1
καὶ νῦν οὕτως λέγει κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ ποιήσας σε Ιακωβ ὁ πλάσας σε Ισραηλ μὴ φοβοῦ ὅτι ἐλυτρωσάμην σε ἐκάλεσά σε τὸ ὄνομά σου ἐμὸς εἶ σύ
And now thus says the Lord God, the one who made you, Jacob, the one who formed you, Israel: Do not fear, because I have redeemed you; I have called you by your name; you are mine.
The chapter opens with covenant reassurance: the creator and redeemer of Jacob names his people as his own and therefore forbids fear.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb shaping the clause’s discourse force or mannerνῦν: particle or adverb rendered here as "now"; it shapes the clause's manner, emphasis, or discourse flow.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςparticle or adverb shaping the clause’s discourse force or mannerοὕτως: particle or adverb rendered here as "thus"; it shapes the clause's manner, emphasis, or discourse flow.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωmain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingλέγω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "say"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning within the clauseκύριος: lexical item rendered here as "Lord"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning within the clauseθεός: lexical item rendered here as "God"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
ποιήσαςhaving madeVA · ααπνσμ ποιέωverbal form carrying or qualifying the action within the clause→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionααπνσμ ποιέω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "having made"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal element functioning as object or goalσύ: pronoun rendered here as "you"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
ΙακωβJacobN VSM · Ἰακώβproper name functioning within the clause or phraseΙακωβ: proper name preserved in Greek form and rendered here as "Jacob" within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
πλάσαςwho formedVA · ααπνσμ πλάσσωverbal form carrying or qualifying the action within the clause→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionααπνσμ πλάσσω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "who formed"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal element functioning as object or goalσύ: pronoun rendered here as "you"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
ΙσραηλIsraelN VSM · Ἰσραήλproper name functioning within the clause or phraseΙσραηλ: proper name preserved in Greek form and rendered here as "Israel" within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
μὴnotD · μήparticle or adverb shaping the clause’s discourse force or mannerμή: particle or adverb rendered here as "not"; it shapes the clause's manner, emphasis, or discourse flow.
φοβοῦfearV2 PMD2S · φοβέωverbal form expressing command, request, or exhortation→ middle verbal form highlighting the subject’s participation in the actionφοβέω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "fear"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsὅτι: connective rendered here as "that"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
ἐλυτρωσάμηνredeemVAI AMI1S · λυτρόωverbal form presenting the action as a whole within the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeλυτρόω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "redeem"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal element functioning as object or goalσύ: pronoun rendered here as "you"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
ἐκάλεσάcalledVAI AAI1S · καλέωverbal form presenting the action as a whole within the clause→ verbal form carrying the clause's action forwardκαλέω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "called"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal element functioning as object or goalσύ: pronoun rendered here as "you"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
ὄνομάnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative element functioning as object or goalὄνομα: lexical item rendered here as "name"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal dependent marking possession or relationσύ: pronoun rendered here as "you"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
ἐμὸςἐμόςA1 NSM · ἐμόςnominative element functioning within the clauseἐμός: lexical item rendered here as "ἐμός"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
εἶbeV9 PAI2S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered here as "be"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
σύyouRP NS · σύpronominal element functioning within the clause coreσύ: pronoun rendered here as "you"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
2
καὶ ἐὰν διαβαίνῃς δι' ὕδατος μετὰ σοῦ εἰμι καὶ ποταμοὶ οὐ συγκλύσουσίν σε καὶ ἐὰν διέλθῃς διὰ πυρός οὐ μὴ κατακαυθῇς φλὸξ οὐ κατακαύσει σε
And if you pass through water, I am with you, and rivers will not overwhelm you; and if you go through fire, you shall certainly not be burned, and flame shall not consume you.
The water-and-fire imagery extends the reassurance by promising divine presence through every threatening passage.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
ἐὰνifX · ἐάνconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsἐάν: connective rendered here as "if"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
διαβαίνῃςβαίνωV1 PAS2S · βαίνω + διαmain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingβαίνω + δια: verbal lexeme rendered here as "βαίνω"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
δι'throughP · διάpreposition governing its complementδιά: preposition rendered here as "through"; it introduces its complement and marks relation within the clause.
ὕδατοςwaterN3T GSN · ὕδωρgenitive dependent within the phraseὕδωρ: lexical item rendered here as "water"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complementμετά: preposition rendered here as "with"; it introduces its complement and marks relation within the clause.
σοῦyouRP GS · σύpronominal dependent marking possession or relationσύ: pronoun rendered here as "you"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
εἰμιamV9 PAI1S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered here as "am"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
ποταμοὶriverN2 NPM · ποταμόςnominative element functioning within the clauseποταμός: lexical item rendered here as "river"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐparticle or adverb shaping the clause’s discourse force or mannerοὐ: particle or adverb rendered here as "not"; it shapes the clause's manner, emphasis, or discourse flow.
συγκλύσουσίνκλύζωVF2 FAI3P · κλύζω + συνmain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardκλύζω + συν: verbal lexeme rendered here as "κλύζω"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal element functioning as object or goalσύ: pronoun rendered here as "you"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
ἐὰνifX · ἐάνconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsἐάν: connective rendered here as "if"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
διέλθῃςgo throughVB AAS2S · ἔρχομαι + διαverbal form presenting the action as a whole within the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeἔρχομαι + δια: verbal lexeme rendered here as "go through"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complementδιά: preposition rendered here as "through"; it introduces its complement and marks relation within the clause.
πυρόςfireN3 GSN · πῦρgenitive dependent within the phraseπῦρ: lexical item rendered here as "fire"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐparticle or adverb shaping the clause’s discourse force or mannerοὐ: particle or adverb rendered here as "not"; it shapes the clause's manner, emphasis, or discourse flow.
μὴnotD · μήparticle or adverb shaping the clause’s discourse force or mannerμή: particle or adverb rendered here as "not"; it shapes the clause's manner, emphasis, or discourse flow.
κατακαυθῇςκαίωVC APS2S · καίω + καταmain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingκαίω + κατα: verbal lexeme rendered here as "καίω"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
φλὸξa flameN3G NSF · φλόξnominative element functioning within the clauseφλόξ: lexical item rendered here as "a flame"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐparticle or adverb shaping the clause’s discourse force or mannerοὐ: particle or adverb rendered here as "not"; it shapes the clause's manner, emphasis, or discourse flow.
κατακαύσεικαίωVF FAI3S · καίω + καταverbal form projecting the action or state forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardκαίω + κατα: verbal lexeme rendered here as "καίω"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal element functioning as object or goalσύ: pronoun rendered here as "you"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
3
ὅτι ἐγὼ κύριος ὁ θεός σου ὁ ἅγιος Ισραηλ ὁ σῴζων σε ἐποίησά σου ἄλλαγμα Αἴγυπτον καὶ Αἰθιοπίαν καὶ Σοήνην ὑπὲρ σοῦ
Because I am the Lord your God, the Holy One of Israel, the one who saves you; I have given Egypt as your ransom, and Ethiopia and Syene on your behalf.
The Lord explains why the promise stands: he alone is Israel’s holy savior and values the people above surrounding nations.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsὅτι: connective rendered here as "that"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause coreἐγώ: pronoun rendered here as "I"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning within the clauseκύριος: lexical item rendered here as "Lord"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning within the clauseθεός: lexical item rendered here as "God"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal dependent marking possession or relationσύ: pronoun rendered here as "you"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
ἅγιοςholyA1A NSM · ἅγιοςnominative element functioning within the clauseἅγιος: lexical item rendered here as "holy"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name functioning within the clause or phraseΙσραηλ: proper name preserved in Greek form and rendered here as "Israel" within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
σῴζωνsavingV1 · παπνσμ σώζωparticiple adding circumstance, description, or attendant action within the clause→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionπαπνσμ σώζω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "saving"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal element functioning as object or goalσύ: pronoun rendered here as "you"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
ἐποίησάdo / makeVAI AAI1S · ποιέωverbal form presenting the action as a whole within the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeποιέω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "do / make"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal dependent marking possession or relationσύ: pronoun rendered here as "you"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
ἄλλαγμαἄλλαγμαN3M ASN · ἄλλαγμαaccusative element functioning as object or goalἄλλαγμα: lexical item rendered here as "ἄλλαγμα"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ΑἴγυπτονEgyptN2 ASF · Αἴγυπτοςaccusative element functioning as object or goalΑἴγυπτος: lexical item rendered here as "Egypt"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
ΑἰθιοπίανEthiopiaN1 ASF · Αἰθιοπίαaccusative element functioning as object or goalΑἰθιοπία: lexical item rendered here as "Ethiopia"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
ΣοήνηνSyeneN1 ASF · Σοήνηaccusative element functioning as object or goalΣοήνη: lexical item rendered here as "Syene"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complementὑπέρ: preposition rendered here as "for / on behalf of"; it introduces its complement and marks relation within the clause.
σοῦyouRP GS · σύpronominal dependent marking possession or relationσύ: pronoun rendered here as "you"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
4
ἀφ' οὗ ἔντιμος ἐγένου ἐναντίον μου ἐδοξάσθης κἀγώ σε ἠγάπησα καὶ δώσω ἀνθρώπους πολλοὺς ὑπὲρ σοῦ καὶ ἄρχοντας ὑπὲρ τῆς κεφαλῆς σου
From the time you became precious in my sight, you were glorified, and I loved you; and I will give many people in exchange for you, and rulers in place of your head.
The oracle continues by grounding restoration in divine valuation, glory, and love.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ἀφ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complementἀπό: preposition rendered here as "from"; it introduces its complement and marks relation within the clause.
οὗwhereRR GSM · ὅςpronominal dependent marking possession or relationὅς: pronoun rendered here as "where"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
ἔντιμοςhonoredA1B NSM · ἔντιμοςnominative element functioning within the clauseἔντιμος: lexical item rendered here as "honored"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ἐγένουegenoyVBI AMI2S · γίγνομαιverbal form presenting the action as a whole within the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeγίγνομαι: verbal lexeme rendered here as "egenoy"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
ἐναντίονbeforeD · ἐναντίονparticle or adverb shaping the clause’s discourse force or mannerἐναντίον: particle or adverb rendered here as "before"; it shapes the clause's manner, emphasis, or discourse flow.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal dependent marking possession or relationἐγώ: pronoun rendered here as "my"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
ἐδοξάσθηςδοξάζωVSI API2S · δοξάζωmain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingδοξάζω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "δοξάζω"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
κἀγώI alsoC+RPNS · καί̈ἐγώindeclinable or particle-like element functioning within the clauseκαί̈ἐγώ: lexical item rendered here as "I also"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal element functioning as object or goalσύ: pronoun rendered here as "you"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
ἠγάπησαlovedVAI AAI1S · ἀγαπάωverbal form presenting the action as a whole within the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeἀγαπάω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "loved"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
δώσωgiveVF FAI1S · δίδωμιverbal form projecting the action or state forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardδίδωμι: verbal lexeme rendered here as "give"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
ἀνθρώπουςpeopleN2 APM · ἄνθρωποςaccusative element functioning as object or goalἄνθρωπος: lexical item rendered here as "people"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
πολλοὺςmanyA1 APM · πολύςaccusative element functioning as object or goalπολύς: lexical item rendered here as "many"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complementὑπέρ: preposition rendered here as "for / on behalf of"; it introduces its complement and marks relation within the clause.
σοῦyouRP GS · σύpronominal dependent marking possession or relationσύ: pronoun rendered here as "you"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
ἄρχονταςruler / chiefN3 APM · ἄρχωνaccusative element functioning as object or goalἄρχων: lexical item rendered here as "ruler / chief"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complementὑπέρ: preposition rendered here as "for / on behalf of"; it introduces its complement and marks relation within the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
κεφαλῆςheadN1 GSF · κεφαλήgenitive dependent within the phraseκεφαλή: lexical item rendered here as "head"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal dependent marking possession or relationσύ: pronoun rendered here as "you"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
5
μὴ φοβοῦ ὅτι μετὰ σοῦ εἰμι ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν ἄξω τὸ σπέρμα σου καὶ ἀπὸ δυσμῶν συνάξω σε
Do not fear, because I am with you; from the east I will bring your seed, and from the west I will gather you.
Fear is answered again with a worldwide regathering from east and west.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
μὴnotD · μήparticle or adverb shaping the clause’s discourse force or mannerμή: particle or adverb rendered here as "not"; it shapes the clause's manner, emphasis, or discourse flow.
φοβοῦfearV2 PMD2S · φοβέωverbal form expressing command, request, or exhortation→ middle verbal form highlighting the subject’s participation in the actionφοβέω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "fear"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsὅτι: connective rendered here as "that"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complementμετά: preposition rendered here as "with"; it introduces its complement and marks relation within the clause.
σοῦyouRP GS · σύpronominal dependent marking possession or relationσύ: pronoun rendered here as "you"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
εἰμιamV9 PAI1S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered here as "am"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complementἀπό: preposition rendered here as "from"; it introduces its complement and marks relation within the clause.
ἀνατολῶνeastN1 GPF · ἀνατολήgenitive dependent within the phraseἀνατολή: lexical item rendered here as "east"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ἄξωbringVF FAI1S · ἄγωverbal form projecting the action or state forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardἄγω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "bring"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
σπέρμαseedN3M ASN · σπέρμαaccusative element functioning as object or goalσπέρμα: lexical item rendered here as "seed"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal dependent marking possession or relationσύ: pronoun rendered here as "you"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complementἀπό: preposition rendered here as "from"; it introduces its complement and marks relation within the clause.
δυσμῶνsettingN1 GPF · δυσμήgenitive dependent within the phraseδυσμή: lexical item rendered here as "setting"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
συνάξωI will gatherVF FAI1S · ἄγω + συνverbal form projecting the action or state forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardἄγω + συν: verbal lexeme rendered here as "I will gather"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal element functioning as object or goalσύ: pronoun rendered here as "you"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
6
ἐρῶ τῷ βορρᾷ ἄγε καὶ τῷ λιβί μὴ κώλυε ἄγε τοὺς υἱούς μου ἀπὸ γῆς πόρρωθεν καὶ τὰς θυγατέρας μου ἀπ' ἄκρων τῆς γῆς
I will say to the north, Bring them, and to the south, Do not hinder; bring my sons from a distant land and my daughters from the ends of the earth.
The horizon itself is commanded to surrender the dispersed sons and daughters.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
ἐρῶI will tellVF2 FAI1S · εἶπονverbal form projecting the action or state forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardεἶπον: verbal lexeme rendered here as "I will tell"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
βορρᾷβορέαςN1T DSM · βορέαςdative element marking reference, means, or locationβορέας: lexical item rendered here as "βορέας"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ἄγεbringV1 PAD2S · ἄγωmain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingἄγω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "bring"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
λιβίλίψN3P DSM · λίψdative element marking reference, means, or locationλίψ: lexical item rendered here as "λίψ"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
μὴnotD · μήparticle or adverb shaping the clause’s discourse force or mannerμή: particle or adverb rendered here as "not"; it shapes the clause's manner, emphasis, or discourse flow.
κώλυεκωλύωV1 PAD2S · κωλύωmain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingκωλύω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "κωλύω"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
ἄγεbringV1 PAD2S · ἄγωmain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingἄγω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "bring"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
υἱούςsonN2 APM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object or goalυἱός: lexical item rendered here as "son"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal dependent marking possession or relationἐγώ: pronoun rendered here as "my"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complementἀπό: preposition rendered here as "from"; it introduces its complement and marks relation within the clause.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive dependent within the phraseγῆ: lexical item rendered here as "land"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
πόρρωθενfrom afarD · πόρρωθενparticle or adverb shaping the clause’s discourse force or mannerπόρρωθεν: particle or adverb rendered here as "from afar"; it shapes the clause's manner, emphasis, or discourse flow.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
θυγατέραςdaughterN3 APF · θυγάτηρaccusative element functioning as object or goalθυγάτηρ: lexical item rendered here as "daughter"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal dependent marking possession or relationἐγώ: pronoun rendered here as "my"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complementἀπό: preposition rendered here as "from"; it introduces its complement and marks relation within the clause.
ἄκρωνthe endsA1A GPM · ἄκροςgenitive dependent within the phraseἄκρος: lexical item rendered here as "the ends"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive dependent within the phraseγῆ: lexical item rendered here as "land"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
7
πάντας ὅσοι ἐπικέκληνται τῷ ὀνόματί μου ἐν γὰρ τῇ δόξῃ μου κατεσκεύασα αὐτὸν καὶ ἔπλασα καὶ ἐποίησα αὐτόν
Bring all who are called by my name; for in my glory I prepared him and I formed and made him.
The regathering is interpreted teleologically: those called by the divine name were created for the Lord’s glory.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
πάνταςall / everyA3 APM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goalπᾶς: lexical item rendered here as "all / every"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ὅσοιas many asA1 NPM · ὅσοςnominative element functioning within the clauseὅσος: lexical item rendered here as "as many as"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ἐπικέκληνταικαλέωVM XMI3P · καλέω + ἐπιmain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ middle verbal form highlighting the subject’s participation in the actionκαλέω + ἐπι: verbal lexeme rendered here as "καλέω"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
ὀνόματίnameN3M DSN · ὄνομαdative element marking reference, means, or locationὄνομα: lexical item rendered here as "name"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal dependent marking possession or relationἐγώ: pronoun rendered here as "my"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complementἐν: preposition rendered here as "in"; it introduces its complement and marks relation within the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsγάρ: connective rendered here as "for"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
δόξῃgloryN1S DSF · δόξαdative element marking reference, means, or locationδόξα: lexical item rendered here as "glory"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal dependent marking possession or relationἐγώ: pronoun rendered here as "my"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
κατεσκεύασαI preparedVAI AAI1S · σκευάζω + καταverbal form presenting the action as a whole within the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeσκευάζω + κατα: verbal lexeme rendered here as "I prepared"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning as object or goalαὐτός: pronoun rendered here as "him"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
ἔπλασαformVAI AAI1S · πλάσσωverbal form presenting the action as a whole within the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeπλάσσω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "form"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
ἐποίησαdo / makeVAI AAI1S · ποιέωverbal form presenting the action as a whole within the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeποιέω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "do / make"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning as object or goalαὐτός: pronoun rendered here as "him"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
8
καὶ ἐξήγαγον λαὸν τυφλόν καὶ ὀφθαλμοί εἰσιν ὡσαύτως τυφλοί καὶ κωφοὶ τὰ ὦτα ἔχοντες
And I brought out a blind people, though they have eyes, likewise blind, and deaf though they have ears.
The scene shifts toward trial language as a blind and deaf people is brought forward.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
ἐξήγαγονἄγωVBI AAI1S · ἄγω + ἐκverbal form presenting the action as a whole within the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeἄγω + ἐκ: verbal lexeme rendered here as "ἄγω"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
λαὸνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative element functioning as object or goalλαός: lexical item rendered here as "people"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
τυφλόντυφλόςA1 ASM · τυφλόςaccusative element functioning as object or goalτυφλός: lexical item rendered here as "τυφλός"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
ὀφθαλμοίeyesN2 NPM · ὀφθαλμόςnominative element functioning within the clauseὀφθαλμός: lexical item rendered here as "eyes"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
εἰσινareV9 PAI3P · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered here as "are"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
ὡσαύτωςlikewiseD · ὡσαύτωςparticle or adverb shaping the clause’s discourse force or mannerὡσαύτως: particle or adverb rendered here as "likewise"; it shapes the clause's manner, emphasis, or discourse flow.
τυφλοίblind menA1 NPM · τυφλόςnominative element functioning within the clauseτυφλός: lexical item rendered here as "blind men"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
κωφοὶdeafA1 NPM · κωφόςnominative element functioning within the clauseκωφός: lexical item rendered here as "deaf"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
ὦταearsN3T APN · οὖςaccusative element functioning as object or goalοὖς: lexical item rendered here as "ears"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ἔχοντεςholdingV1 · παπνπμ ἔχωparticiple adding circumstance, description, or attendant action within the clause→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionπαπνπμ ἔχω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "holding"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
9
πάντα τὰ ἔθνη συνήχθησαν ἅμα καὶ συναχθήσονται ἄρχοντες ἐξ αὐτῶν τίς ἀναγγελεῖ ταῦτα ἢ τὰ ἐξ ἀρχῆς τίς ἀναγγελεῖ ὑμῖν ἀγαγέτωσαν τοὺς μάρτυρας αὐτῶν καὶ δικαιωθήτωσαν καὶ εἰπάτωσαν ἀληθῆ
Let all the nations be gathered together, and let rulers be assembled from among them. Who will declare these things, or who will tell you the things from the beginning? Let them bring their witnesses and be justified, and let them speak true things.
The nations are challenged to produce predictive testimony and truthful witnesses if they can.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
πάνταallA3 NPN · πᾶςnominative element functioning within the clauseπᾶς: lexical item rendered here as "all"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
ἔθνηnationsN3E NPN · ἔθνοςnominative element functioning within the clauseἔθνος: lexical item rendered here as "nations"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
συνήχθησανwere gatheredVQI API3P · ἄγω + συνmain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingἄγω + συν: verbal lexeme rendered here as "were gathered"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
ἅμαtogetherD · ἅμαparticle or adverb shaping the clause’s discourse force or mannerἅμα: particle or adverb rendered here as "together"; it shapes the clause's manner, emphasis, or discourse flow.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
συναχθήσονταιthey will be gatheredVQ FPI3P · ἄγω + συνmain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardἄγω + συν: verbal lexeme rendered here as "they will be gathered"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
ἄρχοντεςrulersN3 NPM · ἄρχωνnominative element functioning within the clauseἄρχων: lexical item rendered here as "rulers"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complementἐκ: preposition rendered here as "from"; it introduces its complement and marks relation within the clause.
αὐτῶνhisRD GPN · αὐτόςpronominal dependent marking possession or relationαὐτός: pronoun rendered here as "his"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςpronominal element functioning within the clause coreτίς: pronoun rendered here as "who / what"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
ἀναγγελεῖanaVF2 FAI3S · ἀγγέλλω + ἀναverbal form projecting the action or state forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardἀγγέλλω + ἀνα: verbal lexeme rendered here as "ana"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal element functioning as object or goalοὗτος: pronoun rendered here as "these things"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
ἢorC · ἤconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsἤ: connective rendered here as "or"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complementἐκ: preposition rendered here as "from"; it introduces its complement and marks relation within the clause.
ἀρχῆςbeginningN1 GSF · ἀρχήgenitive dependent within the phraseἀρχή: lexical item rendered here as "beginning"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςpronominal element functioning within the clause coreτίς: pronoun rendered here as "who / what"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
ἀναγγελεῖanaVF2 FAI3S · ἀγγέλλω + ἀναverbal form projecting the action or state forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardἀγγέλλω + ἀνα: verbal lexeme rendered here as "ana"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
ὑμῖνto youRP DP · σύpronominal element marking reference, means, or recipientσύ: pronoun rendered here as "to you"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
ἀγαγέτωσανἄγωVB AAD3P · ἄγωverbal form expressing command, request, or exhortation→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeἄγω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "ἄγω"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
μάρτυραςμάρτυςN3 APM · μάρτυςaccusative element functioning as object or goalμάρτυς: lexical item rendered here as "μάρτυς"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
αὐτῶνhisRD GPN · αὐτόςpronominal dependent marking possession or relationαὐτός: pronoun rendered here as "his"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
δικαιωθήτωσανδικαιόωVC APD3P · δικαιόωmain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingδικαιόω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "δικαιόω"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
εἰπάτωσανsayVA AAD3P · εἶπονverbal form expressing command, request, or exhortation→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeεἶπον: verbal lexeme rendered here as "say"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
ἀληθῆtruthfulA3H APN · ἀληθήςaccusative element functioning as object or goalἀληθής: lexical item rendered here as "truthful"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
10
γένεσθέ μοι μάρτυρες κἀγὼ μάρτυς λέγει κύριος ὁ θεός καὶ ὁ παῖς ὃν ἐξελεξάμην ἵνα γνῶτε καὶ πιστεύσητε καὶ συνῆτε ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι ἔμπροσθέν μου οὐκ ἐγένετο ἄλλος θεὸς καὶ μετ' ἐμὲ οὐκ ἔσται
Become witnesses for me, and I also am a witness, says the Lord God, and so is the servant whom I have chosen, so that you may know and believe and understand that I am. Before me no other god came to be, and after me there shall not be one.
Israel and the chosen servant are formally appointed as witnesses to the Lord’s unique deity.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
γένεσθέγίγνομαιVB AMD2P · γίγνομαιverbal form expressing command, request, or exhortation→ middle verbal form highlighting the subject’s participation in the actionγίγνομαι: verbal lexeme rendered here as "γίγνομαι"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal element marking reference, means, or recipientἐγώ: pronoun rendered here as "to me"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
μάρτυρεςμάρτυςN3 NPM · μάρτυςnominative element functioning within the clauseμάρτυς: lexical item rendered here as "μάρτυς"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
κἀγὼand IC+RPNS · καί̈ἐγώindeclinable or particle-like element functioning within the clauseκαί̈ἐγώ: lexical item rendered here as "and I"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
μάρτυςwitnessN3 NSM · μάρτυςnominative element functioning within the clauseμάρτυς: lexical item rendered here as "witness"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωmain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingλέγω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "say"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning within the clauseκύριος: lexical item rendered here as "Lord"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning within the clauseθεός: lexical item rendered here as "God"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
παῖςservantN3D NSM · παῖςnominative element functioning within the clauseπαῖς: lexical item rendered here as "servant"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ὃνwhomRR ASM · ὅςpronominal element functioning as object or goalὅς: pronoun rendered here as "whom"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
ἐξελεξάμηνchooseVAI AMI1S · λέγω + ἐκverbal form presenting the action as a whole within the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeλέγω + ἐκ: verbal lexeme rendered here as "choose"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsἵνα: connective rendered here as "so that"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
γνῶτεknowingVZ AAD2P · γιγνώσκωverbal form expressing command, request, or exhortation→ deliberative future (asking for a means of certain knowledge)γιγνώσκω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "knowing"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
πιστεύσητεyou would believeVA AAS2P · πιστεύωmain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeπιστεύω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "you would believe"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
συνῆτεἴημιV7 AAS2P · ἴημι + συνmain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeἴημι + συν: verbal lexeme rendered here as "ἴημι"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsὅτι: connective rendered here as "that"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
ἐγώIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause coreἐγώ: pronoun rendered here as "I"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
εἰμιamV9 PAI1S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered here as "am"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
ἔμπροσθένbeforeP · ἔμπροσθενpreposition governing its complementἔμπροσθεν: preposition rendered here as "before"; it introduces its complement and marks relation within the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal dependent marking possession or relationἐγώ: pronoun rendered here as "my"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐparticle or adverb shaping the clause’s discourse force or mannerοὐ: particle or adverb rendered here as "not"; it shapes the clause's manner, emphasis, or discourse flow.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form presenting the action as a whole within the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeγίγνομαι: verbal lexeme rendered here as "it came to pass"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
ἄλλοςanotherRD NSM · ἄλλοςpronominal element functioning within the clause coreἄλλος: pronoun rendered here as "another"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning within the clauseθεός: lexical item rendered here as "God"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition governing its complementμετά: preposition rendered here as "with"; it introduces its complement and marks relation within the clause.
ἐμὲmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning as object or goalἐγώ: pronoun rendered here as "me"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐparticle or adverb shaping the clause’s discourse force or mannerοὐ: particle or adverb rendered here as "not"; it shapes the clause's manner, emphasis, or discourse flow.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form projecting the action or state forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered here as "shall be"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
11
ἐγὼ ὁ θεός καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν πάρεξ ἐμοῦ σῴζων
I am God, and besides me there is no one who saves.
The witness testimony is compressed into a direct assertion that no savior exists besides the Lord.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause coreἐγώ: pronoun rendered here as "I"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning within the clauseθεός: lexical item rendered here as "God"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
οὐκnotD · οὐparticle or adverb shaping the clause’s discourse force or mannerοὐ: particle or adverb rendered here as "not"; it shapes the clause's manner, emphasis, or discourse flow.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered here as "there is"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
πάρεξparexP · πάρεξpreposition governing its complementπάρεξ: preposition rendered here as "parex"; it introduces its complement and marks relation within the clause.
ἐμοῦIRP GS · ἐγώpronominal dependent marking possession or relationἐγώ: pronoun rendered here as "I"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
σῴζωνsavingV1 · παπνσμ σώζωparticiple adding circumstance, description, or attendant action within the clause→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionπαπνσμ σώζω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "saving"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
12
ἀνήγγειλα καὶ ἔσωσα ὠνείδισα καὶ οὐκ ἦν ἐν ὑμῖν ἀλλότριος ὑμεῖς ἐμοὶ μάρτυρες κἀγὼ μάρτυς λέγει κύριος ὁ θεός
I declared and saved; I reproached, and there was no alien god among you. You are witnesses for me, and I also am a witness, says the Lord God.
Past acts of declaration and salvation are rehearsed to validate Israel’s witness.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ἀνήγγειλαannounceVAI AAI1S · ἀγγέλλω + ἀναverbal form presenting the action as a whole within the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeἀγγέλλω + ἀνα: verbal lexeme rendered here as "announce"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
ἔσωσαsaveVAI AAI1S · σώζωverbal form presenting the action as a whole within the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeσώζω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "save"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
ὠνείδισαὀνειδίζωVAI AAI1S · ὀνειδίζωverbal form presenting the action as a whole within the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeὀνειδίζω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "ὀνειδίζω"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
οὐκnotD · οὐparticle or adverb shaping the clause’s discourse force or mannerοὐ: particle or adverb rendered here as "not"; it shapes the clause's manner, emphasis, or discourse flow.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying or qualifying the action within the clause→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered here as "was"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complementἐν: preposition rendered here as "in"; it introduces its complement and marks relation within the clause.
ὑμῖνto youRP DP · σύpronominal element marking reference, means, or recipientσύ: pronoun rendered here as "to you"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
ἀλλότριοςforeignerA1A NSM · ἀλλότριοςnominative element functioning within the clauseἀλλότριος: lexical item rendered here as "foreigner"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ὑμεῖςyouRP NP · σύpronominal element functioning within the clause coreσύ: pronoun rendered here as "you"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
ἐμοὶmeRP DS · ἐγώpronominal element marking reference, means, or recipientἐγώ: pronoun rendered here as "me"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
μάρτυρεςμάρτυςN3 NPM · μάρτυςnominative element functioning within the clauseμάρτυς: lexical item rendered here as "μάρτυς"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
κἀγὼand IC+RPNS · καί̈ἐγώindeclinable or particle-like element functioning within the clauseκαί̈ἐγώ: lexical item rendered here as "and I"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
μάρτυςwitnessN3 NSM · μάρτυςnominative element functioning within the clauseμάρτυς: lexical item rendered here as "witness"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωmain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingλέγω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "say"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning within the clauseκύριος: lexical item rendered here as "Lord"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning within the clauseθεός: lexical item rendered here as "God"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
13
ἔτι ἀπ' ἀρχῆς καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ὁ ἐκ τῶν χειρῶν μου ἐξαιρούμενος ποιήσω καὶ τίς ἀποστρέψει αὐτό
Even from the beginning I am, and there is no one who delivers from my hands; I will act, and who will turn it back?
The Lord closes the trial unit with a claim of irresistible action that none can reverse.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιparticle or adverb shaping the clause’s discourse force or mannerἔτι: particle or adverb rendered here as "still"; it shapes the clause's manner, emphasis, or discourse flow.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complementἀπό: preposition rendered here as "from"; it introduces its complement and marks relation within the clause.
ἀρχῆςbeginningN1 GSF · ἀρχήgenitive dependent within the phraseἀρχή: lexical item rendered here as "beginning"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
οὐκnotD · οὐparticle or adverb shaping the clause’s discourse force or mannerοὐ: particle or adverb rendered here as "not"; it shapes the clause's manner, emphasis, or discourse flow.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered here as "there is"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complementἐκ: preposition rendered here as "from"; it introduces its complement and marks relation within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
χειρῶνhandsN3 GPF · χείρgenitive dependent within the phraseχείρ: lexical item rendered here as "hands"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal dependent marking possession or relationἐγώ: pronoun rendered here as "my"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
ἐξαιρούμενοςdeliverV2 · πμπνσμ αἱρέω + ἐκverbal form carrying or qualifying the action within the clause→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionπμπνσμ αἱρέω + ἐκ: verbal lexeme rendered here as "deliver"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
ποιήσωdo / makeVF FAI1S · ποιέωverbal form projecting the action or state forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardποιέω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "do / make"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςpronominal element functioning within the clause coreτίς: pronoun rendered here as "who / what"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
ἀποστρέψειto returnVF FAI3S · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form projecting the action or state forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeστρέφω + ἀπο: verbal lexeme rendered here as "to return"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
αὐτόitRD ASN · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning as object or goalαὐτός: pronoun rendered here as "it"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
14
οὕτως λέγει κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ λυτρούμενος ὑμᾶς ὁ ἅγιος Ισραηλ ἕνεκεν ὑμῶν ἀποστελῶ εἰς Βαβυλῶνα καὶ ἐπεγερῶ πάντας φεύγοντας καὶ Χαλδαῖοι ἐν πλοίοις δεθήσονται
Thus says the Lord God, the one redeeming you, the Holy One of Israel: For your sake I will send to Babylon and stir up all who flee, and the Chaldeans shall be bound in ships.
Attention turns to Babylon, where redemption for Israel means destabilization and capture for the imperial foe.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςparticle or adverb shaping the clause’s discourse force or mannerοὕτως: particle or adverb rendered here as "thus"; it shapes the clause's manner, emphasis, or discourse flow.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωmain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingλέγω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "say"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning within the clauseκύριος: lexical item rendered here as "Lord"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning within the clauseθεός: lexical item rendered here as "God"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
λυτρούμενοςredeemsV4 · πμπνσμ λυτρόωverbal form carrying or qualifying the action within the clause→ present participle of characteristic actionπμπνσμ λυτρόω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "redeems"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronominal element functioning as object or goalσύ: pronoun rendered here as "you"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
ἅγιοςholyA1A NSM · ἅγιοςnominative element functioning within the clauseἅγιος: lexical item rendered here as "holy"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name functioning within the clause or phraseΙσραηλ: proper name preserved in Greek form and rendered here as "Israel" within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ἕνεκενenekenP · ἕνεκενpreposition governing its complementἕνεκεν: preposition rendered here as "eneken"; it introduces its complement and marks relation within the clause.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal dependent marking possession or relationσύ: pronoun rendered here as "your"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
ἀποστελῶsendVF2 FAI1S · στέλλω + ἀποverbal form projecting the action or state forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardστέλλω + ἀπο: verbal lexeme rendered here as "send"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: preposition rendered here as "into"; it introduces its complement and marks relation within the clause.
ΒαβυλῶναBabylonN3W ASF · Βαβυλώνaccusative element functioning as object or goalΒαβυλών: lexical item rendered here as "Babylon"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
ἐπεγερῶstir upVF2 FAI1S · ἐγείρω + ἐπιverbal form projecting the action or state forward→ future verbal form projecting a coming actionἐγείρω + ἐπι: verbal lexeme rendered here as "stir up"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
πάνταςall / everyA3 APM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goalπᾶς: lexical item rendered here as "all / every"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
φεύγονταςπαπαπμV1 · παπαπμ φεύγωparticiple adding circumstance, description, or attendant action within the clause→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionπαπαπμ φεύγω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "παπαπμ"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
ΧαλδαῖοιChaldeansN2 NPM · Χαλδαῖοςnominative element functioning within the clauseΧαλδαῖος: lexical item rendered here as "Chaldeans"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complementἐν: preposition rendered here as "in"; it introduces its complement and marks relation within the clause.
πλοίοιςshipsN2N DPN · πλοῖονdative element marking reference, means, or locationπλοῖον: lexical item rendered here as "ships"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
δεθήσονταιboundVC FPI3P · δέωmain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardδέω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "bound"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
15
ἐγὼ κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ ἅγιος ὑμῶν ὁ καταδείξας Ισραηλ βασιλέα ὑμῶν
I am the Lord your holy one, the one who has displayed Israel as your king.
The speaker reasserts his identity as Israel’s holy Lord and king-setting God.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause coreἐγώ: pronoun rendered here as "I"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning within the clauseκύριος: lexical item rendered here as "Lord"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning within the clauseθεός: lexical item rendered here as "God"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
ἅγιοςholyA1A NSM · ἅγιοςnominative element functioning within the clauseἅγιος: lexical item rendered here as "holy"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal dependent marking possession or relationσύ: pronoun rendered here as "your"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
καταδείξαςwho invented / showed forthVA · ααπνσμ δεικνύω + καταverbal form carrying or qualifying the action within the clause→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionααπνσμ δεικνύω + κατα: verbal lexeme rendered here as "who invented / showed forth"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name functioning within the clause or phraseΙσραηλ: proper name preserved in Greek form and rendered here as "Israel" within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςaccusative element functioning as object or goalβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered here as "king"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal dependent marking possession or relationσύ: pronoun rendered here as "your"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
16
οὕτως λέγει κύριος ὁ διδοὺς ὁδὸν ἐν θαλάσσῃ καὶ ἐν ὕδατι ἰσχυρῷ τρίβον
Thus says the Lord, the one giving a way in the sea and a path in mighty water,
The sea-crossing God is named so that the coming act can be heard as patterned after the exodus.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςparticle or adverb shaping the clause’s discourse force or mannerοὕτως: particle or adverb rendered here as "thus"; it shapes the clause's manner, emphasis, or discourse flow.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωmain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingλέγω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "say"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning within the clauseκύριος: lexical item rendered here as "Lord"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
διδοὺςgiveV8 · παπνσμ δίδωμιparticiple adding circumstance, description, or attendant action within the clause→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionπαπνσμ δίδωμι: verbal lexeme rendered here as "give"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
ὁδὸνwayN2 ASF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object or goalὁδός: lexical item rendered here as "way"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complementἐν: preposition rendered here as "in"; it introduces its complement and marks relation within the clause.
θαλάσσῃseaN1S DSF · θάλασσαdative element marking reference, means, or locationθάλασσα: lexical item rendered here as "sea"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complementἐν: preposition rendered here as "in"; it introduces its complement and marks relation within the clause.
ὕδατιwaterN3T DSN · ὕδωρdative element marking reference, means, or locationὕδωρ: lexical item rendered here as "water"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ἰσχυρῷἰσχυρόςA1A DSN · ἰσχυρόςdative element marking reference, means, or locationἰσχυρός: lexical item rendered here as "ἰσχυρός"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
τρίβοντρίβοςN2N ASF · τρίβοςaccusative element functioning as object or goalτρίβος: lexical item rendered here as "τρίβος"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
17
ὁ ἐξαγαγὼν ἅρματα καὶ ἵππον καὶ ὄχλον ἰσχυρόν ἀλλὰ ἐκοιμήθησαν καὶ οὐκ ἀναστήσονται ἐσβέσθησαν ὡς λίνον ἐσβεσμένον
the one who brought out chariot and horse and a strong multitude; but they lay down and will not rise; they were extinguished like extinguished flax.
Former enemy power is pictured as permanently extinguished after being brought out for judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
ἐξαγαγὼνααπνσμVB · ααπνσμ ἄγω + ἐκverbal form carrying or qualifying the action within the clause→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionααπνσμ ἄγω + ἐκ: verbal lexeme rendered here as "ααπνσμ"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
ἅρματαchariotN3M APN · ἅρμαaccusative element functioning as object or goalἅρμα: lexical item rendered here as "chariot"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
ἵππονhorseN2 ASM · ἵπποςaccusative element functioning as object or goalἵππος: lexical item rendered here as "horse"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
ὄχλονcrowdN2 ASM · ὄχλοςaccusative element functioning as object or goalὄχλος: lexical item rendered here as "crowd"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ἰσχυρόνἰσχυρόςA1A ASM · ἰσχυρόςaccusative element functioning as object or goalἰσχυρός: lexical item rendered here as "ἰσχυρός"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsἀλλά: connective rendered here as "but"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
ἐκοιμήθησανsleptVCI API3P · κοιμάωmain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingκοιμάω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "slept"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
οὐκnotD · οὐparticle or adverb shaping the clause’s discourse force or mannerοὐ: particle or adverb rendered here as "not"; it shapes the clause's manner, emphasis, or discourse flow.
ἀναστήσονταιwill rise upVF FMI3P · ἵστημι + ἀναmain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardἵστημι + ἀνα: verbal lexeme rendered here as "will rise up"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
ἐσβέσθησανσβέννυμιVCI API3P · σβέννυμιmain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingσβέννυμι: verbal lexeme rendered here as "σβέννυμι"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
ὡςasD · ὡςparticle or adverb shaping the clause’s discourse force or mannerὡς: particle or adverb rendered here as "as"; it shapes the clause's manner, emphasis, or discourse flow.
λίνονflaxN2N ASN · λίνονaccusative element functioning as object or goalλίνον: lexical item rendered here as "flax"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ἐσβεσμένονVMIVMI XMPASNSBE/NNUMImain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ middle verbal form highlighting the subject’s participation in the actionVMI XMPASNSBE/NNUMI: verbal lexeme rendered here as "VMI"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
18
μὴ μνημονεύετε τὰ πρῶτα καὶ τὰ ἀρχαῖα μὴ συλλογίζεσθε
Do not remember the former things, and do not ponder the ancient things.
The audience is told not to be trapped in memory, because the prophetic horizon is moving forward.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
μὴnotD · μήparticle or adverb shaping the clause’s discourse force or mannerμή: particle or adverb rendered here as "not"; it shapes the clause's manner, emphasis, or discourse flow.
μνημονεύετεrememberV1 PAD2P · μνημονεύωmain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingμνημονεύω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "remember"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
πρῶταfirstA1 APN · πρῶτοςaccusative element functioning as object or goalπρῶτος: lexical item rendered here as "first"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
ἀρχαῖαἀρχαῖοςA1A APN · ἀρχαῖοςaccusative element functioning as object or goalἀρχαῖος: lexical item rendered here as "ἀρχαῖος"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
μὴnotD · μήparticle or adverb shaping the clause’s discourse force or mannerμή: particle or adverb rendered here as "not"; it shapes the clause's manner, emphasis, or discourse flow.
συλλογίζεσθελογίζομαιV1 PMD2P · λογίζομαι + συνverbal form expressing command, request, or exhortation→ middle verbal form highlighting the subject’s participation in the actionλογίζομαι + συν: verbal lexeme rendered here as "λογίζομαι"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
19
ἰδοὺ ποιῶ καινὰ ἃ νῦν ἀνατελεῖ καὶ γνώσεσθε αὐτά καὶ ποιήσω ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ ὁδὸν καὶ ἐν τῇ ἀνύδρῳ ποταμούς
Behold, I am doing new things that now shall spring up, and you will know them; and I will make a road in the wilderness and rivers in the dry land.
The Lord announces a fresh creative deliverance that transforms desert and drought into passage and provision.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούindeclinable or particle-like element functioning within the clauseἰδού: lexical item rendered here as "behold"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ποιῶdoV2 PAI1S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingποιέω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "do"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
καινὰnewA1 APN · καινόςaccusative element functioning as object or goalκαινός: lexical item rendered here as "new"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ἃwhichRR APN · ὅςpronominal element functioning as object or goalὅς: pronoun rendered here as "which"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb shaping the clause’s discourse force or mannerνῦν: particle or adverb rendered here as "now"; it shapes the clause's manner, emphasis, or discourse flow.
ἀνατελεῖἀναVF2 FAI3S · τέλλω + ἀναverbal form projecting the action or state forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardτέλλω + ἀνα: verbal lexeme rendered here as "ἀνα"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
γνώσεσθεyou shall knowVF FMI2P · γιγνώσκωmain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardγιγνώσκω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "you shall know"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
αὐτάthemRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning as object or goalαὐτός: pronoun rendered here as "them"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
ποιήσωdo / makeVF FAI1S · ποιέωverbal form projecting the action or state forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardποιέω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "do / make"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complementἐν: preposition rendered here as "in"; it introduces its complement and marks relation within the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
ἐρήμῳwildernessN2 DSF · ἔρημοςdative element marking reference, means, or locationἔρημος: lexical item rendered here as "wilderness"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ὁδὸνwayN2 ASF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object or goalὁδός: lexical item rendered here as "way"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complementἐν: preposition rendered here as "in"; it introduces its complement and marks relation within the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
ἀνύδρῳἄνυδροςA1B DSF · ἄνυδροςdative element marking reference, means, or locationἄνυδρος: lexical item rendered here as "ἄνυδρος"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ποταμούςriverN2 APM · ποταμόςaccusative element functioning as object or goalποταμός: lexical item rendered here as "river"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
20
εὐλογήσει με τὰ θηρία τοῦ ἀγροῦ σειρῆνες καὶ θυγατέρες στρουθῶν ὅτι ἔδωκα ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ ὕδωρ καὶ ποταμοὺς ἐν τῇ ἀνύδρῳ ποτίσαι τὸ γένος μου τὸ ἐκλεκτόν
The beasts of the field will bless me, sirens and daughters of sparrows, because I gave water in the wilderness and rivers in the dry land to give drink to my chosen race,
Even wild creation responds in praise because the wilderness has become a place of life for the chosen people.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
εὐλογήσειwill blessVF FAI3S · εὐλογέωverbal form projecting the action or state forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardεὐλογέω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "will bless"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning as object or goalἐγώ: pronoun rendered here as "me"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
θηρίαwild beastsN2N NPN · θηρίονnominative element functioning within the clauseθηρίον: lexical item rendered here as "wild beasts"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
ἀγροῦfieldN2 GSM · ἀγρόςgenitive dependent within the phraseἀγρός: lexical item rendered here as "field"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
σειρῆνεςσειρήνN3 NPF · σειρήνnominative element functioning within the clauseσειρήν: lexical item rendered here as "σειρήν"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
θυγατέρεςdaughtersN3 NPF · θυγάτηρnominative element functioning within the clauseθυγάτηρ: lexical item rendered here as "daughters"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
στρουθῶνsparrowN2 GPM · στρουθόςgenitive dependent within the phraseστρουθός: lexical item rendered here as "sparrow"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsὅτι: connective rendered here as "that"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
ἔδωκαgiveVAI AAI1S · δίδωμιverbal form presenting the action as a whole within the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeδίδωμι: verbal lexeme rendered here as "give"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complementἐν: preposition rendered here as "in"; it introduces its complement and marks relation within the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
ἐρήμῳwildernessN2 DSF · ἔρημοςdative element marking reference, means, or locationἔρημος: lexical item rendered here as "wilderness"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ὕδωρwaterN3 ASN · ὕδωρaccusative element functioning as object or goalὕδωρ: lexical item rendered here as "water"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
ποταμοὺςriversN2 APM · ποταμόςaccusative element functioning as object or goalποταμός: lexical item rendered here as "rivers"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complementἐν: preposition rendered here as "in"; it introduces its complement and marks relation within the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
ἀνύδρῳἄνυδροςA1B DSF · ἄνυδροςdative element marking reference, means, or locationἄνυδρος: lexical item rendered here as "ἄνυδρος"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ποτίσαιto give drinkVA AAN · ποτίζωverbal form functioning in a dependent or non-finite role within the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeποτίζω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "to give drink"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
γένοςraceN3E ASN · γένοςaccusative element functioning as object or goalγένος: lexical item rendered here as "race"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal dependent marking possession or relationἐγώ: pronoun rendered here as "my"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
ἐκλεκτόνἐκλεκτόςA1 ASN · ἐκλεκτόςaccusative element functioning as object or goalἐκλεκτός: lexical item rendered here as "ἐκλεκτός"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
21
λαόν μου ὃν περιεποιησάμην τὰς ἀρετάς μου διηγεῖσθαι
my people whom I acquired to recount my mighty deeds.
The restoration terminates in doxology: the acquired people are meant to narrate the Lord’s excellencies.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
λαόνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative element functioning as object or goalλαός: lexical item rendered here as "people"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal dependent marking possession or relationἐγώ: pronoun rendered here as "my"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
ὃνwhomRR ASM · ὅςpronominal element functioning as object or goalὅς: pronoun rendered here as "whom"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
περιεποιησάμηνmake / doVAI AMI1S · ποιέω + περιverbal form presenting the action as a whole within the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeποιέω + περι: verbal lexeme rendered here as "make / do"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
ἀρετάςpraise / excellenceN1 APF · ἀρετήaccusative element functioning as object or goalἀρετή: lexical item rendered here as "praise / excellence"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal dependent marking possession or relationἐγώ: pronoun rendered here as "my"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
διηγεῖσθαιἡγέομαιV2 PMN · ἡγέομαι + διαmain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ middle verbal form highlighting the subject’s participation in the actionἡγέομαι + δια: verbal lexeme rendered here as "ἡγέομαι"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
22
οὐ νῦν ἐκάλεσά σε Ιακωβ οὐδὲ κοπιᾶσαί σε ἐποίησα Ισραηλ
But now I did not call you, Jacob, nor did I make you labor for me, Israel.
The tone hardens as the Lord exposes Jacob’s failure to call on him faithfully.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
οὐnotD · οὐparticle or adverb shaping the clause’s discourse force or mannerοὐ: particle or adverb rendered here as "not"; it shapes the clause's manner, emphasis, or discourse flow.
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb shaping the clause’s discourse force or mannerνῦν: particle or adverb rendered here as "now"; it shapes the clause's manner, emphasis, or discourse flow.
ἐκάλεσάcalledVAI AAI1S · καλέωverbal form presenting the action as a whole within the clause→ verbal form carrying the clause's action forwardκαλέω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "called"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal element functioning as object or goalσύ: pronoun rendered here as "you"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
ΙακωβJacobN VSM · Ἰακώβproper name functioning within the clause or phraseΙακωβ: proper name preserved in Greek form and rendered here as "Jacob" within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsοὐδέ: connective rendered here as "nor"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
κοπιᾶσαίκοπιάωVA AAN · κοπιάωverbal form functioning in a dependent or non-finite role within the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeκοπιάω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "κοπιάω"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal element functioning as object or goalσύ: pronoun rendered here as "you"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
ἐποίησαdo / makeVAI AAI1S · ποιέωverbal form presenting the action as a whole within the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeποιέω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "do / make"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
ΙσραηλIsraelN VSM · Ἰσραήλproper name functioning within the clause or phraseΙσραηλ: proper name preserved in Greek form and rendered here as "Israel" within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
23
οὐκ ἐμοὶ πρόβατα τῆς ὁλοκαρπώσεώς σου οὐδὲ ἐν ταῖς θυσίαις σου ἐδόξασάς με οὐδὲ ἔγκοπον ἐποίησά σε ἐν λιβάνῳ
You did not bring me the sheep of your whole burnt offerings, nor did you glorify me in your sacrifices, nor did I burden you concerning frankincense.
The people have not honored the Lord with wholehearted sacrificial devotion.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
οὐκnotD · οὐparticle or adverb shaping the clause’s discourse force or mannerοὐ: particle or adverb rendered here as "not"; it shapes the clause's manner, emphasis, or discourse flow.
ἐμοὶmeRP DS · ἐγώpronominal element marking reference, means, or recipientἐγώ: pronoun rendered here as "me"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
πρόβαταsheepN2N APN · πρόβατονaccusative element functioning as object or goalπρόβατον: lexical item rendered here as "sheep"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
ὁλοκαρπώσεώςὁλοκάρπωσιςN3I GSF · ὁλοκάρπωσιςgenitive dependent within the phraseὁλοκάρπωσις: lexical item rendered here as "ὁλοκάρπωσις"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal dependent marking possession or relationσύ: pronoun rendered here as "you"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsοὐδέ: connective rendered here as "nor"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complementἐν: preposition rendered here as "in"; it introduces its complement and marks relation within the clause.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
θυσίαιςθυσίαN1A DPF · θυσίαdative element marking reference, means, or locationθυσία: lexical item rendered here as "θυσία"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal dependent marking possession or relationσύ: pronoun rendered here as "you"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
ἐδόξασάςδοξάζωVAI AAI2S · δοξάζωverbal form presenting the action as a whole within the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeδοξάζω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "δοξάζω"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning as object or goalἐγώ: pronoun rendered here as "me"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsοὐδέ: connective rendered here as "nor"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
ἔγκοπονἔγκοποςA1B ASM · ἔγκοποςaccusative element functioning as object or goalἔγκοπος: lexical item rendered here as "ἔγκοπος"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ἐποίησάdo / makeVAI AAI1S · ποιέωverbal form presenting the action as a whole within the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeποιέω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "do / make"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal element functioning as object or goalσύ: pronoun rendered here as "you"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complementἐν: preposition rendered here as "in"; it introduces its complement and marks relation within the clause.
λιβάνῳλίβανοςN2 DSM · λίβανοςdative element marking reference, means, or locationλίβανος: lexical item rendered here as "λίβανος"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
24
οὐδὲ ἐκτήσω μοι ἀργυρίου θυμίαμα οὐδὲ τὸ στέαρ τῶν θυσιῶν σου ἐπεθύμησα ἀλλὰ ἐν ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις σου καὶ ἐν ταῖς ἀδικίαις σου προέστην σου
Neither did you buy me incense with silver, nor did I desire the fat of your sacrifices; rather, in your sins and in your injustices I stood before you.
Instead of worship, sins and injustices have become the burden set before God.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsοὐδέ: connective rendered here as "nor"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
ἐκτήσωκτάομαιVAI AMI2S · κτάομαιverbal form presenting the action as a whole within the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeκτάομαι: verbal lexeme rendered here as "κτάομαι"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal element marking reference, means, or recipientἐγώ: pronoun rendered here as "to me"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
ἀργυρίουsilverN2N GSN · ἀργύριονgenitive dependent within the phraseἀργύριον: lexical item rendered here as "silver"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
θυμίαμαincenseN3M ASN · θυμίαμαaccusative element functioning as object or goalθυμίαμα: lexical item rendered here as "incense"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsοὐδέ: connective rendered here as "nor"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
στέαρfatN3 ASN · στέαρaccusative element functioning as object or goalστέαρ: lexical item rendered here as "fat"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
θυσιῶνsacrificesN1A GPF · θυσίαgenitive dependent within the phraseθυσία: lexical item rendered here as "sacrifices"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal dependent marking possession or relationσύ: pronoun rendered here as "you"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
ἐπεθύμησαθυμέωVAI AAI1S · θυμέω + ἐπιverbal form presenting the action as a whole within the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeθυμέω + ἐπι: verbal lexeme rendered here as "θυμέω"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsἀλλά: connective rendered here as "but"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complementἐν: preposition rendered here as "in"; it introduces its complement and marks relation within the clause.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
ἁμαρτίαιςsinN1A DPF · ἁμαρτίαdative element marking reference, means, or locationἁμαρτία: lexical item rendered here as "sin"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal dependent marking possession or relationσύ: pronoun rendered here as "you"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complementἐν: preposition rendered here as "in"; it introduces its complement and marks relation within the clause.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
ἀδικίαιςin injusticesN1A DPF · ἀδικίαdative element marking reference, means, or locationἀδικία: lexical item rendered here as "in injustices"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal dependent marking possession or relationσύ: pronoun rendered here as "you"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
προέστηνἵστημιVHI AAI1S · ἵστημι + προverbal form presenting the action as a whole within the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeἵστημι + προ: verbal lexeme rendered here as "ἵστημι"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal dependent marking possession or relationσύ: pronoun rendered here as "you"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
25
ἐγώ εἰμι ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ἐξαλείφων τὰς ἀνομίας σου καὶ οὐ μὴ μνησθήσομαι
I am, I am the one blotting out your lawless deeds, and I shall certainly not remember them.
Grace interrupts the accusation: the Lord himself blots out sins on the basis of his own sovereign identity.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἐγώIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause coreἐγώ: pronoun rendered here as "I"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
εἰμιamV9 PAI1S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered here as "am"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
ἐγώIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause coreἐγώ: pronoun rendered here as "I"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
εἰμιamV9 PAI1S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered here as "am"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
ἐξαλείφωνπαπνσμV1 · παπνσμ ἀλείφω + ἐκparticiple adding circumstance, description, or attendant action within the clause→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionπαπνσμ ἀλείφω + ἐκ: verbal lexeme rendered here as "παπνσμ"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
ἀνομίαςlawlessnessN1A APF · ἀνομίαaccusative element functioning as object or goalἀνομία: lexical item rendered here as "lawlessness"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal dependent marking possession or relationσύ: pronoun rendered here as "you"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
οὐnotD · οὐparticle or adverb shaping the clause’s discourse force or mannerοὐ: particle or adverb rendered here as "not"; it shapes the clause's manner, emphasis, or discourse flow.
μὴnotD · μήparticle or adverb shaping the clause’s discourse force or mannerμή: particle or adverb rendered here as "not"; it shapes the clause's manner, emphasis, or discourse flow.
μνησθήσομαιμιμνήσκωVS FPI1S · μιμνήσκωmain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardμιμνήσκω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "μιμνήσκω"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
26
σὺ δὲ μνήσθητι καὶ κριθῶμεν λέγε σὺ τὰς ἀνομίας σου πρῶτος ἵνα δικαιωθῇς
But you, remember, and let us be judged together; speak of your lawless deeds first, so that you may be justified.
Israel is invited into litigation, challenged to speak if it can establish its own righteousness.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal element functioning within the clause coreσύ: pronoun rendered here as "you"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
δὲbutX · δέconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsδέ: connective rendered here as "but"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
μνήσθητιrememberVS APD2S · μιμνήσκωmain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingμιμνήσκω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "remember"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
κριθῶμενκρίνωVC APS1P · κρίνωmain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingκρίνω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "κρίνω"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
λέγεsayV1 PAD2S · λέγωmain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingλέγω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "say"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal element functioning within the clause coreσύ: pronoun rendered here as "you"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
ἀνομίαςlawlessnessN1A APF · ἀνομίαaccusative element functioning as object or goalἀνομία: lexical item rendered here as "lawlessness"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal dependent marking possession or relationσύ: pronoun rendered here as "you"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
πρῶτοςfirstA1 B · πρῶτοςnominal or adjectival element functioning within the clauseπρῶτος: lexical item rendered here as "first"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsἵνα: connective rendered here as "so that"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
δικαιωθῇςδικαιόωVC APS2S · δικαιόωmain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingδικαιόω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "δικαιόω"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
27
οἱ πατέρες ὑμῶν πρῶτοι καὶ οἱ ἄρχοντες αὐτῶν ἠνόμησαν εἰς ἐμέ
Your fathers first, and their rulers, sinned lawlessly against me.
Ancestral and leadership guilt is named as longstanding rebellion against God.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
πατέρεςfathersN3 NPM · πατήρnominative element functioning within the clauseπατήρ: lexical item rendered here as "fathers"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal dependent marking possession or relationσύ: pronoun rendered here as "your"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
πρῶτοιfirstA1 B · πρῶτοςnominal or adjectival element functioning within the clauseπρῶτος: lexical item rendered here as "first"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
ἄρχοντεςrulersN3 NPM · ἄρχωνnominative element functioning within the clauseἄρχων: lexical item rendered here as "rulers"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal dependent marking possession or relationαὐτός: pronoun rendered here as "their"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
ἠνόμησανact lawlesslyVAI AAI3P · ἀνομέωmain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeἀνομέω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "act lawlessly"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: preposition rendered here as "into"; it introduces its complement and marks relation within the clause.
ἐμέegoRP AS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning as object or goalἐγώ: pronoun rendered here as "ego"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
28
καὶ ἐμίαναν οἱ ἄρχοντες τὰ ἅγιά μου καὶ ἔδωκα ἀπολέσαι Ιακωβ καὶ Ισραηλ εἰς ὀνειδισμόν
And the rulers defiled my holy things, and I gave Jacob over to destruction and Israel to reproach.
The chapter concludes by explaining covenant disgrace as the consequence of profaning the holy things.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
ἐμίανανthey had defiledVAI AAI3P · μιαίνωmain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeμιαίνω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "they had defiled"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
ἄρχοντεςrulersN3 NPM · ἄρχωνnominative element functioning within the clauseἄρχων: lexical item rendered here as "rulers"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
ἅγιάholyA1A APN · ἅγιοςaccusative element functioning as object or goalἅγιος: lexical item rendered here as "holy"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal dependent marking possession or relationἐγώ: pronoun rendered here as "my"; it marks person, possession, or reference within Isaiah's discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
ἔδωκαgiveVAI AAI1S · δίδωμιverbal form presenting the action as a whole within the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeδίδωμι: verbal lexeme rendered here as "give"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
ἀπολέσαιdestroyVA AAN · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form functioning in a dependent or non-finite role within the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeὀλλύω + ἀπο: verbal lexeme rendered here as "destroy"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Isaiah's oracle forward.
ΙακωβJacobN ASM · Ἰακώβproper name functioning within the clause or phraseΙακωβ: proper name preserved in Greek form and rendered here as "Jacob" within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking clauses, phrases, or discourse stepsκαί: connective rendered here as "and"; it links clauses, phrases, or discourse movements within Isaiah's oracle.
ΙσραηλIsraelN ASM · Ἰσραήλproper name functioning within the clause or phraseΙσραηλ: proper name preserved in Greek form and rendered here as "Israel" within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: preposition rendered here as "into"; it introduces its complement and marks relation within the clause.
ὀνειδισμόνreproachN2 ASM · ὀνειδισμόςaccusative element functioning as object or goalὀνειδισμός: lexical item rendered here as "reproach"; in this context it contributes its ordinary sense within Isaiah's prophetic discourse.