1
Ιακωβ ὁ παῖς μου ἀντιλήμψομαι αὐτοῦ Ισραηλ ὁ ἐκλεκτός μου προσεδέξατο αὐτὸν ἡ ψυχή μου ἔδωκα τὸ πνεῦμά μου ἐπ' αὐτόν κρίσιν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν ἐξοίσει
Jacob is my servant; I will help him. Israel is my chosen one; my soul has accepted him. I have given my Spirit upon him; he will bring forth judgment to the nations.
The chapter opens with the servant declaration, presenting Jacob-Israel as the chosen, Spirit-endowed agent through whom judgment reaches the nations.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
ΙακωβJacobN NSM · Ἰακώβnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙακωβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παῖςservantN3D NSM · παῖςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαῖς: meaning 'servant'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀντιλήμψομαιhelp / supportVF FMI1S · λαμβάνω + ἀντιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλαμβάνω + ἀντι: meaning 'help'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN NSM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκλεκτόςchosenA1 NSM · ἐκλεκτόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐκλεκτός: meaning 'chosen'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
προσεδέξατοprosedexatoVAI AMI3S · δέχομαι + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδέχομαι + προς: meaning 'prosedexato'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχήsoulN1 NSF · ψυχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔδωκαgiveVAI AAI1S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πνεῦμάspiritN3M ASN · πνεῦμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κρίσινjudgmentN3I ASF · κρίσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνεσινnationN3E DPN · ἔθνοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐξοίσειbrought outVF FAI3S · φέρω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureφέρω + ἐκ: meaning 'brought out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
2
οὐ κεκράξεται οὐδὲ ἀνήσει οὐδὲ ἀκουσθήσεται ἔξω ἡ φωνὴ αὐτοῦ
He will not cry out, nor lift up his voice, nor will his voice be heard outside.
The servant’s mode of action is quiet and unaggressive, emphasizing restraint rather than public self-assertion.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κεκράξεταιcried outVFX FMI3S · κράζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκράζω: meaning 'cried out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνήσειlet go / releaseVF FAI3S · ἵημι + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵημι + ἀνα: meaning 'let go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀκουσθήσεταιheardVC FPI3S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀκούω: meaning 'heard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔξωexoD · ἔξωadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἔξω: meaning 'exo'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φωνὴvoiceN1 NSF · φωνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
3
κάλαμον τεθλασμένον οὐ συντρίψει καὶ λίνον καπνιζόμενον οὐ σβέσει ἀλλὰ εἰς ἀλήθειαν ἐξοίσει κρίσιν
A bruised reed he will not break, and smoking flax he will not quench; rather, he will bring forth judgment in truth.
His gentleness toward the weak is paired with fidelity to justice, so compassion and truth belong together.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
κάλαμονreedN2 ASM · κάλαμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκάλαμος: meaning 'reed'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τεθλασμένονπμπασμ θλαωVM · πμπασμ θλάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπασμ θλάω: meaning 'πμπασμ θλαω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συντρίψειwas crushedVF FAI3S · τρίβω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτρίβω + συν: meaning 'was crushed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λίνονflaxN2N ASN · λίνονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλίνον: meaning 'flax'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καπνιζόμενονπμπασν καπνιζωV1 · πμπασν καπνίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπασν καπνίζω: meaning 'πμπασν καπνιζω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σβέσειshall be quenchedVF FAI3S · σβέννυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσβέννυμι: meaning 'shall be quenched'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀλήθειανtruthN1A ASF · ἀλήθειαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀλήθεια: meaning 'truth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐξοίσειbrought outVF FAI3S · φέρω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureφέρω + ἐκ: meaning 'brought out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κρίσινjudgmentN3I ASF · κρίσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
4
ἀναλάμψει καὶ οὐ θραυσθήσεται ἕως ἂν θῇ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς κρίσιν καὶ ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ ἔθνη ἐλπιοῦσιν
He will shine forth and will not be broken until he has established judgment upon the earth, and in his name nations will hope.
The servant’s endurance ensures that justice will finally be established on earth and that the nations will place hope in his name.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ἀναλάμψειshone forthVF FAI3S · λάμπω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλάμπω + ἀνα: meaning 'shone forth'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θραυσθήσεταιto shatterVC FPI3S · θραύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureθραύω: meaning 'to shatter'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἂνeverX · ἄνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θῇputVE AAS3S · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyτίθημι: meaning 'put'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κρίσινjudgmentN3I ASF · κρίσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνόματιnameN3M DSN · ὄνομαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔθνηnationN3E NPN · ἔθνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐλπιοῦσινἐλπίζωVF2 FAI3P · ἐλπίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἐλπίζω: meaning 'ἐλπίζω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
5
οὕτως λέγει κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ ποιήσας τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ πήξας αὐτόν ὁ στερεώσας τὴν γῆν καὶ τὰ ἐν αὐτῇ καὶ διδοὺς πνοὴν τῷ λαῷ τῷ ἐπ' αὐτῆς καὶ πνεῦμα τοῖς πατοῦσιν αὐτήν
Thus says the Lord God, the one who made the heaven and stretched it out, the one who established the earth and the things in it, and gives breath to the people upon it and spirit to those who walk on it:
The commissioning speech is grounded in creation theology: the one speaking is the maker of heaven, earth, breath, and life.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λέγειsaidV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιήσαςhaving doneVA · ααπνσμ ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ ποιέω: meaning 'having done'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανὸνheavenN2 ASM · οὐρανόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πήξαςααπνσμ πηγνυμιVA · ααπνσμ πήγνυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ πήγνυμι: meaning 'ααπνσμ πηγνυμι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στερεώσαςααπνσμ στερεοωVA · ααπνσμ στερεόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ στερεόω: meaning 'ααπνσμ στερεοω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῇherRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διδοὺςgiveV8 · παπνσμ δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ δίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πνοὴνbreathN1 ASF · πνοήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπνοή: meaning 'breath'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαῷpeopleN2 DSM · λαόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πνεῦμαspiritN3M ASN · πνεῦμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατοῦσινthey trampleV2 PAI3P · πατέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπατέω: meaning 'they trample'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
6
ἐγὼ κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἐκάλεσά σε ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ καὶ κρατήσω τῆς χειρός σου καὶ ἐνισχύσω σε καὶ ἔδωκά σε εἰς διαθήκην γένους εἰς φῶς ἐθνῶν
I am the Lord God; I have called you in righteousness, and I will grasp your hand and strengthen you, and I have given you as a covenant of a race and as a light of nations,
Because the creator is also covenant Lord, the servant is called, upheld, and appointed as covenant mediator and light for the nations.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκάλεσάcalledVAI AAI1S · καλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκαλέω: meaning 'called'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δικαιοσύνῃrighteousnessN1 DSF · δικαιοσύνηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κρατήσωholding powerVF FAI1S · κρατέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκρατέω: meaning 'holding power'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειρόςhandN3 GSF · χείρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνισχύσωhad grown strongVF FAI1S · ἰσχύω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἰσχύω + ἐν: meaning 'had grown strong'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδωκάgiveVAI AAI1S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
διαθήκηνcovenantN1 ASF · διαθήκηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδιαθήκη: meaning 'covenant'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γένουςraceN3E GSN · γένοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγένος: meaning 'race'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
φῶςlightN3T ASN · φῶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφῶς: meaning 'light'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐθνῶνnationN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
7
ἀνοῖξαι ὀφθαλμοὺς τυφλῶν ἐξαγαγεῖν ἐκ δεσμῶν δεδεμένους καὶ ἐξ οἴκου φυλακῆς καθημένους ἐν σκότει
to open the eyes of the blind, to bring the bound out from chains, and those sitting in darkness out of the prison house.
The mission is restorative and liberating, using sight and release from prison as core images of salvation.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἀνοῖξαιopenVA AAN · οἴγω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementοἴγω + ἀνα: meaning 'open'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀφθαλμοὺςeyesN2 APM · ὀφθαλμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eyes'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τυφλῶνblindA1 GPM · τυφλόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτυφλός: meaning 'blind'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐξαγαγεῖνbrought outVB AAN · ἄγω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἄγω + ἐκ: meaning 'brought out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δεσμῶνbondsN2 GPM · δεσμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδεσμός: meaning 'bonds'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δεδεμένουςχμπαπμ δεωVM · χμπαπμ δέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπαπμ δέω: meaning 'χμπαπμ δεω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
φυλακῆςcharges / watchesN1 GSF · φυλακήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφυλακή: meaning 'charges'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καθημένουςsittingV5 · πμπαπμ ἧμαι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπαπμ ἧμαι + κατα: meaning 'sitting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σκότειskotosN3E DSM · σκότοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσκότος: meaning 'skotos'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
8
ἐγὼ κύριος ὁ θεός τοῦτό μού ἐστιν τὸ ὄνομα τὴν δόξαν μου ἑτέρῳ οὐ δώσω οὐδὲ τὰς ἀρετάς μου τοῖς γλυπτοῖς
I am the Lord God; this is my name. My glory I will not give to another, nor my praises to carved images.
The Lord’s unique name and glory stand behind the whole commission, excluding any transfer of honor to idols.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦτόthisRD NSN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτό: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μούmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμού: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομαnameN3M NSN · ὄνομαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δόξανgloryN1S ASF · δόξαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἑτέρῳanotherA1A DSM · ἕτεροςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἕτερος: meaning 'another'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δώσωgiveVF FAI1S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀρετάςpraise / excellenceN1 APF · ἀρετήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀρετή: meaning 'praise'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γλυπτοῖςglyptosA1 DPM · γλυπτόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγλυπτός: meaning 'glyptos'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
9
τὰ ἀπ' ἀρχῆς ἰδοὺ ἥκασιν καὶ καινὰ ἃ ἐγὼ ἀναγγελῶ καὶ πρὸ τοῦ ἀνατεῖλαι ἐδηλώθη ὑμῖν
The things from the beginning, behold, have come, and new things that I myself will announce; before they spring up they have been made known to you.
Past fulfillments validate the reliability of the Lord’s new announcements before they emerge into history.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀρχῆςbeginningN1 GSF · ἀρχήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀρχή: meaning 'beginning'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἥκασινwill comeV1 PAI3P · ἥκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἥκω: meaning 'will come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καινὰnewA1 APN · καινόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαινός: meaning 'new'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἃwhichRR APN · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀναγγελῶlet me tell / I will declareVF2 FAI1S · ἀγγέλλω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀγγέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'let me tell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνατεῖλαιgrow / riseVA AAN · τέλλω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementτέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'grow'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐδηλώθηyou shall make clear / explainVCI API3S · δηλόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδηλόω: meaning 'you shall make clear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑμῖνyouRP DP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
10
ὑμνήσατε τῷ κυρίῳ ὕμνον καινόν ἡ ἀρχὴ αὐτοῦ δοξάζετε τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ ἀπ' ἄκρου τῆς γῆς οἱ καταβαίνοντες εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν καὶ πλέοντες αὐτήν αἱ νῆσοι καὶ οἱ κατοικοῦντες αὐτάς
Sing to the Lord a new song; from the end of the earth glorify his name, you who go down to the sea and sail upon it, the islands and those who dwell in them.
The proper response is a new song that expands from sea to coastlands, signaling the worldwide horizon of the servant’s work.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
ὑμνήσατεhymnVA AAD2P · ὑμνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑμνέω: meaning 'hymn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLordN2 DSM · κύριοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὕμνονhymnN2 ASM · ὕμνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὕμνος: meaning 'hymn'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καινόνnewA1 ASM · καινόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαινός: meaning 'new'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀρχὴdominionsN1 NSF · ἀρχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀρχή: meaning 'dominions'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δοξάζετεglorifyV1 PAD2P · δοξάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateδοξάζω: meaning 'glorify'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομαnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἄκρουtips / endsA1A GSM · ἄκροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄκρος: meaning 'tips'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταβαίνοντεςwent downV1 · παπνπμ βαίνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ βαίνω + κατα: meaning 'went down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θάλασσανseaN1S ASF · θάλασσαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθάλασσα: meaning 'sea'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πλέοντεςπαπνπμ πλεωV2 · παπνπμ πλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ πλέω: meaning 'παπνπμ πλεω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νῆσοιislandsN2 NPF · νήσοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνήσος: meaning 'islands'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦντεςdwellingV2 · παπνπμ οἰκέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτάςthemRD APF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτάς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
11
εὐφράνθητι ἔρημος καὶ αἱ κῶμαι αὐτῆς ἐπαύλεις καὶ οἱ κατοικοῦντες Κηδαρ εὐφρανθήσονται οἱ κατοικοῦντες Πέτραν ἀπ' ἄκρων τῶν ὀρέων βοήσουσιν
Let the wilderness and its villages be glad, the encampments where Kedar dwells. Those who inhabit Petra shall rejoice; from the tops of the mountains they shall cry aloud.
Even wilderness settlements and remote mountain dwellers are summoned into the praise, broadening the circle of rejoicing.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
εὐφράνθητιrejoiceVC APD2S · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐφραίνω: meaning 'rejoice'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔρημοςwildernessN2 NSF · ἔρημοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔρημος: meaning 'wilderness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κῶμαιvillagesN1 NPF · κώμηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκώμη: meaning 'villages'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπαύλειςvillageN3I NPF · ἔπαυλιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔπαυλις: meaning 'village'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦντεςdwellingV2 · παπνπμ οἰκέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΚηδαρKedarN AS · Κηδαρnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΚηδαρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
εὐφρανθήσονταιrejoiceVC FPI3P · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεὐφραίνω: meaning 'rejoice'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦντεςdwellingV2 · παπνπμ οἰκέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΠέτρανPetraN AS · Πέτραnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΠέτραν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἄκρωνtips / endsA1A GPN · ἄκροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄκρος: meaning 'tips'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀρέωνmountainN3E GPN · ὄροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὄρος: meaning 'mountain'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
βοήσουσινcry outVF FAI3P · βοάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβοάω: meaning 'cry out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
12
δώσουσιν τῷ θεῷ δόξαν τὰς ἀρετὰς αὐτοῦ ἐν ταῖς νήσοις ἀναγγελοῦσιν
They shall give glory to God, and in the islands they shall proclaim his mighty deeds.
The praise becomes explicit witness as the islands announce the Lord’s mighty acts.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
δώσουσινgiveVF FAI3P · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δόξανgloryN1S ASF · δόξαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀρετὰςpraise / excellenceN1 APF · ἀρετήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀρετή: meaning 'praise'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νήσοιςislandsN2 DPF · νήσοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceνήσος: meaning 'islands'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀναγγελοῦσινproclaimVF2 FAI3P · ἀγγέλλω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀγγέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'proclaim'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
13
κύριος ὁ θεὸς τῶν δυνάμεων ἐξελεύσεται καὶ συντρίψει πόλεμον ἐπεγερεῖ ζῆλον καὶ βοήσεται ἐπὶ τοὺς ἐχθροὺς αὐτοῦ μετὰ ἰσχύος
The Lord God of hosts will go forth and shatter war; he will stir up zeal and cry aloud against his enemies with strength.
The gentle servant portrait is complemented by a warrior image of the Lord himself advancing in zeal against his enemies.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμεωνforce / powerN3I GPF · δύναμιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδύναμις: meaning 'force'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐξελεύσεταιwent outVF FMI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'went out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συντρίψειwas crushedVF FAI3S · τρίβω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτρίβω + συν: meaning 'was crushed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πόλεμονwarN2 ASM · πόλεμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπόλεμος: meaning 'war'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπεγερεῖwill stir upVF2 FAI3S · ἐγείρω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἐγείρω + ἐπι: meaning 'will stir up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ζῆλονjealousyN2 ASM · ζῆλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationζῆλος: meaning 'jealousy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βοήσεταιwill cry outVF FMI3S · βοάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβοάω: meaning 'will cry out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐχθροὺςenemiesN2 APM · ἐχθρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'enemies'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἰσχύοςstrengthN3U GSF · ἰσχύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
14
ἐσιώπησα μὴ καὶ ἀεὶ σιωπήσομαι καὶ ἀνέξομαι ἐκαρτέρησα ὡς ἡ τίκτουσα ἐκστήσω καὶ ξηρανῶ ἅμα
I have kept silent; shall I also be silent forever and endure? I have persisted; like a woman giving birth I will cry out and devastate and dry up at once.
After long silence, the Lord announces a disruptive intervention as sudden and forceful as labor pains.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἐσιώπησαbe silentVAI AAI1S · σιωπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristσιωπάω: meaning 'be silent'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀεὶalwaysD · ἀείadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἀεὶ: meaning 'always'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σιωπήσομαιbe silentVF FMI1S · σιωπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσιωπάω: meaning 'be silent'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέξομαι+ anaVF FMI1S · ἔχω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἔχω + ἀνα: meaning '+ ana'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκαρτέρησαwait steadfastlyVAI AAI1S · καρτερέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκαρτερέω: meaning 'wait steadfastly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡςasD · ὡςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τίκτουσαπαπνσφ τικτωV1 · παπνσφ τίκτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσφ τίκτω: meaning 'παπνσφ τικτω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκστήσωwere terrified / panickedVF FAI1S · ἵστημι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵστημι + ἐκ: meaning 'were terrified'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ξηρανῶdry up / witherVF2 FAI1S · ξηραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureξηραίνω: meaning 'dry up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἅμαtogetherD · ἅμαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἅμα: meaning 'together'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
15
καὶ θήσω ποταμοὺς εἰς νήσους καὶ ἕλη ξηρανῶ
And I will turn rivers into islands, and I will dry up marshes.
The upheaval includes the landscape itself, showing that the coming act of God remakes creation.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θήσωI will set / placeVF FAI1S · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτίθημι: meaning 'I will set'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ποταμοὺςriversN2 APM · ποταμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationποταμός: meaning 'rivers'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
νήσουςislandsN2 APF · νήσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνήσος: meaning 'islands'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἕληmarshN3E APN · ἕλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἕλος: meaning 'marsh'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ξηρανῶdry up / witherVF2 FAI1S · ξηραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureξηραίνω: meaning 'dry up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
16
καὶ ἄξω τυφλοὺς ἐν ὁδῷ ᾗ οὐκ ἔγνωσαν καὶ τρίβους οὓς οὐκ ᾔδεισαν πατῆσαι ποιήσω αὐτούς ποιήσω αὐτοῖς τὸ σκότος εἰς φῶς καὶ τὰ σκολιὰ εἰς εὐθεῖαν ταῦτα τὰ ῥήματα ποιήσω καὶ οὐκ ἐγκαταλείψω αὐτούς
And I will lead the blind in a way they have not known, and in paths they have not known to tread I will make them walk. I will make darkness into light for them and crooked things into straightness. These are the words I will do, and I will not forsake them.
Yet for the blind whom he leads, the intervention is mercy: darkness becomes light and crooked paths are straightened.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄξωbringVF FAI1S · ἄγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἄγω: meaning 'bring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τυφλοὺςblindA1 APM · τυφλόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτυφλός: meaning 'blind'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὁδῷwayN2 DSF · ὁδόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ᾗwhichRR DSF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestᾗ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔγνωσανknowingVZI AAI3P · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγιγνώσκω: meaning 'knowing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τρίβουςpathN2 APM · τρίβοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτρίβος: meaning 'path'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὓςwhichRR APM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὓς: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ᾔδεισανI knowVYI YAI3P · οἶδαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateοἶδα: meaning 'I know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πατῆσαιmay treadVA AAN · πατέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementπατέω: meaning 'may tread'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ποιήσωdidVF FAI1S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ποιήσωdidVF FAI1S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκότοςdarknessN3E ASN · σκότοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσκότος: meaning 'darkness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
φῶςlightN3T ASN · φῶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφῶς: meaning 'light'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκολιὰtheN2N APN · σκολιόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσκολιός: meaning 'the'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
εὐθεῖανstraight / uprightA3U ASF · εὐθύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationεὐθύς: meaning 'straight'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ταῦταthisRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥήματαwordsN3M APN · ῥῆμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationῥῆμα: meaning 'words'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ποιήσωdidVF FAI1S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγκαταλείψωI will leave / forsakeVF FAI1S · λείπω + ἐν + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλείπω + ἐν + κατα: meaning 'I will leave'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
17
αὐτοὶ δὲ ἀπεστράφησαν εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω αἰσχύνθητε αἰσχύνην οἱ πεποιθότες ἐπὶ τοῖς γλυπτοῖς οἱ λέγοντες τοῖς χωνευτοῖς ὑμεῖς ἐστε θεοὶ ἡμῶν
But they were turned backward. Be utterly ashamed, you who trust in carved images, who say to molten things, 'You are our gods.'
Those who rely on idols experience the opposite result and are driven backward in public shame.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
αὐτοὶtheyRD NPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὶ: meaning 'they'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπεστράφησανthey turned backVDI API3P · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'they turned back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀπίσωafter / behindD · ὀπίσωadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὀπίσω: meaning 'after'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἰσχύνθητεaischynoVC APS2P · αἰσχύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyαἰσχύνω: meaning 'aischyno'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἰσχύνηνshameN1 ASF · αἰσχύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰσχύνη: meaning 'shame'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεποιθότεςtrustingVX · χαπνπμ πείθωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπνπμ πείθω: meaning 'trusting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γλυπτοῖςglyptosA1 DPM · γλυπτόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγλυπτός: meaning 'glyptos'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λέγοντεςsayingV1 · παπνπμ λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ λέγω: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χωνευτοῖςmolten imagesA1 DPM · χωνευτόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχωνευτός: meaning 'molten images'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὑμεῖςyouRP NP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὑμεῖς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐστεisV9 PAI2P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θεοὶGodN2 NPM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡμῶνmyRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
18
οἱ κωφοί ἀκούσατε καὶ οἱ τυφλοί ἀναβλέψατε ἰδεῖν
You deaf, hear; and you blind, look up to see.
The oracle now turns accusatory, summoning the deaf and blind to perceive what they have refused to perceive.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κωφοίmuteA1 NPM · κωφόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκωφός: meaning 'mute'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀκούσατεheardVA AAD2P · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀκούω: meaning 'heard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τυφλοίblind menA1 NPM · τυφλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτυφλός: meaning 'blind men'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀναβλέψατεhe regained sightVA AAD2P · βλέπω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateβλέπω + ἀνα: meaning 'he regained sight'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἰδεῖνsawVB AAN · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementὁράω: meaning 'saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
19
καὶ τίς τυφλὸς ἀλλ' ἢ οἱ παῖδές μου καὶ κωφοὶ ἀλλ' ἢ οἱ κυριεύοντες αὐτῶν καὶ ἐτυφλώθησαν οἱ δοῦλοι τοῦ θεοῦ
And who is blind but my servants, and deaf but those ruling over them? And the servants of God were blinded.
Israel’s servant identity is exposed in irony: the very servants meant to see and hear have become blind and deaf.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίςwhatRI NSM · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτίς: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τυφλὸςblindA1 NSM · τυφλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτυφλός: meaning 'blind'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀλλ'butC · ἀλλάconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλ': meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἢorX · ἤadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παῖδέςservantN3D NPM · παῖςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαῖς: meaning 'servant'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κωφοὶdeafA1 NPM · κωφόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκωφός: meaning 'deaf'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀλλ'butC · ἀλλάconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλ': meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἢorX · ἤadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυριεύοντεςruleV1 · παπνπμ κυριεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ κυριεύω: meaning 'rule'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐτυφλώθησαντυφλοωVCI API3P · τυφλόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτυφλόω: meaning 'τυφλοω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δοῦλοιservantN2 NPM · δοῦλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδοῦλος: meaning 'servant'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
20
εἴδετε πλεονάκις καὶ οὐκ ἐφυλάξασθε ἠνοιγμένα τὰ ὦτα καὶ οὐκ ἠκούσατε
You saw many things and did not keep watch; your ears were opened, and you did not hear.
The indictment sharpens by stressing repeated exposure to revelation without obedient attention.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
εἴδετεyou sawVBI AAI2P · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁράω: meaning 'you saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πλεονάκιςoftenD · πλεονάκιςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλεονάκις: meaning 'often'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐφυλάξασθεyou shall keepVAI AMI2P · φυλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristφυλάσσω: meaning 'you shall keep'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἠνοιγμέναanaVXI XPPAPNOI)/GW · ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participial qualificationἀνα: meaning 'ana'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὦταearN3T APN · οὖςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοὖς: meaning 'ear'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠκούσατεheardVAI AAI2P · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀκούω: meaning 'heard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
21
κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἐβούλετο ἵνα δικαιωθῇ καὶ μεγαλύνῃ αἴνεσιν καὶ εἶδον
The Lord God willed that he should be justified and that he should magnify praise, and they saw.
This verse comments on the Lord’s intent to vindicate and magnify his instruction, even though the people’s response remained defective.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐβούλετοwas minded / willedV1I IMI3S · βούλομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processβούλομαι: meaning 'was minded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δικαιωθῇyou shall justify / acquitVC APS3S · δικαιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyδικαιόω: meaning 'you shall justify'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεγαλύνῃgrew great / was magnifiedVA AAS3S · μεγαλύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyμεγαλύνω: meaning 'grew great'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἴνεσινpraiseN3I ASF · αἴνεσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἴνεσις: meaning 'praise'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶδονsawVBI AAI1S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁράω: meaning 'saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
22
καὶ ἐγένετο ὁ λαὸς πεπρονομευμένος καὶ διηρπασμένος ἡ γὰρ παγὶς ἐν τοῖς ταμιείοις πανταχοῦ καὶ ἐν οἴκοις ἅμα ὅπου ἔκρυψαν αὐτούς ἐγένοντο εἰς προνομήν καὶ οὐκ ἦν ὁ ἐξαιρούμενος ἅρπαγμα καὶ οὐκ ἦν ὁ λέγων ἀπόδος
And the people became plundered and despoiled; for the snare is everywhere in the storehouses and in houses alike where they hid them. They became spoil, and there was no one rescuing; plunder, and there was no one saying, 'Restore.'
The national condition is then described as sheer plunder, with no rescuer and no advocate to demand restoration.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πεπρονομευμένοςχππνσμ νομευω VM · χππνσμ νομεύω + προverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππνσμ νομεύω + προ: meaning 'χππνσμ νομευω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διηρπασμένοςχππνσμ αρπαζω VT · χππνσμ ἁρπάζω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππνσμ ἁρπάζω + δια: meaning 'χππνσμ αρπαζω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παγὶςsnareN3D NSF · παγίςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαγίς: meaning 'snare'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ταμιείοιςinner roomN2N DPN · ταμιεῖονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceταμιεῖον: meaning 'inner room'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πανταχοῦπανταχουD · πανταχοῦadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπανταχοῦ: meaning 'πανταχου'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οἴκοιςhouseN2 DPM · οἶκοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἅμαtogetherD · ἅμαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἅμα: meaning 'together'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὅπουwhereD · ὅπουadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπου: meaning 'where'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔκρυψανhidVAI AAI3P · κρύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκρύπτω: meaning 'hid'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐγένοντοit came to passVBI AMI3P · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
προνομήνplunderN1 ASF · προνομήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρονομή: meaning 'plunder'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνisV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'is'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐξαιρούμενοςdeliverV2 · πμπνσμ αἱρέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ αἱρέω + ἐκ: meaning 'deliver'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἅρπαγμαplunderN3M ASN · ἅρπαγμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἅρπαγμα: meaning 'plunder'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνisV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'is'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπόδοςδίδωμιVO AAD2S · δίδωμι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateδίδωμι + ἀπο: meaning 'δίδωμι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
23
τίς ἐν ὑμῖν ὃς ἐνωτιεῖται ταῦτα εἰσακούσεται εἰς τὰ ἐπερχόμενα
Who among you will give ear to these things and listen for the things to come?
The prophet presses the audience to hear this diagnosis now so they may understand what follows.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
τίςwhatRI NSM · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτίς: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὑμῖνyouRP DP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὃςwhichRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνωτιεῖταιgive earVF2 FMI3S · ἐνωτίζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἐνωτίζομαι: meaning 'give ear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ταῦταthisRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰσακούσεταιlisten toVF FMI3S · ἀκούω + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀκούω + εἰς: meaning 'listen to'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπερχόμεναἔρχομαι + ἐπιV1 · πμπαπν ἔρχομαι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπαπν ἔρχομαι + ἐπι: meaning 'ἔρχομαι + ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
24
τίς ἔδωκεν εἰς διαρπαγὴν Ιακωβ καὶ Ισραηλ τοῖς προνομεύουσιν αὐτόν οὐχὶ ὁ θεός ᾧ ἡμάρτοσαν αὐτῷ καὶ οὐκ ἐβούλοντο ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτοῦ πορεύεσθαι οὐδὲ ἀκούειν τοῦ νόμου αὐτοῦ
Who gave Jacob up to plunder and Israel to those stripping him? Was it not God, against whom they sinned? They were unwilling to walk in his ways or to hear his law.
The answer is theological rather than geopolitical: Jacob’s desolation came from the Lord because of covenant sin and disobedience.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
τίςwhatRI NSM · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτίς: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔδωκενgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
διαρπαγὴνδιαρπαγήN1 ASF · διαρπαγήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδιαρπαγή: meaning 'διαρπαγή'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΙακωβJacobN ASM · Ἰακώβnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙακωβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙσραηλIsraelN ASM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προνομεύουσινπροV1 PAI3P · νομεύω + προverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processνομεύω + προ: meaning 'προ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐχὶnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχὶ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ᾧwhichRR DSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestᾧ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡμάρτοσανI have sinnedVBI AAI3P · ἁμαρτάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἁμαρτάνω: meaning 'I have sinned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷhimRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐβούλοντοwishV1I IMI3P · βούλομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processβούλομαι: meaning 'wish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδοῖςwayN2 DPF · ὁδόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πορεύεσθαιwentV1 PMN · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementπορεύομαι: meaning 'went'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀκούεινheardV1 PAN · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἀκούω: meaning 'heard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νόμουlawN2 GSM · νόμοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
25
καὶ ἐπήγαγεν ἐπ' αὐτοὺς ὀργὴν θυμοῦ αὐτοῦ καὶ κατίσχυσεν αὐτοὺς πόλεμος καὶ οἱ συμφλέγοντες αὐτοὺς κύκλῳ καὶ οὐκ ἔγνωσαν ἕκαστος αὐτῶν οὐδὲ ἔθεντο ἐπὶ ψυχήν
And he brought upon them the wrath of his anger, and war prevailed against them, and those burning them up all around; but each one of them did not know, nor did they lay it to heart.
The chapter closes by noting that even consuming wrath and surrounding war failed to produce understanding or repentance.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπήγαγενwill bringVBI AAI3S · ἄγω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἄγω + ἐπι: meaning 'will bring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὀργὴνwith angerN1 ASF · ὀργήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀργή: meaning 'with anger'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
θυμοῦwrathN2 GSM · θυμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθυμός: meaning 'wrath'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατίσχυσενprevail over / strengthenVAI AAI3S · ἰσχύω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἰσχύω + κατα: meaning 'prevail over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πόλεμοςwarN2 NSM · πόλεμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπόλεμος: meaning 'war'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συμφλέγοντεςπαπνπμ φλεγω V1 · παπνπμ φλέγω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ φλέγω + συν: meaning 'παπνπμ φλεγω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύκλῳaroundN2 DSM · κύκλοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκύκλος: meaning 'around'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔγνωσανknowingVZI AAI3P · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγιγνώσκω: meaning 'knowing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἕκαστοςeachA1 NSM · ἕκαστοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἕκαστος: meaning 'each'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔθεντοputVEI AMI3P · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτίθημι: meaning 'put'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ψυχήνsoulN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.