαι + ἐπιV1 · πμπαπν ἔρχομαι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπαπν ἔρχομαι + ἐπι: meaning 'ἔρχομαι + ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἴπατεsaidVAI AAI2P · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμῖνmeRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἡμῖν: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
23
ἀναγγείλατε ἡμῖν τὰ ἐπερχόμενα ἐπ' ἐσχάτου καὶ γνωσόμεθα ὅτι θεοί ἐστε εὖ ποιήσατε καὶ κακώσατε καὶ θαυμασόμεθα καὶ ὀψόμεθα ἅμα
Declare to us the things that will come at the last, and we shall know that you are gods. Indeed, do good or do harm, and we shall marvel and see together.
The idols are pressed to demonstrate any real agency at all, whether beneficial or harmful, so that their status might be proven.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ἀναγγείλατεproclaimVA AAD2P · ἀγγέλλω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀγγέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'proclaim'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμῖνmeRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἡμῖν: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπερχόμεναἔρχομαι + ἐπιV1 · πμπαπν ἔρχομαι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπαπν ἔρχομαι + ἐπι: meaning 'ἔρχομαι + ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐσχάτουthe endA1 GSM · ἔσχατοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔσχατος: meaning 'the end'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γνωσόμεθαknowingVF FMI1P · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureγιγνώσκω: meaning 'knowing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θεοίGodN2 NPM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστεisV9 PAI2P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εὖwellD · εὖadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastεὖ: meaning 'well'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσατεdidVA AAD2P · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κακώσατεthey shall afflictVA AAD2P · κακόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκακόω: meaning 'they shall afflict'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θαυμασόμεθαheld in honor / admiredVF FMI1P · θαυμάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureθαυμάζω: meaning 'held in honor'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀψόμεθαseeVF FMI1P · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἅμαtogetherD · ἅμαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἅμα: meaning 'together'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
24
ὅτι πόθεν ἐστὲ ὑμεῖς καὶ πόθεν ἡ ἐργασία ὑμῶν ἐκ γῆς βδέλυγμα ἐξελέξαντο ὑμᾶς
For you are from nowhere, and your work is from the earth; those who chose you have chosen an abomination.
Instead of proof, the Lord issues the verdict: the idols arise from nowhere substantial, and devotion to them is abominable.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πόθενwhere fromD · πόθενadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπόθεν: meaning 'where from'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐστὲisV9 PAI2P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑμεῖςyouRP NP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὑμεῖς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πόθενwhere fromD · πόθενadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπόθεν: meaning 'where from'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐργασίαworkN1A NSF · ἐργασίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐργασία: meaning 'work'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑμῶνyouRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
βδέλυγμαabominationsN3M ASN · βδέλυγμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβδέλυγμα: meaning 'abominations'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐξελέξαντοchooseVAI AMI3P · λέγω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλέγω + ἐκ: meaning 'choose'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
25
ἐγὼ δὲ ἤγειρα τὸν ἀπὸ βορρᾶ καὶ τὸν ἀφ' ἡλίου ἀνατολῶν κληθήσονται τῷ ὀνόματί μου ἐρχέσθωσαν ἄρχοντες καὶ ὡς πηλὸς κεραμέως καὶ ὡς κεραμεὺς καταπατῶν τὸν πηλόν οὕτως καταπατηθήσεσθε
But I have raised up one from the north, and one from the rising of the sun shall be called by my name. Let rulers come, as clay under the potter, and as a potter treads clay, so shall you be trampled.
By contrast, the Lord announces the one he has truly raised up from north and east, again grounding world events in his own calling.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤγειραstirred upVAI AAI1S · ἀγείρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀγείρω: meaning 'stirred up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βορρᾶnorthN1T GSM · βορέαςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβορέας: meaning 'north'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀφ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡλίουηλιοςN2 GSM · ἥλιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἥλιος: meaning 'ηλιος'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀνατολῶνeastN1 GPF · ἀνατολήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνατολή: meaning 'east'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κληθήσονταιthey shall be calledVC FPI3P · καλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκαλέω: meaning 'they shall be called'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνόματίnameN3M DSN · ὄνομαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐρχέσθωσανlet them comeV1 PMD3P · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἔρχομαι: meaning 'let them come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄρχοντεςrulersN3 NPM · ἄρχωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄρχων: meaning 'rulers'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasD · ὡςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πηλὸςclayN2 NSM · πηλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπηλός: meaning 'clay'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κεραμέωςpotterN3V GSM · κεραμεύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκεραμεύς: meaning 'potter'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasD · ὡςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κεραμεὺςpotterN3V NSM · κεραμεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκεραμεύς: meaning 'potter'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καταπατῶνkatapatonV2 · παπνσμ πατέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ πατέω + κατα: meaning 'katapaton'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πηλόνclayN2 ASM · πηλόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπηλός: meaning 'clay'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταπατηθήσεσθεtramplingVC FPI2P · πατέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπατέω + κατα: meaning 'trampling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
26
τίς γὰρ ἀναγγελεῖ τὰ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἵνα γνῶμεν καὶ τὰ ἔμπροσθεν καὶ ἐροῦμεν ὅτι ἀληθῆ ἐστιν οὐκ ἔστιν ὁ προλέγων οὐδὲ ὁ ἀκούων ὑμῶν τοὺς λόγους
For who will declare the things from the beginning, so that we may know, and the things beforehand, so that we may say, 'It is true'? There is no one foretelling, nor anyone hearing your words.
No idol had the capacity to announce this beforehand, so the courtroom challenge ends with their silence exposed.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
τίςwhatRI NSM · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτίς: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναγγελεῖproclaimVF2 FAI3S · ἀγγέλλω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀγγέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'proclaim'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀρχῆςbeginningN1 GSF · ἀρχήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀρχή: meaning 'beginning'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γνῶμενwe may knowVZ AAS1P · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyγιγνώσκω: meaning 'we may know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔμπροσθενbeforeD · ἔμπροσθενadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἔμπροσθεν: meaning 'before'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐροῦμενsaidVF2 FAI1P · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀληθῆtruthfulA3H APN · ἀληθήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀληθής: meaning 'truthful'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προλέγωνπαπνσμ λεγω V1 · παπνσμ λέγω + προverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ λέγω + προ: meaning 'παπνσμ λεγω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀκούωνhearingV1 · παπνσμ ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἀκούω: meaning 'hearing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑμῶνyouRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγουςwordN2 APM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
27
ἀρχὴν Σιων δώσω καὶ Ιερουσαλημ παρακαλέσω εἰς ὁδόν
I will give to Zion a beginning, and I will comfort Jerusalem for the way.
Zion and Jerusalem, however, receive a positive word from the Lord, who gives them a new beginning and consolation.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ἀρχὴνbeginningN1 ASF · ἀρχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀρχή: meaning 'beginning'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΣιωνZionN DSF · Σιωνnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΣιων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
δώσωgiveVF FAI1S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
παρακαλέσωcomfortVF FAI1S · καλέω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκαλέω + παρα: meaning 'comfort'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὁδόνwayN2 ASF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
28
ἀπὸ γὰρ τῶν ἐθνῶν ἰδοὺ οὐδείς καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν εἰδώλων αὐτῶν οὐκ ἦν ὁ ἀναγγέλλων καὶ ἐὰν ἐρωτήσω αὐτούς πόθεν ἐστέ οὐ μὴ ἀποκριθῶσίν μοι
For from the nations, behold, there was no one, and from their idols there was no one announcing; and if I ask them, 'Where are you from?' they will certainly not answer me.
A final search among nations and idols yields no witness and no answer, confirming their emptiness.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐθνῶνnationN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐδείςno oneA3 NSM · οὐδείςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοὐδείς: meaning 'no one'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰδώλωνidolsN2N GPN · εἴδωλονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationεἴδωλον: meaning 'idols'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνisV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'is'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀναγγέλλωνπαπνσμ αγγελλω V1 · παπνσμ ἀγγέλλω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἀγγέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'παπνσμ αγγελλω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρωτήσωaskedVA AAS1S · ἐρωτάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἐρωτάω: meaning 'asked'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πόθενwhere fromD · πόθενadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπόθεν: meaning 'where from'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐστέisV9 PAI2P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποκριθῶσίνansweredVC APS3P · κρίνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyκρίνω + ἀπο: meaning 'answered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μοιmeRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
29
εἰσὶν γὰρ οἱ ποιοῦντες ὑμᾶς καὶ μάτην οἱ πλανῶντες ὑμᾶς
For those who make you are nothing, and those who lead you astray are vain.
The chapter closes with a sweeping judgment on both the fabricated gods and the deluding system that surrounds them.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
εἰσὶνisV9 PAI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιοῦντεςdo / makeV2 · παπνπμ ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ ποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μάτηνin vainD · μάτηνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμάτην: meaning 'in vain'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλανῶντεςleading astrayV3 · παπνπμ πλανάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ πλανάω: meaning 'leading astray'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.