1
ἀκούσατέ μου οἱ διώκοντες τὸ δίκαιον καὶ ζητοῦντες τὸν κύριον ἐμβλέψατε εἰς τὴν στερεὰν πέτραν ἣν ἐλατομήσατε καὶ εἰς τὸν βόθυνον τοῦ λάκκου ὃν ὠρύξατε
Hear me, you who pursue righteousness and seek the Lord; look to the solid rock that you quarried, and to the pit of the well that you dug.
The chapter opens with an appeal to the righteous remnant, grounding consolation in remembered origins.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
ἀκούσατέheardVA AAD2P · ἀκούωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateἀκούω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
μουmy / of meRP GS · ἐγώgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionἐγώ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “my / of me” within the chapter's prophetic context.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
διώκοντεςpursuersV1 · παπνπμ διώκωparticiple functioning adjectivally, adverbially, or substantivally within the clauseδιώκω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
δίκαιονrighteousA1A ASM · δίκαιοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementδίκαιος: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “righteous” within the chapter's prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
ζητοῦντεςseekingV2 · παπνπμ ζητέωparticiple functioning adjectivally, adverbially, or substantivally within the clauseζητέω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementκύριος: central divine title in the chapter's prophetic discourse, marked here by the local clause context.
ἐμβλέψατεlook uponVA AAD2P · βλέπω + ἐνfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateβλέπω + ἐν: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
εἰςinto / toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement and marking relationεἰς: preposition marking spatial, temporal, causal, or relational nuance with its complement.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
στερεὰνsolid / firmA1A ASF · στερεόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementστερεός: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “solid / firm” within the chapter's prophetic context.
πέτρανrockN1A ASF · πέτραaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementπέτρα: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “rock” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἣνwho / whomRR ASF · ὅςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὅς: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “who / whom” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἐλατομήσατεcut stoneVAI AAI2P · λατομέωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateλατομέω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
εἰςinto / toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement and marking relationεἰς: preposition marking spatial, temporal, causal, or relational nuance with its complement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
βόθυνονpitN2 ASM · βόθυνοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementβόθυνος: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “pit” within the chapter's prophetic context.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “of the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
λάκκουcisternN2 GSM · λάκκοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionλάκκος: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “cistern” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ὃνwhichRR ASM · ὅςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὅς: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “which” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ὠρύξατεdugVAI AAI2P · ὀρύσσωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateὀρύσσω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
2
ἐμβλέψατε εἰς Αβρααμ τὸν πατέρα ὑμῶν καὶ εἰς Σαρραν τὴν ὠδίνουσαν ὑμᾶς ὅτι εἷς ἦν καὶ ἐκάλεσα αὐτὸν καὶ εὐλόγησα αὐτὸν καὶ ἠγάπησα αὐτὸν καὶ ἐπλήθυνα αὐτόν
Look to Abraham your father and to Sarah who bore you in labor; for he was one, and I called him and blessed him and loved him and multiplied him.
The summons to look back is specified through Abraham and Sarah as the paradigmatic source of multiplication.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
ἐμβλέψατεlook uponVA AAD2P · βλέπω + ἐνfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateβλέπω + ἐν: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
εἰςinto / toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement and marking relationεἰς: preposition marking spatial, temporal, causal, or relational nuance with its complement.
ΑβρααμAbrahamN ASM · Ἀβραάμindeclinable element functioning within the clause or discourse flowAbraham: proper name retained in transliteration within this prophetic oracle.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
πατέραfatherN3 ASM · πατήρaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementπατήρ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “father” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ὑμῶνyour / of youRP GP · σύgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionσύ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “your / of you” within the chapter's prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
εἰςinto / toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement and marking relationεἰς: preposition marking spatial, temporal, causal, or relational nuance with its complement.
ΣαρρανSarahN ASF · Σαρραindeclinable element functioning within the clause or discourse flowSarah: proper name retained in transliteration within this prophetic oracle.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ὠδίνουσανwritheVA · ααπασφ ὠδίνωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateὠδίνω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementσύ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “you” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ὅτιbecause / thatC · ὅτιconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsὅτι: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
εἷςoneM NSM · εἷςindeclinable element functioning within the clause or discourse flowεἷς: indeclinable form contributing to the clause's discourse or relational structure.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateεἰμί: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
ἐκάλεσαyou have invited / calledVAI AAI1S · καλέωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateκαλέω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementαὐτός: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “him” within the chapter's prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
εὐλόγησαI blessedVA AAI1S · εὐλογέωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateεὐλογέω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementαὐτός: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “him” within the chapter's prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
ἠγάπησαlovedVAI AAI1S · ἀγαπάωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateἀγαπάω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementαὐτός: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “him” within the chapter's prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
ἐπλήθυναI multipliedVAI AAI1S · πληθύνωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateπληθύνω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementαὐτός: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “him” within the chapter's prophetic context.
3
καὶ σὲ νῦν παρακαλέσω Σιων καὶ παρεκάλεσα πάντα τὰ ἔρημα αὐτῆς καὶ θήσω τὰ ἔρημα αὐτῆς ὡς παράδεισον κυρίου εὐφροσύνην καὶ ἀγαλλίαμα εὑρήσουσιν ἐν αὐτῇ ἐξομολόγησιν καὶ φωνὴν αἰνέσεως
And now I will comfort Zion; I have comforted all her desolate places, and I will make her desert like the paradise of the Lord; joy and gladness shall be found in her, thanksgiving and the sound of praise.
From patriarchal memory the oracle moves into promised restoration, describing the transformed state of Zion.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
σὲyouRP AS · σύaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementσύ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “you” within the chapter's prophetic context.
νῦνnowD · νῦνadverbial modifier shaping manner, time, degree, or emphasisνῦν: adverbial or discourse form shaping emphasis, manner, time, or rhetorical movement.
παρακαλέσωcomfortVF FAI1S · καλέω + παραfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or state→ predictionκαλέω + παρα: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
ΣιωνZionN ASF · Σιωνindeclinable element functioning within the clause or discourse flowZion: proper name retained in transliteration within this prophetic oracle.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
παρεκάλεσαcomfortVAI AAI1S · καλέω + παραfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateκαλέω + παρα: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementπᾶς: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “all” within the chapter's prophetic context.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἔρημαἔρημοςA1B APN · ἔρημοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementἔρημος: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “ἔρημος” within the chapter's prophetic context.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionαὐτός: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “its” within the chapter's prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
θήσωI will set / placeVF FAI1S · τίθημιfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateτίθημι: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἔρημαἔρημοςA1B APN · ἔρημοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementἔρημος: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “ἔρημος” within the chapter's prophetic context.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionαὐτός: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “its” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ὡςas / likeD · ὡςadverbial modifier shaping manner, time, degree, or emphasisὡς: adverbial or discourse form shaping emphasis, manner, time, or rhetorical movement.
παράδεισονparadise / gardenN2 ASM · παράδεισοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementπαράδεισος: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “paradise / garden” within the chapter's prophetic context.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionκύριος: central divine title in the chapter's prophetic discourse, marked here by the local clause context.
εὐφροσύνηνgladnessN1 ASF · εὐφροσύνηaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementεὐφροσύνη: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “gladness” within the chapter's prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
ἀγαλλίαμαrejoicingN3M ASN · ἀγαλλίαμαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementἀγαλλίαμα: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “rejoicing” within the chapter's prophetic context.
εὑρήσουσινwill findVF FAI3P · εὑρίσκωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateεὑρίσκω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement and marking relationἐν: preposition marking spatial, temporal, causal, or relational nuance with its complement.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςdative substantive expressing relation, means, location, or indirect objectαὐτός: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “it” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἐξομολόγησινthanksgivingN3I ASF · ἐξομολόγησιςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementἐξομολόγησις: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “thanksgiving” within the chapter's prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
φωνὴνvoiceN1 ASF · φωνήaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementφωνή: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “voice” within the chapter's prophetic context.
αἰνέσεωςpraiseN3I GSF · αἴνεσιςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionαἴνεσις: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “praise” within the chapter's prophetic context.
4
ἀκούσατέ μου ἀκούσατε λαός μου καὶ οἱ βασιλεῖς πρός με ἐνωτίσασθε ὅτι νόμος παρ' ἐμοῦ ἐξελεύσεται καὶ ἡ κρίσις μου εἰς φῶς ἐθνῶν
Hear me, hear, my people, and you kings, give ear to me; for a law shall go out from me, and my judgment shall be for a light of nations.
A renewed summons to hear introduces the universal scope of the Lord's instruction and judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
ἀκούσατέheardVA AAD2P · ἀκούωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateἀκούω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
μουmy / of meRP GS · ἐγώgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionἐγώ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “my / of me” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἀκούσατεhearVA AAD2P · ἀκούωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateἀκούω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
λαόςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionλαός: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “people” within the chapter's prophetic context.
μουmy / of meRP GS · ἐγώgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionἐγώ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “my / of me” within the chapter's prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
βασιλεῖςkingN3V NPM · βασιλεύςnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionβασιλεύς: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “king” within the chapter's prophetic context.
πρόςtoward / toP · πρόςpreposition introducing its complement and marking relationπρός: preposition marking spatial, temporal, causal, or relational nuance with its complement.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementἐγώ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “me” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἐνωτίσασθεgive earVA AMD2P · ἐνωτίζομαιfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateἐνωτίζομαι: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
ὅτιbecause / thatC · ὅτιconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsὅτι: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
νόμοςlawN2 NSM · νόμοςnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionνόμος: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “law” within the chapter's prophetic context.
παρ'withP · παράpreposition introducing its complement and marking relationπαρά: preposition marking spatial, temporal, causal, or relational nuance with its complement.
ἐμοῦIRP GS · ἐγώgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionἐγώ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “I” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἐξελεύσεταιshall come forthVF FMI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateἔρχομαι + ἐκ: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
κρίσιςjudgmentN3I NSF · κρίσιςnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionκρίσις: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “judgment” within the chapter's prophetic context.
μουmy / of meRP GS · ἐγώgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionἐγώ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “my / of me” within the chapter's prophetic context.
εἰςinto / toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement and marking relationεἰς: preposition marking spatial, temporal, causal, or relational nuance with its complement.
φῶςlightN3T ASN · φῶςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementφῶς: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “light” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἐθνῶνnationN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionἔθνος: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “nation” within the chapter's prophetic context.
5
ἐγγίζει ταχὺ ἡ δικαιοσύνη μου καὶ ἐξελεύσεται ὡς φῶς τὸ σωτήριόν μου καὶ εἰς τὸν βραχίονά μου ἔθνη ἐλπιοῦσιν ἐμὲ νῆσοι ὑπομενοῦσιν καὶ εἰς τὸν βραχίονά μου ἐλπιοῦσιν
My righteousness draws near swiftly, and my salvation shall go forth like light; nations shall hope in my arm, the islands shall wait for me, and they shall hope in my arm.
The coming of righteousness is expanded into salvation for the nations, with island peoples waiting on the divine arm.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
ἐγγίζειdraws nearV1 PAI3S · ἐγγίζωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateἐγγίζω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
ταχὺswiftA3U B · ταχύςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseταχύς: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “swift” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
δικαιοσύνηdikaiosyneN1 NSF · δικαιοσύνηnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionδικαιοσύνη: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “dikaiosyne” within the chapter's prophetic context.
μουmy / of meRP GS · ἐγώgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionἐγώ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “my / of me” within the chapter's prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
ἐξελεύσεταιshall come forthVF FMI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateἔρχομαι + ἐκ: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
ὡςas / likeD · ὡςadverbial modifier shaping manner, time, degree, or emphasisὡς: adverbial or discourse form shaping emphasis, manner, time, or rhetorical movement.
φῶςlightN3T ASN · φῶςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementφῶς: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “light” within the chapter's prophetic context.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
σωτήριόνpeace offeringN2N NSN · σωτήριονnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionσωτήριον: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “peace offering” within the chapter's prophetic context.
μουmy / of meRP GS · ἐγώgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionἐγώ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “my / of me” within the chapter's prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
εἰςinto / toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement and marking relationεἰς: preposition marking spatial, temporal, causal, or relational nuance with its complement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
βραχίονάβραχίωνN3N ASM · βραχίωνaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementβραχίων: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “βραχίων” within the chapter's prophetic context.
μουmy / of meRP GS · ἐγώgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionἐγώ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “my / of me” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἔθνηnationsN3E NPN · ἔθνοςnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionἔθνος: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “nations” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἐλπιοῦσινhopeVF2 FAI3P · ἐλπίζωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateἐλπίζω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
ἐμὲmeRP AS · ἐγώaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementἐγώ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “me” within the chapter's prophetic context.
νῆσοιislandsN2 NPF · νήσοςnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionνήσος: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “islands” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ὑπομενοῦσινunderVF2 FAI3P · μένω + ὑποfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateμένω + ὑπο: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
εἰςinto / toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement and marking relationεἰς: preposition marking spatial, temporal, causal, or relational nuance with its complement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
βραχίονάβραχίωνN3N ASM · βραχίωνaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementβραχίων: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “βραχίων” within the chapter's prophetic context.
μουmy / of meRP GS · ἐγώgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionἐγώ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “my / of me” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἐλπιοῦσινhopeVF2 FAI3P · ἐλπίζωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateἐλπίζω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
6
ἄρατε εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς ὑμῶν καὶ ἐμβλέψατε εἰς τὴν γῆν κάτω ὅτι ὁ οὐρανὸς ὡς καπνὸς ἐστερεώθη ἡ δὲ γῆ ὡς ἱμάτιον παλαιωθήσεται οἱ δὲ κατοικοῦντες τὴν γῆν ὥσπερ ταῦτα ἀποθανοῦνται τὸ δὲ σωτήριόν μου εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα ἔσται ἡ δὲ δικαιοσύνη μου οὐ μὴ ἐκλίπῃ
Lift up your eyes to heaven and look at the earth below, for the heaven was made firm like smoke and the earth will grow old like a garment; those who inhabit the earth will die like these things, but my salvation shall be forever and my righteousness shall never fail.
The fading of heaven, earth, and mortals is contrasted with the permanence of divine salvation and righteousness.
Word-by-word analysis· 48 words
ἄρατεcarry off / take upVA AAD2P · αἴρωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or state→ ingressive aorist imperative (lift and carry away)αἴρω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
εἰςinto / toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement and marking relationεἰς: preposition marking spatial, temporal, causal, or relational nuance with its complement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
οὐρανὸνheavenN2 ASM · οὐρανόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementοὐρανός: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “heaven” within the chapter's prophetic context.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ὀφθαλμοὺςeyesN2 APM · ὀφθαλμόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὀφθαλμός: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “eyes” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ὑμῶνyour / of youRP GP · σύgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionσύ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “your / of you” within the chapter's prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
ἐμβλέψατεlook uponVA AAD2P · βλέπω + ἐνfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateβλέπω + ἐν: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
εἰςinto / toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement and marking relationεἰς: preposition marking spatial, temporal, causal, or relational nuance with its complement.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementγῆ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “land” within the chapter's prophetic context.
κάτωlowerD · κάτωadverbial modifier shaping manner, time, degree, or emphasisκάτω: adverbial or discourse form shaping emphasis, manner, time, or rhetorical movement.
ὅτιbecause / thatC · ὅτιconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsὅτι: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
οὐρανὸςheavenN2 NSM · οὐρανόςnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionοὐρανός: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “heaven” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ὡςas / likeD · ὡςadverbial modifier shaping manner, time, degree, or emphasisὡς: adverbial or discourse form shaping emphasis, manner, time, or rhetorical movement.
καπνὸςsmokeN2 NSM · καπνόςnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionκαπνός: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “smoke” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἐστερεώθηwas made firm / is strengthenedVCI API3S · στερεόωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateστερεόω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
δὲbut / andX · δέindeclinable element functioning within the clause or discourse flowδέ: indeclinable form contributing to the clause's discourse or relational structure.
γῆlandN1 NSF · γῆnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionγῆ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “land” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ὡςas / likeD · ὡςadverbial modifier shaping manner, time, degree, or emphasisὡς: adverbial or discourse form shaping emphasis, manner, time, or rhetorical movement.
ἱμάτιονgarment / cloakN2N ASN · ἱμάτιονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementἱμάτιον: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “garment / cloak” within the chapter's prophetic context.
παλαιωθήσεταιpalaiooVC FPI3S · παλαιόωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateπαλαιόω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
δὲbut / andX · δέindeclinable element functioning within the clause or discourse flowδέ: indeclinable form contributing to the clause's discourse or relational structure.
κατοικοῦντεςdwellingV2 · παπνπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple functioning adjectivally, adverbially, or substantivally within the clauseπαπνπμ οἰκέω + κατα: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementγῆ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “land” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial modifier shaping manner, time, degree, or emphasisὥσπερ: adverbial or discourse form shaping emphasis, manner, time, or rhetorical movement.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementοὗτος: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “these things” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἀποθανοῦνταιhe diedVF2 FMI3P · θνήσκω + ἀποfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateθνήσκω + ἀπο: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
δὲbut / andX · δέindeclinable element functioning within the clause or discourse flowδέ: indeclinable form contributing to the clause's discourse or relational structure.
σωτήριόνpeace offeringN2N NSN · σωτήριονnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionσωτήριον: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “peace offering” within the chapter's prophetic context.
μουmy / of meRP GS · ἐγώgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionἐγώ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “my / of me” within the chapter's prophetic context.
εἰςinto / toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement and marking relationεἰς: preposition marking spatial, temporal, causal, or relational nuance with its complement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
αἰῶναage / foreverN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementαἰών: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “age / forever” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateεἰμί: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
δὲbut / andX · δέindeclinable element functioning within the clause or discourse flowδέ: indeclinable form contributing to the clause's discourse or relational structure.
δικαιοσύνηdikaiosyneN1 NSF · δικαιοσύνηnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionδικαιοσύνη: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “dikaiosyne” within the chapter's prophetic context.
μουmy / of meRP GS · ἐγώgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionἐγώ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “my / of me” within the chapter's prophetic context.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier shaping manner, time, degree, or emphasisοὐ: adverbial or discourse form shaping emphasis, manner, time, or rhetorical movement.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier shaping manner, time, degree, or emphasisμή: adverbial or discourse form shaping emphasis, manner, time, or rhetorical movement.
ἐκλίπῃfailVB AAS3S · λείπω + ἐκfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateλείπω + ἐκ: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
7
ἀκούσατέ μου οἱ εἰδότες κρίσιν λαός μου οὗ ὁ νόμος μου ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ ὑμῶν μὴ φοβεῖσθε ὀνειδισμὸν ἀνθρώπων καὶ τῷ φαυλισμῷ αὐτῶν μὴ ἡττᾶσθε
Hear me, you who know judgment, my people in whose heart is my law; do not fear the reproach of men, and do not be overcome by their reviling.
Those who inwardly possess the law are urged to reject fear of merely human scorn.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
ἀκούσατέheardVA AAD2P · ἀκούωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateἀκούω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
μουmy / of meRP GS · ἐγώgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionἐγώ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “my / of me” within the chapter's prophetic context.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
εἰδότεςknowingVA · ααπνπμ εἶδονfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateεἶδον: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
κρίσινjudgmentN3I ASF · κρίσιςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementκρίσις: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “judgment” within the chapter's prophetic context.
λαόςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionλαός: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “people” within the chapter's prophetic context.
μουmy / of meRP GS · ἐγώgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionἐγώ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “my / of me” within the chapter's prophetic context.
οὗwhereRR GSM · ὅςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionὅς: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “where” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
νόμοςlawN2 NSM · νόμοςnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionνόμος: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “law” within the chapter's prophetic context.
μουmy / of meRP GS · ἐγώgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionἐγώ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “my / of me” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement and marking relationἐν: preposition marking spatial, temporal, causal, or relational nuance with its complement.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁdative substantive expressing relation, means, location, or indirect objectὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
καρδίᾳheartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative substantive expressing relation, means, location, or indirect objectκαρδία: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “heart” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ὑμῶνyour / of youRP GP · σύgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionσύ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “your / of you” within the chapter's prophetic context.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier shaping manner, time, degree, or emphasisμή: adverbial or discourse form shaping emphasis, manner, time, or rhetorical movement.
φοβεῖσθεfearV2 PMI2P · φοβέωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateφοβέω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
ὀνειδισμὸνreproach / disgraceN2 ASM · ὀνειδισμόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὀνειδισμός: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “reproach / disgrace” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἀνθρώπωνman / human beingN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionἄνθρωπος: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “man / human being” within the chapter's prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁdative substantive expressing relation, means, location, or indirect objectὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
φαυλισμῷtheN2 DSM · φαυλισμόςdative substantive expressing relation, means, location, or indirect objectφαυλισμός: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionαὐτός: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “their” within the chapter's prophetic context.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier shaping manner, time, degree, or emphasisμή: adverbial or discourse form shaping emphasis, manner, time, or rhetorical movement.
ἡττᾶσθεητταωV3 PMD2P · ἡττάωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateἡττάω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
8
ὥσπερ γὰρ ἱμάτιον βρωθήσεται ὑπὸ χρόνου καὶ ὡς ἔρια βρωθήσεται ὑπὸ σητός ἡ δὲ δικαιοσύνη μου εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα ἔσται τὸ δὲ σωτήριόν μου εἰς γενεὰς γενεῶν
For like a garment it shall be eaten by time, and like wool it shall be eaten by moth; but my righteousness shall be forever, and my salvation to generations of generations.
The command not to fear is justified by the perishability of persecutors and the endurance of the Lord's saving righteousness.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial modifier shaping manner, time, degree, or emphasisὥσπερ: adverbial or discourse form shaping emphasis, manner, time, or rhetorical movement.
γὰρforX · γάρindeclinable element functioning within the clause or discourse flowγάρ: indeclinable form contributing to the clause's discourse or relational structure.
ἱμάτιονgarment / cloakN2N NSN · ἱμάτιονnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionἱμάτιον: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “garment / cloak” within the chapter's prophetic context.
βρωθήσεταιbe consumedVC FPI3S · βιβρώσκωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateβιβρώσκω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition introducing its complement and marking relationὑπό: preposition marking spatial, temporal, causal, or relational nuance with its complement.
χρόνουa timeN2 GSM · χρόνοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionχρόνος: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “a time” within the chapter's prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
ὡςas / likeD · ὡςadverbial modifier shaping manner, time, degree, or emphasisὡς: adverbial or discourse form shaping emphasis, manner, time, or rhetorical movement.
ἔριαwoolN2N NPN · ἔριονnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionἔριον: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “wool” within the chapter's prophetic context.
βρωθήσεταιbe consumedVC FPI3S · βιβρώσκωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateβιβρώσκω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition introducing its complement and marking relationὑπό: preposition marking spatial, temporal, causal, or relational nuance with its complement.
σητόςmothN3T GSM · σήςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionσής: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “moth” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
δὲbut / andX · δέindeclinable element functioning within the clause or discourse flowδέ: indeclinable form contributing to the clause's discourse or relational structure.
δικαιοσύνηdikaiosyneN1 NSF · δικαιοσύνηnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionδικαιοσύνη: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “dikaiosyne” within the chapter's prophetic context.
μουmy / of meRP GS · ἐγώgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionἐγώ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “my / of me” within the chapter's prophetic context.
εἰςinto / toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement and marking relationεἰς: preposition marking spatial, temporal, causal, or relational nuance with its complement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
αἰῶναage / foreverN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementαἰών: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “age / forever” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateεἰμί: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
δὲbut / andX · δέindeclinable element functioning within the clause or discourse flowδέ: indeclinable form contributing to the clause's discourse or relational structure.
σωτήριόνpeace offeringN2N NSN · σωτήριονnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionσωτήριον: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “peace offering” within the chapter's prophetic context.
μουmy / of meRP GS · ἐγώgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionἐγώ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “my / of me” within the chapter's prophetic context.
εἰςinto / toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement and marking relationεἰς: preposition marking spatial, temporal, causal, or relational nuance with its complement.
γενεὰςgenerationsN1A APF · γενεάaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementγενεά: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “generations” within the chapter's prophetic context.
γενεῶνgenerationN1A GPF · γενεάgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionγενεά: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “generation” within the chapter's prophetic context.
9
ἐξεγείρου ἐξεγείρου Ιερουσαλημ καὶ ἔνδυσαι τὴν ἰσχὺν τοῦ βραχίονός σου ἐξεγείρου ὡς ἐν ἀρχῇ ἡμέρας ὡς γενεὰ αἰῶνος οὐ σὺ εἶ
Awake, awake, Jerusalem, and put on the strength of your arm; awake as in the beginning of days, as a generation of old. Are you not
The voice turns into a liturgical plea for Jerusalem to awaken in continuity with the Lord's primordial saving acts.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ἐξεγείρουawakeV1 PMD2S · ἐγείρω + ἐκfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateἐγείρω + ἐκ: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
ἐξεγείρουawakeV1 PMD2S · ἐγείρω + ἐκfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateἐγείρω + ἐκ: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN NSF · Ἰερουσαλήμindeclinable element functioning within the clause or discourse flowJerusalem: proper name retained in transliteration within this prophetic oracle.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
ἔνδυσαιput on / clotheVA AMD2S · δύω + ἐνfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateδύω + ἐν: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἰσχὺνstrengthN3 ASF · ἰσχύςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementἰσχύς: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “strength” within the chapter's prophetic context.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “of the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
βραχίονόςarmN3N GSM · βραχίωνgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionβραχίων: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “arm” within the chapter's prophetic context.
σουyour / of youRP GS · σύgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionσύ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “your / of you” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἐξεγείρουawakeV1 PMD2S · ἐγείρω + ἐκfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateἐγείρω + ἐκ: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
ὡςas / likeD · ὡςadverbial modifier shaping manner, time, degree, or emphasisὡς: adverbial or discourse form shaping emphasis, manner, time, or rhetorical movement.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement and marking relationἐν: preposition marking spatial, temporal, causal, or relational nuance with its complement.
ἀρχῇbeginningN1 DSF · ἀρχήdative substantive expressing relation, means, location, or indirect objectἀρχή: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “beginning” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἡμέραςdayN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionἡμέρα: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “day” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ὡςas / likeD · ὡςadverbial modifier shaping manner, time, degree, or emphasisὡς: adverbial or discourse form shaping emphasis, manner, time, or rhetorical movement.
γενεὰgenerationN1A NSF · γενεάnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionγενεά: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “generation” within the chapter's prophetic context.
αἰῶνοςage / foreverN3W GSM · αἰώνgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionαἰών: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “age / forever” within the chapter's prophetic context.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier shaping manner, time, degree, or emphasisοὐ: adverbial or discourse form shaping emphasis, manner, time, or rhetorical movement.
σὺyouRP NS · σύnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionσύ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “you” within the chapter's prophetic context.
εἶbeV9 PAI2S · εἰμίfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateεἰμί: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
10
ἡ ἐρημοῦσα θάλασσαν ὕδωρ ἀβύσσου πλῆθος ἡ θεῖσα τὰ βάθη τῆς θαλάσσης ὁδὸν διαβάσεως ῥυομένοις
the one that laid waste the sea, the abundant water of the deep, the one that made the depths of the sea a way of passage for the delivered?
The appeal recalls the exodus-pattern victory over the sea as the template for a new deliverance.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἐρημοῦσαlay wasteVA · ααπνσφ ἐρημόωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateἐρημόω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
θάλασσανseaN1S ASF · θάλασσαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementθάλασσα: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “sea” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ὕδωρwaterN3 ASN · ὕδωρaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὕδωρ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “water” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἀβύσσουdeep / abyssN2 GSF · ἄβυσσοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionἄβυσσος: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “deep / abyss” within the chapter's prophetic context.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E ASN · πλῆθοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementπλῆθος: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “multitude” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
θεῖσαputVE · ααπνσφ τίθημιfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateτίθημι: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
βάθηdepthsN3E APN · βάθοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementβάθος: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “depths” within the chapter's prophetic context.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “of the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
θαλάσσηςseaN1S GSF · θάλασσαgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionθάλασσα: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “sea” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ὁδὸνwayN2 ASF · ὁδόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὁδός: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “way” within the chapter's prophetic context.
διαβάσεωςpass / crossingN3I GSF · διάβασιςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionδιάβασις: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “pass / crossing” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ῥυομένοιςrescueV1 · πμπδπμ ῥύομαιfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateῥύομαι: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
11
καὶ λελυτρωμένοις ὑπὸ γὰρ κυρίου ἀποστραφήσονται καὶ ἥξουσιν εἰς Σιων μετ' εὐφροσύνης καὶ ἀγαλλιάματος αἰωνίου ἐπὶ γὰρ τῆς κεφαλῆς αὐτῶν ἀγαλλίασις καὶ αἴνεσις καὶ εὐφροσύνη καταλήμψεται αὐτούς ἀπέδρα ὀδύνη καὶ λύπη καὶ στεναγμός
For those redeemed by the Lord shall return and come to Zion with gladness, and everlasting exultation shall be upon their head; praise and gladness and joy shall overtake them; pain and grief and groaning have fled.
The remembered deliverance issues in the return of the redeemed to Zion with irreversible joy.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
λελυτρωμένοιςredeemVM · χμπδπμ λυτρόωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateλυτρόω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition introducing its complement and marking relationὑπό: preposition marking spatial, temporal, causal, or relational nuance with its complement.
γὰρforX · γάρindeclinable element functioning within the clause or discourse flowγάρ: indeclinable form contributing to the clause's discourse or relational structure.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionκύριος: central divine title in the chapter's prophetic discourse, marked here by the local clause context.
ἀποστραφήσονταιwill returnVD FPI3P · στρέφω + ἀποfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or state→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardστρέφω + ἀπο: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
ἥξουσινshall comeVF FAI3P · ἥκωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateἥκω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
εἰςinto / toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement and marking relationεἰς: preposition marking spatial, temporal, causal, or relational nuance with its complement.
ΣιωνZionN ASF · Σιωνindeclinable element functioning within the clause or discourse flowZion: proper name retained in transliteration within this prophetic oracle.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement and marking relationμετά: preposition marking spatial, temporal, causal, or relational nuance with its complement.
εὐφροσύνηςgladnessN1 GSF · εὐφροσύνηgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionεὐφροσύνη: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “gladness” within the chapter's prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
ἀγαλλιάματοςadornment / joyN3M GSN · ἀγαλλίαμαgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionἀγαλλίαμα: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “adornment / joy” within the chapter's prophetic context.
αἰωνίουeverlastingA1B GSM · αἰώνιοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionαἰώνιος: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “everlasting” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement and marking relationἐπί: preposition marking spatial, temporal, causal, or relational nuance with its complement.
γὰρforX · γάρindeclinable element functioning within the clause or discourse flowγάρ: indeclinable form contributing to the clause's discourse or relational structure.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “of the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
κεφαλῆςheadN1 GSF · κεφαλήgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionκεφαλή: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “head” within the chapter's prophetic context.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionαὐτός: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “their” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἀγαλλίασιςrejoicingN3I NSF · ἀγαλλίασιςnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionἀγαλλίασις: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “rejoicing” within the chapter's prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
αἴνεσιςpraiseN3I NSF · αἴνεσιςnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionαἴνεσις: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “praise” within the chapter's prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
εὐφροσύνηgladnessN1 NSF · εὐφροσύνηnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionεὐφροσύνη: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “gladness” within the chapter's prophetic context.
καταλήμψεταιwill overtakeVF FMI3S · λαμβάνω + καταfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or state→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardλαμβάνω + κατα: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementαὐτός: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “them” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἀπέδραhas fledVBI AAI3S · διδράσκω + ἀποfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateδιδράσκω + ἀπο: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
ὀδύνηpainN1 NSF · ὀδύνηnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionὀδύνη: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “pain” within the chapter's prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
λύπηgriefN1 NSF · λύπηnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionλύπη: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “grief” within the chapter's prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
στεναγμόςgroaningN2 NSM · στεναγμόςnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionστεναγμός: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “groaning” within the chapter's prophetic context.
12
ἐγώ εἰμι ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ παρακαλῶν σε γνῶθι τίνα εὐλαβηθεῖσα ἐφοβήθης ἀπὸ ἀνθρώπου θνητοῦ καὶ ἀπὸ υἱοῦ ἀνθρώπου οἳ ὡσεὶ χόρτος ἐξηράνθησαν
I am, I am the one who comforts you. Know whom you feared, being afraid of mortal man and of the son of man, who withered like grass.
The Lord himself answers the appeal, identifying himself as Zion's comforter and exposing the irrationality of fearing mortals.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ἐγώIRP NS · ἐγώnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionἐγώ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “I” within the chapter's prophetic context.
εἰμιamV9 PAI1S · εἰμίfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateεἰμί: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
ἐγώIRP NS · ἐγώnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionἐγώ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “I” within the chapter's prophetic context.
εἰμιamV9 PAI1S · εἰμίfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateεἰμί: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
παρακαλῶνencouragingV2 · παπνσμ καλέω + παραparticiple functioning adjectivally, adverbially, or substantivally within the clauseπαπνσμ καλέω + παρα: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
σεyouRP AS · σύaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementσύ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “you” within the chapter's prophetic context.
γνῶθιknowingVZ AAD2S · γιγνώσκωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or state→ aoristic commandγιγνώσκω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
τίναtisRI ASM · τίςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementτίς: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “tis” within the chapter's prophetic context.
εὐλαβηθεῖσαstand in aweVC · αππνσφ εὐλαβέομαιfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateεὐλαβέομαι: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
ἐφοβήθηςyou were afraidVCI API2S · φοβέωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateφοβέω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement and marking relationἀπό: preposition marking spatial, temporal, causal, or relational nuance with its complement.
ἀνθρώπουmanN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionἄνθρωπος: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “man” within the chapter's prophetic context.
θνητοῦmortalA1 GSM · θνητόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionθνητός: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “mortal” within the chapter's prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement and marking relationἀπό: preposition marking spatial, temporal, causal, or relational nuance with its complement.
υἱοῦsonN2 GSM · υἱόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionυἱός: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “son” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἀνθρώπουmanN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionἄνθρωπος: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “man” within the chapter's prophetic context.
οἳwho / whichRR NPM · ὅςnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionὅς: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “who / which” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ὡσεὶaboutX · ὡσείindeclinable element functioning within the clause or discourse flowὡσεί: indeclinable form contributing to the clause's discourse or relational structure.
χόρτοςgrassN3 ASM · χόρτοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementχόρτος: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “grass” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἐξηράνθησανdry upVCI API3P · ξηραίνωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateξηραίνω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
13
καὶ ἐπελάθου θεὸν τὸν ποιήσαντά σε τὸν ποιήσαντα τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ θεμελιώσαντα τὴν γῆν καὶ ἐφόβου ἀεὶ πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας τὸ πρόσωπον τοῦ θυμοῦ τοῦ θλίβοντός σε ὃν τρόπον γὰρ ἐβουλεύσατο τοῦ ἆραί σε καὶ νῦν ποῦ ὁ θυμὸς τοῦ θλίβοντός σε
You forgot God who made you, who made heaven and founded the earth; and you were continually afraid all the days before the face of the wrath of the one afflicting you, just as he planned to take you away. And now where is the wrath of the one afflicting you?
The divine response deepens into rebuke for forgetting the creator while trembling before temporary oppressors.
Word-by-word analysis· 42 words
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
ἐπελάθουyou forgotVBI AMI2S · λανθάνω + ἐπιfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateλανθάνω + ἐπι: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementθεός: central divine title in the chapter's prophetic discourse, marked here by the local clause context.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ποιήσαντάdidVA · ααπασμ ποιέωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateποιέω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
σεyouRP AS · σύaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementσύ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “you” within the chapter's prophetic context.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ποιήσανταwho madeVA · ααπασμ ποιέωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or state→ participleποιέω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
οὐρανὸνheavenN2 ASM · οὐρανόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementοὐρανός: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “heaven” within the chapter's prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
θεμελιώσανταhe foundedVA · ααπασμ θεμελιόωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateθεμελιόω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementγῆ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “land” within the chapter's prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
ἐφόβουfearV2 IMI2S · φοβέωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateφοβέω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
ἀεὶalwaysD · ἀείadverbial modifier shaping manner, time, degree, or emphasisἀεί: adverbial or discourse form shaping emphasis, manner, time, or rhetorical movement.
πάσαςallA1S APF · πᾶςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementπᾶς: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “all” within the chapter's prophetic context.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A APF · ἡμέραaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementἡμέρα: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “days” within the chapter's prophetic context.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
πρόσωπονface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementπρόσωπον: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “face / presence” within the chapter's prophetic context.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “of the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
θυμοῦangerN2 GSM · θυμόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionθυμός: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “anger” within the chapter's prophetic context.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “of the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
θλίβοντόςshall afflictV1 · παπγσμ θλίβωparticiple functioning adjectivally, adverbially, or substantivally within the clauseθλίβω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
σεyouRP AS · σύaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementσύ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “you” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ὃνwhichRR ASM · ὅςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὅς: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “which” within the chapter's prophetic context.
τρόπονmannerN2 ASM · τρόποςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementτρόπος: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “manner” within the chapter's prophetic context.
γὰρforX · γάρindeclinable element functioning within the clause or discourse flowγάρ: indeclinable form contributing to the clause's discourse or relational structure.
ἐβουλεύσατοtook counselVAI AMI3S · βουλεύωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateβουλεύω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
τοῦof theRA GSN · ὁgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “of the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἆραίbearingVA AAN · αἴρωinfinitive expressing verbal action in relation to the main clauseαἴρω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
σεyouRP AS · σύaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementσύ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “you” within the chapter's prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
νῦνnowD · νῦνadverbial modifier shaping manner, time, degree, or emphasisνῦν: adverbial or discourse form shaping emphasis, manner, time, or rhetorical movement.
ποῦwhereD · ποῦadverbial modifier shaping manner, time, degree, or emphasisποῦ: adverbial or discourse form shaping emphasis, manner, time, or rhetorical movement.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
θυμὸςvenom / rageN2 NSM · θυμόςnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionθυμός: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “venom / rage” within the chapter's prophetic context.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “of the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
θλίβοντόςshall afflictV1 · παπγσμ θλίβωparticiple functioning adjectivally, adverbially, or substantivally within the clauseθλίβω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
σεyouRP AS · σύaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementσύ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “you” within the chapter's prophetic context.
14
ἐν γὰρ τῷ σῴζεσθαί σε οὐ στήσεται οὐδὲ χρονιεῖ
For when you are being saved he shall not stand still, nor shall he delay.
The threatened delay is denied: salvation means the oppressor cannot hold the scene indefinitely.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement and marking relationἐν: preposition marking spatial, temporal, causal, or relational nuance with its complement.
γὰρforX · γάρindeclinable element functioning within the clause or discourse flowγάρ: indeclinable form contributing to the clause's discourse or relational structure.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁdative substantive expressing relation, means, location, or indirect objectὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
σῴζεσθαίsaveV1 PMN · σώζωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateσώζω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
σεyouRP AS · σύaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementσύ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “you” within the chapter's prophetic context.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier shaping manner, time, degree, or emphasisοὐ: adverbial or discourse form shaping emphasis, manner, time, or rhetorical movement.
στήσεταιstoodVF FMI3S · ἵστημιfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or state→ constative aoristἵστημι: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsοὐδέ: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
χρονιεῖwill delayVF2 FAI3S · χρονίζωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or state→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardχρονίζω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
15
ὅτι ἐγὼ ὁ θεός σου ὁ ταράσσων τὴν θάλασσαν καὶ ἠχῶν τὰ κύματα αὐτῆς κύριος σαβαωθ ὄνομά μοι
For I am your God, who disturbs the sea and makes its waves roar; the Lord Sabaoth is my name.
The assurance is grounded in the identity of the Lord as the sea-ruler whose name is mighty over chaos.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ὅτιbecause / thatC · ὅτιconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsὅτι: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionἐγώ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “I” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionθεός: central divine title in the chapter's prophetic discourse, marked here by the local clause context.
σουyour / of youRP GS · σύgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionσύ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “your / of you” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ταράσσωνtroubleV1 · παπνσμ ταράσσωparticiple functioning adjectivally, adverbially, or substantivally within the clauseταράσσω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
θάλασσανseaN1S ASF · θάλασσαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementθάλασσα: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “sea” within the chapter's prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
ἠχῶνresoundedV2 · παπνσμ ἠχέωparticiple functioning adjectivally, adverbially, or substantivally within the clauseἠχέω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
κύματαwavesN3M APN · κῦμαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementκῦμα: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “waves” within the chapter's prophetic context.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionαὐτός: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “its” within the chapter's prophetic context.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionκύριος: central divine title in the chapter's prophetic discourse, marked here by the local clause context.
σαβαωθSabaothN G · σαβαωθindeclinable element functioning within the clause or discourse flowSabaoth: proper name retained in transliteration within this prophetic oracle.
ὄνομάnameN3M NSN · ὄνομαnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionὄνομα: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “name” within the chapter's prophetic context.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώdative substantive expressing relation, means, location, or indirect objectἐγώ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “to me” within the chapter's prophetic context.
16
θήσω τοὺς λόγους μου εἰς τὸ στόμα σου καὶ ὑπὸ τὴν σκιὰν τῆς χειρός μου σκεπάσω σε ἐν ᾗ ἔστησα τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ ἐθεμελίωσα τὴν γῆν καὶ ἐρεῖ Σιων λαός μου εἶ σύ
I will put my words into your mouth, and under the shadow of my hand I will shelter you, with which I established heaven and founded earth; and he will say to Zion, “You are my people.”
The oracle turns to prophetic protection and covenant speech, placing divine words in the mouth of the servant or prophetic figure for Zion's sake.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
θήσωI will set / placeVF FAI1S · τίθημιfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateτίθημι: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
λόγουςwordN2 APM · λόγοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementλόγος: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “word” within the chapter's prophetic context.
μουmy / of meRP GS · ἐγώgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionἐγώ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “my / of me” within the chapter's prophetic context.
εἰςinto / toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement and marking relationεἰς: preposition marking spatial, temporal, causal, or relational nuance with its complement.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
στόμαmouthN3M ASN · στόμαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementστόμα: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “mouth” within the chapter's prophetic context.
σουyour / of youRP GS · σύgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionσύ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “your / of you” within the chapter's prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition introducing its complement and marking relationὑπό: preposition marking spatial, temporal, causal, or relational nuance with its complement.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
σκιὰνshadowN1A ASF · σκιάaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementσκιά: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “shadow” within the chapter's prophetic context.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “of the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
χειρόςhandN3 GSF · χείρgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionχείρ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “hand” within the chapter's prophetic context.
μουmy / of meRP GS · ἐγώgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionἐγώ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “my / of me” within the chapter's prophetic context.
σκεπάσωI will shield / I will protectVF2 FAI1S · σκεπάζωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateσκεπάζω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
σεyouRP AS · σύaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementσύ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “you” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement and marking relationἐν: preposition marking spatial, temporal, causal, or relational nuance with its complement.
ᾗᾗRR DSF · ὅςdative substantive expressing relation, means, location, or indirect objectὅς: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “ᾗ” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἔστησαset / appoint / standVAI AAI1S · ἵστημιfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateἵστημι: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
οὐρανὸνheavenN2 ASM · οὐρανόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementοὐρανός: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “heaven” within the chapter's prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
ἐθεμελίωσαhe foundedVAI AAI1S · θεμελιόωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateθεμελιόω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementγῆ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “land” within the chapter's prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
ἐρεῖsayVF2 FAI3S · εἶπονfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateεἶπον: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
ΣιωνZionN DSF · Σιωνindeclinable element functioning within the clause or discourse flowZion: proper name retained in transliteration within this prophetic oracle.
λαόςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionλαός: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “people” within the chapter's prophetic context.
μουmy / of meRP GS · ἐγώgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionἐγώ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “my / of me” within the chapter's prophetic context.
εἶbeV9 PAI2S · εἰμίfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateεἰμί: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
σύyouRP NS · σύnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionσύ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “you” within the chapter's prophetic context.
17
ἐξεγείρου ἐξεγείρου ἀνάστηθι Ιερουσαλημ ἡ πιοῦσα τὸ ποτήριον τοῦ θυμοῦ ἐκ χειρὸς κυρίου τὸ ποτήριον γὰρ τῆς πτώσεως τὸ κόνδυ τοῦ θυμοῦ ἐξέπιες καὶ ἐξεκένωσας
Awake, awake, stand up, Jerusalem, you who drank from the Lord's hand the cup of wrath; for you drank the cup of downfall, the bowl of wrath, and drained it.
The address shifts back to fallen Jerusalem, summoning her to rise after draining the cup of wrath.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
ἐξεγείρουawakeV1 PMD2S · ἐγείρω + ἐκfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateἐγείρω + ἐκ: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
ἐξεγείρουawakeV1 PMD2S · ἐγείρω + ἐκfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateἐγείρω + ἐκ: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
ἀνάστηθιrise upVH AAD2S · ἵστημι + ἀναfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateἵστημι + ἀνα: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN NSF · Ἰερουσαλήμindeclinable element functioning within the clause or discourse flowJerusalem: proper name retained in transliteration within this prophetic oracle.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
πιοῦσαdrinkVB · ααπνσφ πίνωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateπίνω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ποτήριονcupN2N ASN · ποτήριονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementποτήριον: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “cup” within the chapter's prophetic context.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “of the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
θυμοῦangerN2 GSM · θυμόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionθυμός: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “anger” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement and marking relationἐκ: preposition marking spatial, temporal, causal, or relational nuance with its complement.
χειρὸςhandN3 GSF · χείρgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionχείρ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “hand” within the chapter's prophetic context.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionκύριος: central divine title in the chapter's prophetic discourse, marked here by the local clause context.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ποτήριονcupN2N ASN · ποτήριονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementποτήριον: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “cup” within the chapter's prophetic context.
γὰρforX · γάρindeclinable element functioning within the clause or discourse flowγάρ: indeclinable form contributing to the clause's discourse or relational structure.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “of the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
πτώσεωςfallN3I GSF · πτῶσιςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionπτῶσις: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “fall” within the chapter's prophetic context.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
κόνδυcupN3 ASN · κόνδυaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementκόνδυ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “cup” within the chapter's prophetic context.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “of the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
θυμοῦangerN2 GSM · θυμόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionθυμός: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “anger” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἐξέπιεςdrinkVBI AAI2S · πίνω + ἐκfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateπίνω + ἐκ: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
ἐξεκένωσαςκενόωVAI AAI2S · κενόω + ἐκfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateκενόω + ἐκ: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
18
καὶ οὐκ ἦν ὁ παρακαλῶν σε ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν τέκνων σου ὧν ἔτεκες καὶ οὐκ ἦν ὁ ἀντιλαμβανόμενος τῆς χειρός σου οὐδὲ ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν υἱῶν σου ὧν ὕψωσας
And there was none to comfort you from all the children you bore; there was none to take your hand, not from all the sons you raised.
Jerusalem's helplessness is described through the absence of any son able to guide or sustain her.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier shaping manner, time, degree, or emphasisοὐ: adverbial or discourse form shaping emphasis, manner, time, or rhetorical movement.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateεἰμί: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
παρακαλῶνencouragingV2 · παπνσμ καλέω + παραparticiple functioning adjectivally, adverbially, or substantivally within the clauseπαπνσμ καλέω + παρα: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
σεyouRP AS · σύaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementσύ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “you” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement and marking relationἀπό: preposition marking spatial, temporal, causal, or relational nuance with its complement.
πάντωνall / everyA3 GPN · πᾶςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionπᾶς: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “all / every” within the chapter's prophetic context.
τῶνof theRA GPN · ὁgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “of the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
τέκνωνteknonN2N GPN · τέκνονgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionτέκνον: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “teknon” within the chapter's prophetic context.
σουyour / of youRP GS · σύgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionσύ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “your / of you” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ὧνwho / whichRR GPN · ὅςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionὅς: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “who / which” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἔτεκεςboreVBI AAI2S · τίκτωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateτίκτω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier shaping manner, time, degree, or emphasisοὐ: adverbial or discourse form shaping emphasis, manner, time, or rhetorical movement.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateεἰμί: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἀντιλαμβανόμενοςholding fastV1 · πμπνσμ λαμβάνω + ἀντιfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateπμπνσμ λαμβάνω + ἀντι: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “of the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
χειρόςhandN3 GSF · χείρgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionχείρ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “hand” within the chapter's prophetic context.
σουyour / of youRP GS · σύgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionσύ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “your / of you” within the chapter's prophetic context.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsοὐδέ: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement and marking relationἀπό: preposition marking spatial, temporal, causal, or relational nuance with its complement.
πάντωνallA3 GPM · πᾶςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionπᾶς: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “all” within the chapter's prophetic context.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “of the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionυἱός: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “sons” within the chapter's prophetic context.
σουyour / of youRP GS · σύgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionσύ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “your / of you” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ὧνwhichRR GPM · ὅςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionὅς: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “which” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ὕψωσαςraiseVA AAI2S · ὑψόωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or state→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeὑψόω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
19
δύο ταῦτα ἀντικείμενά σοι τίς σοι συλλυπηθήσεται πτῶμα καὶ σύντριμμα λιμὸς καὶ μάχαιρα τίς σε παρακαλέσει
These two things are set against you; who will grieve with you? Collapse and ruin, famine and sword; who will comfort you?
Her devastation is itemized in paired calamities that intensify the lament.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
δύοtwoM · δύοindeclinable element functioning within the clause or discourse flowδύο: indeclinable form contributing to the clause's discourse or relational structure.
ταῦταtheseRD NPN · οὗτοςnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionοὗτος: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “these” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἀντικείμενάπμπνπν κεῖμαι with ἀντιV5 · πμπνπν κεῖμαι + ἀντιfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateπμπνπν κεῖμαι + ἀντι: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
σοιto youRP DS · σύdative substantive expressing relation, means, location, or indirect objectσύ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “to you” within the chapter's prophetic context.
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionτίς: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “who / what” within the chapter's prophetic context.
σοιto youRP DS · σύdative substantive expressing relation, means, location, or indirect objectσύ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “to you” within the chapter's prophetic context.
συλλυπηθήσεταιλυπέω with συνVC FPI3S · λυπέω + συνfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateλυπέω + συν: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
πτῶμαfall / ruinN3M NSN · πτῶμαnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionπτῶμα: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “fall / ruin” within the chapter's prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
σύντριμμαtermN3M NSN · σύντριμμαnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionσύντριμμα: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “term” within the chapter's prophetic context.
λιμὸςfamineN2 NSM · λιμόςnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionλιμός: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “famine” within the chapter's prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
μάχαιραswordN1A NSF · μάχαιραnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionμάχαιρα: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “sword” within the chapter's prophetic context.
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionτίς: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “who / what” within the chapter's prophetic context.
σεyouRP AS · σύaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementσύ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “you” within the chapter's prophetic context.
παρακαλέσεικαλέω + παραVF FAI3S · καλέω + παραfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or state→ future verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationκαλέω + παρα: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
20
οἱ υἱοί σου οἱ ἀπορούμενοι οἱ καθεύδοντες ἐπ' ἄκρου πάσης ἐξόδου ὡς σευτλίον ἡμίεφθον οἱ πλήρεις θυμοῦ κυρίου ἐκλελυμένοι διὰ κυρίου τοῦ θεοῦ
Your sons are perplexed, sleeping at the head of every street like a half-cooked beet, full of the Lord's wrath, undone by the Lord God.
The city's sons are pictured as collapsed in the streets, embodiments of divine wrath and exhaustion.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
υἱοίsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionυἱός: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “sons” within the chapter's prophetic context.
σουyour / of youRP GS · σύgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionσύ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “your / of you” within the chapter's prophetic context.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἀπορούμενοιwas troubledV2 · πμπνπμ ἀπορέωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateἀπορέω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
καθεύδοντεςπαπνπμ εὕδω with καταV1 · παπνπμ εὕδω + καταparticiple functioning adjectivally, adverbially, or substantivally within the clauseπαπνπμ εὕδω + κατα: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement and marking relationἐπί: preposition marking spatial, temporal, causal, or relational nuance with its complement.
ἄκρουthe endA1A GSM · ἄκροςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionἄκρος: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the end” within the chapter's prophetic context.
πάσηςeveryoneA1S GSF · πᾶςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionπᾶς: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “everyone” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἐξόδουoutgoing borderN2 GSF · ἔξοδοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionἔξοδος: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “outgoing border” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ὡςas / likeD · ὡςadverbial modifier shaping manner, time, degree, or emphasisὡς: adverbial or discourse form shaping emphasis, manner, time, or rhetorical movement.
σευτλίονσευτλίονN2N ASN · σευτλίονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementσευτλίον: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “σευτλίον” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἡμίεφθονἡμίεφθοςA1B ASN · ἡμίεφθοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementἡμίεφθος: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “ἡμίεφθος” within the chapter's prophetic context.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
πλήρειςfullA3H NPM · πλήρηςnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionπλήρης: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “full” within the chapter's prophetic context.
θυμοῦangerN2 GSM · θυμόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionθυμός: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “anger” within the chapter's prophetic context.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionκύριος: central divine title in the chapter's prophetic discourse, marked here by the local clause context.
ἐκλελυμένοιexhaustedVM · χμπνπμ λύω + ἐκfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateχμπνπμ λύω + ἐκ: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
διὰthrough / because ofP · διάpreposition introducing its complement and marking relationδιά: preposition marking spatial, temporal, causal, or relational nuance with its complement.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionκύριος: central divine title in the chapter's prophetic discourse, marked here by the local clause context.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “of the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionθεός: central divine title in the chapter's prophetic discourse, marked here by the local clause context.
21
διὰ τοῦτο ἄκουε τεταπεινωμένη καὶ μεθύουσα οὐκ ἀπὸ οἴνου
Therefore hear this, humbled one, drunk though not from wine.
The afflicted city is ordered to listen precisely in her humiliated and intoxicated state.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
διὰthrough / because ofP · διάpreposition introducing its complement and marking relationδιά: preposition marking spatial, temporal, causal, or relational nuance with its complement.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementοὗτος: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “this” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἄκουεhearV1 PAD2S · ἀκούωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or state→ durative present imperative (continual hearing/obeying)ἀκούω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
τεταπεινωμένηhumbleVM · χμπνσφ ταπεινόωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateταπεινόω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
μεθύουσαbeing drunkV1 · παπνσφ μεθύωparticiple functioning adjectivally, adverbially, or substantivally within the clauseμεθύω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier shaping manner, time, degree, or emphasisοὐ: adverbial or discourse form shaping emphasis, manner, time, or rhetorical movement.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement and marking relationἀπό: preposition marking spatial, temporal, causal, or relational nuance with its complement.
οἴνουwineN2 GSM · οἶνοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionοἶνος: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “wine” within the chapter's prophetic context.
22
οὕτως λέγει κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ κρίνων τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ ἰδοὺ εἴληφα ἐκ τῆς χειρός σου τὸ ποτήριον τῆς πτώσεως τὸ κόνδυ τοῦ θυμοῦ καὶ οὐ προσθήσῃ ἔτι πιεῖν αὐτό
Thus says the Lord, the God who judges his people: Behold, I have taken from your hand the cup of downfall, the bowl of my wrath; you shall no longer drink it again.
The Lord announces the removal of the wrath-cup from Jerusalem as an act of judicial reversal.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial modifier shaping manner, time, degree, or emphasisοὕτως: adverbial or discourse form shaping emphasis, manner, time, or rhetorical movement.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateλέγω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionκύριος: central divine title in the chapter's prophetic discourse, marked here by the local clause context.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionθεός: central divine title in the chapter's prophetic discourse, marked here by the local clause context.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
κρίνωνpapnsm krinoV1 · παπνσμ κρίνωparticiple functioning adjectivally, adverbially, or substantivally within the clause→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardκρίνω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
λαὸνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementλαός: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “people” within the chapter's prophetic context.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionαὐτός: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “his” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούparticle or interjection marking attention or rhetorical forceἰδού: particle or interjection heightening attention or rhetorical force in the oracle.
εἴληφαI have takenVX XAI1S · λαμβάνωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateλαμβάνω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement and marking relationἐκ: preposition marking spatial, temporal, causal, or relational nuance with its complement.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “of the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
χειρόςhandN3 GSF · χείρgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionχείρ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “hand” within the chapter's prophetic context.
σουyour / of youRP GS · σύgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionσύ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “your / of you” within the chapter's prophetic context.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ποτήριονcupN2N ASN · ποτήριονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementποτήριον: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “cup” within the chapter's prophetic context.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “of the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
πτώσεωςfallN3I GSF · πτῶσιςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionπτῶσις: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “fall” within the chapter's prophetic context.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
κόνδυcupN3 ASN · κόνδυaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementκόνδυ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “cup” within the chapter's prophetic context.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “of the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
θυμοῦangerN2 GSM · θυμόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionθυμός: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “anger” within the chapter's prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier shaping manner, time, degree, or emphasisοὐ: adverbial or discourse form shaping emphasis, manner, time, or rhetorical movement.
προσθήσῃaddVF FMI2S · τίθημι + προςfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateτίθημι + προς: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial modifier shaping manner, time, degree, or emphasisἔτι: adverbial or discourse form shaping emphasis, manner, time, or rhetorical movement.
πιεῖνto drinkVB AAN · πίνωinfinitive expressing verbal action in relation to the main clauseπίνω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
αὐτόitRD ASN · αὐτόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementαὐτός: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “it” within the chapter's prophetic context.
23
καὶ ἐμβαλῶ αὐτὸ εἰς τὰς χεῖρας τῶν ἀδικησάντων σε καὶ τῶν ταπεινωσάντων σε οἳ εἶπαν τῇ ψυχῇ σου κύψον ἵνα παρέλθωμεν καὶ ἔθηκας ἴσα τῇ γῇ τὰ μετάφρενά σου ἔξω τοῖς παραπορευομένοις
And I will put it into the hands of those who wronged you and humiliated you, who said to your soul, “Bend down, that we may pass over,” and you made your back level with the ground outside for the passersby.
The transferred cup becomes punitive judgment on the humiliators who forced Zion into abject submission.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
ἐμβαλῶlayVF2 FAI1S · βάλλω + ἐνfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or state→ future active indicativeβάλλω + ἐν: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
αὐτὸitRD ASN · αὐτόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementαὐτός: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “it” within the chapter's prophetic context.
εἰςinto / toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement and marking relationεἰς: preposition marking spatial, temporal, causal, or relational nuance with its complement.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
χεῖραςhandsN3 APF · χείρaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementχείρ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “hands” within the chapter's prophetic context.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “of the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἀδικησάντωνbeing wrongedVA · ααπγπμ ἀδικέωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateἀδικέω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
σεyouRP AS · σύaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementσύ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “you” within the chapter's prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “of the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ταπεινωσάντωνhumbleVA · ααπγπμ ταπεινόωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateταπεινόω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
σεyouRP AS · σύaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementσύ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “you” within the chapter's prophetic context.
οἳwho / whichRR NPM · ὅςnominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionὅς: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “who / which” within the chapter's prophetic context.
εἶπανthey saidVAI AAI3P · εἶπονfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateεἶπον: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁdative substantive expressing relation, means, location, or indirect objectὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ψυχῇsoulN1 DSF · ψυχήdative substantive expressing relation, means, location, or indirect objectψυχή: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “soul” within the chapter's prophetic context.
σουyour / of youRP GS · σύgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionσύ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “your / of you” within the chapter's prophetic context.
κύψονbowed downVA AAD2S · κύπτωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateκύπτω: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsἵνα: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
παρέλθωμενlet us passVB AAS1P · ἔρχομαι + παραfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateἔρχομαι + παρα: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking words, clauses, or discourse unitsκαί: connective that coordinates, contrasts, or advances the discourse.
ἔθηκαςyou madeVAI AAI2S · τίθημιfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or state→ aorist indicative presenting the action as a completed wholeτίθημι: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.
ἴσαisosA1 APN · ἴσοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementἴσος: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “isos” within the chapter's prophetic context.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁdative substantive expressing relation, means, location, or indirect objectὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
γῇlandN1 DSF · γῆdative substantive expressing relation, means, location, or indirect objectγῆ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “land” within the chapter's prophetic context.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
μετάφρενάμετάφρενονN2N APN · μετάφρενονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementμετάφρενον: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “μετάφρενον” within the chapter's prophetic context.
σουyour / of youRP GS · σύgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionσύ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “your / of you” within the chapter's prophetic context.
ἔξωexoD · ἔξωadverbial modifier shaping manner, time, degree, or emphasisἔξω: adverbial or discourse form shaping emphasis, manner, time, or rhetorical movement.
τοῖςto theRA DPM · ὁdative substantive expressing relation, means, location, or indirect objectὁ: nominal or adjectival lexeme rendered here as “to the” within the chapter's prophetic context.
παραπορευομένοιςπμπδπμ πορεύομαι with παραV1 · πμπδπμ πορεύομαι + παραfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateπμπδπμ πορεύομαι + παρα: verbal lexeme denoting the action, process, speech, or state expressed by this form in Isaiah's oracle.