1
μὴ οὐκ ἰσχύει ἡ χεὶρ κυρίου τοῦ σῶσαι ἢ ἐβάρυνεν τὸ οὖς αὐτοῦ τοῦ μὴ εἰσακοῦσαι
Surely the hand of the Lord is not too weak to save, nor has his ear grown heavy so that it cannot hear.
The chapter opens by denying that the Lord's power or attentiveness is the problem.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰσχύειis strongV1 PAI3S · ἰσχύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἰσχύω: meaning 'is strong'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεὶρhandN3 NSF · χείρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦof theRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σῶσαιsaveVA AAN · σώζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementσώζω: meaning 'save'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐβάρυνενmade heavyV1I IAI3S · βαρύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processβαρύνω: meaning 'made heavy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὖςearN3T ASN · οὖςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant referenceοὖς: meaning 'ear'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοῦof theRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσακοῦσαιlisten toVA AAN · ἀκούω + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἀκούω + εἰς: meaning 'listen to'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
2
ἀλλὰ τὰ ἁμαρτήματα ὑμῶν διιστῶσιν ἀνὰ μέσον ὑμῶν καὶ τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ διὰ τὰς ἁμαρτίας ὑμῶν ἀπέστρεψεν τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ ἀφ' ὑμῶν τοῦ μὴ ἐλεῆσαι
Rather, your sins stand between you and God, and because of your sins he has turned his face away from you so as not to show mercy.
The real barrier is Israel's sin, which creates separation and loss of mercy.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτήματαsinful deedN3M NPN · ἁμάρτημαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἁμάρτημα: meaning 'sinful deed'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διιστῶσινseparateV6 PAS3P · ἵστημι + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἵστημι + δια: meaning 'separate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνὰup / amongP · ἀνάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀνὰ: meaning 'up'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσονmiddleA1 ASN · μέσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέσος: meaning 'middle'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διὰthrough / because ofP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτίαςsinN1A APF · ἁμαρτίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπέστρεψενturn awayVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'turn away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόσωπονfaceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀφ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀφ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοῦof theRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλεῆσαιshow mercyVA AAN · ἐλεέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἐλεέω: meaning 'show mercy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
3
αἱ γὰρ χεῖρες ὑμῶν μεμολυμμέναι αἵματι καὶ οἱ δάκτυλοι ὑμῶν ἐν ἁμαρτίαις τὰ δὲ χείλη ὑμῶν ἐλάλησεν ἀνομίαν καὶ ἡ γλῶσσα ὑμῶν ἀδικίαν μελετᾷ
For your hands are defiled with blood and your fingers with sins; your lips have spoken lawlessness, and your tongue meditates on injustice.
Verse 3 begins the proof of the indictment with bodily images of moral defilement.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χεῖρεςhandN3 NPF · χείρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μεμολυμμέναιdefileVM · χππνπφ μολύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππνπφ μολύνω: meaning 'defile'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἵματιbloodN3M DSN · αἷμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceαἷμα: meaning 'blood'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δάκτυλοιfingerN2 NPM · δάκτυλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδάκτυλος: meaning 'finger'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἁμαρτίαιςsinN1A DPF · ἁμαρτίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbut / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χείληlipN3E NPN · χεῖλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχεῖλος: meaning 'lip'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐλάλησενspeakVAI AAI3S · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνομίανiniquitiesN1A ASF · ἀνομίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνομία: meaning 'iniquities'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γλῶσσαtongueN1S NSF · γλῶσσαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγλῶσσα: meaning 'tongue'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀδικίανinjusticeN1A ASF · ἀδικίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀδικία: meaning 'injustice'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μελετᾷmeditateV3 PAI3S · μελετάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processμελετάω: meaning 'meditate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
4
οὐδεὶς λαλεῖ δίκαια οὐδὲ ἔστιν κρίσις ἀληθινή πεποίθασιν ἐπὶ ματαίοις καὶ λαλοῦσιν κενά ὅτι κύουσιν πόνον καὶ τίκτουσιν ἀνομίαν
No one speaks what is just, and there is no true judgment; they trust in empty things and speak vanities, for they conceive misery and give birth to lawlessness.
The accusation widens from violent speech to a whole culture of false judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
οὐδεὶςno oneA3 NSM · οὐδείςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοὐδείς: meaning 'no one'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
λαλεῖspeaksV2 PAI3S · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλαλέω: meaning 'speaks'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δίκαιαjustA1A APN · δίκαιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'just'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κρίσιςjudgmentN3I NSF · κρίσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀληθινήtrueA1 NSF · ἀληθινόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀληθινός: meaning 'true'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πεποίθασινtrustVX XAI3P · πείθωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπείθω: meaning 'trust'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ματαίοιςempty thingA1A DPM · μάταιοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμάταιος: meaning 'empty thing'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λαλοῦσινthey are speakingV2 PAI3P · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλαλέω: meaning 'they are speaking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κενάemptyA1 APN · κενόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκενός: meaning 'empty'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κύουσινconceiveV1 PAI3P · κύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκύω: meaning 'conceive'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πόνονtoil / miseryN2 ASM · πόνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπόνος: meaning 'toil'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίκτουσινgive birthV1 PAI3P · τίκτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processτίκτω: meaning 'give birth'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνομίανiniquitiesN1A ASF · ἀνομίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνομία: meaning 'iniquities'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
5
ᾠὰ ἀσπίδων ἔρρηξαν καὶ ἱστὸν ἀράχνης ὑφαίνουσιν καὶ ὁ μέλλων τῶν ᾠῶν αὐτῶν φαγεῖν συντρίψας οὔριον εὗρεν καὶ ἐν αὐτῷ βασιλίσκος
They hatch the eggs of asps and weave a spider's web; whoever is about to eat their eggs, after crushing one, finds a viper in it.
Poisonous eggs and spider webs visualize the deadly fruitlessness of their works.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ᾠὰeggsN2N APN · ᾠόνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationᾠόν: meaning 'eggs'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀσπίδωνaspN3D GPF · ἀσπίςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσπίς: meaning 'asp'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἔρρηξανbreak openVAI AAI3P · ῥήγνυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristῥήγνυμι: meaning 'break open'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἱστὸνwebN2 ASM · ἱστόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἱστός: meaning 'web'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀράχνηςspiderN1 GSF · ἀράχνηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀράχνη: meaning 'spider'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὑφαίνουσινweaveV1 PAI3P · ὑφαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processὑφαίνω: meaning 'weave'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μέλλωνμελλωV1 · παπνσμ μέλλωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ μέλλω: meaning 'μελλω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῶνof theRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ᾠῶνeggN2N GPN · ᾠόνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationᾠόν: meaning 'egg'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
φαγεῖνeatVB AAN · ἐσθίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἐσθίω: meaning 'eat'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
συντρίψαςcrushedVA · ααπνσμ τρίβω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ τρίβω + συν: meaning 'crushed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὔριονviperA1A ASN · οὔριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοὔριος: meaning 'viper'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εὗρενfindVB AAI3S · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεὑρίσκω: meaning 'find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
βασιλίσκοςbasiliskN2 ASM · βασιλίσκοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβασιλίσκος: meaning 'basilisk'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
6
ὁ ἱστὸς αὐτῶν οὐκ ἔσται εἰς ἱμάτιον οὐδὲ μὴ περιβάλωνται ἀπὸ τῶν ἔργων αὐτῶν τὰ γὰρ ἔργα αὐτῶν ἔργα ἀνομίας
Their web will not become clothing, nor will they cover themselves with their works, for their works are works of lawlessness.
The metaphor is interpreted: their labor cannot clothe or protect them.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱστὸςmastN2 NSM · ἱστόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἱστός: meaning 'mast'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιbeVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἱμάτιονgarmentN2N ASN · ἱμάτιονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἱμάτιον: meaning 'garment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περιβάλωνταιput onVB AMS3P · βάλλω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyβάλλω + περι: meaning 'put on'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνof theRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργωνworkN2N GPN · ἔργονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔργον: meaning 'work'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔργαworkN2N NPN · ἔργονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔργον: meaning 'work'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔργαworkN2N NPN · ἔργονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔργον: meaning 'work'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνομίαςlawlessnessN1A GSF · ἀνομίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνομία: meaning 'lawlessness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
7
οἱ δὲ πόδες αὐτῶν ἐπὶ πονηρίαν τρέχουσιν ταχινοὶ ἐκχέαι αἷμα καὶ οἱ διαλογισμοὶ αὐτῶν διαλογισμοὶ ἀφρόνων σύντριμμα καὶ ταλαιπωρία ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτῶν
Their feet run to evil; they are swift to pour out blood, and their thoughts are foolish thoughts; ruin and misery are in their paths.
The oracle returns to direct description of violent action and destructive intent.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbut / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πόδεςfootN3D NPM · πούςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπούς: meaning 'foot'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πονηρίανevilN1A ASF · πονηρίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπονηρία: meaning 'evil'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τρέχουσινrunV1 PAI3P · τρέχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processτρέχω: meaning 'run'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ταχινοὶswiftA1 NPM · ταχινόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceταχινός: meaning 'swift'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκχέαιto pour outVA AAN · χέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementχέω + ἐκ: meaning 'to pour out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἷμαbloodN3M ASN · αἷμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἷμα: meaning 'blood'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διαλογισμοὶthoughtN2 NPM · διαλογισμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδιαλογισμός: meaning 'thought'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διαλογισμοὶthoughtN2 NPM · διαλογισμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδιαλογισμός: meaning 'thought'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀφρόνωνfoolishA3N GPM · ἄφρωνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄφρων: meaning 'foolish'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σύντριμμαruinN3M NSN · σύντριμμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσύντριμμα: meaning 'ruin'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταλαιπωρίαdevastation / miseryN1A NSF · ταλαιπωρίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceταλαιπωρία: meaning 'devastation'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδοῖςwayN2 DPF · ὁδόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
8
καὶ ὁδὸν εἰρήνης οὐκ οἴδασιν καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν κρίσις ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτῶν αἱ γὰρ τρίβοι αὐτῶν διεστραμμέναι ἃς διοδεύουσιν καὶ οὐκ οἴδασιν εἰρήνην
They do not know the way of peace, and there is no judgment in their paths; their tracks are twisted, and those who walk them do not know peace.
A concise summary names the absence of peace and the perversity of their ways.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁδὸνwayN2 ASF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰρήνηςpeaceN1 GSF · εἰρήνηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationεἰρήνη: meaning 'peace'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἴδασινknowVX XAI3P · οἶδαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateοἶδα: meaning 'know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κρίσιςjudgmentN3I NSF · κρίσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδοῖςwayN2 DPF · ὁδόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τρίβοιtrack / pathN3E NPF · τρίβοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτρίβος: meaning 'track'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διεστραμμέναιστρεφω διαVP · χμπνπφ στρέφω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνπφ στρέφω + δια: meaning 'στρεφω δια'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἃςwho / whichRR APF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἃς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διοδεύουσινgo throughV1 PAI3P · ὁδεύω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processὁδεύω + δια: meaning 'go through'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἴδασινknowVX XAI3P · οἶδαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateοἶδα: meaning 'know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰρήνηνpeaceN1 ASF · εἰρήνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationεἰρήνη: meaning 'peace'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
9
διὰ τοῦτο ἀπέστη ἡ κρίσις ἀπ' αὐτῶν καὶ οὐ μὴ καταλάβῃ αὐτοὺς δικαιοσύνη ὑπομεινάντων αὐτῶν φῶς ἐγένετο αὐτοῖς σκότος μείναντες αὐγὴν ἐν ἀωρίᾳ περιεπάτησαν
Therefore judgment has departed from them, and righteousness will never overtake them; though they waited for light, darkness came to them, and while expecting dawn they walked in gloom.
The people now describe the judicial and moral darkness produced by these sins.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
διὰthrough / because ofP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπέστηιστημι αποVHI AAI3S · ἵστημι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'ιστημι απο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίσιςjudgmentN3I NSF · κρίσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταλάβῃlambanokataVB AAS3S · λαμβάνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyλαμβάνω + κατα: meaning 'lambanokata'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςhe / she / itRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δικαιοσύνηrighteousnessN1 NSF · δικαιοσύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑπομεινάντωνwait forVA · ααπγπμ μένω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπγπμ μένω + ὑπο: meaning 'wait for'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
φῶςlightN3T ASN · φῶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφῶς: meaning 'light'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐγένετοbecomeVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῖςto themRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'to them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σκότοςdarknessN3E ASM · σκότοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσκότος: meaning 'darkness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μείναντεςμενωVA · ααπνπμ μένωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνπμ μένω: meaning 'μενω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐγὴνdawnN1 ASF · αὐγήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαὐγή: meaning 'dawn'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀωρίᾳdark gloomN1A DSF · ἀωρίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀωρία: meaning 'dark gloom'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
περιεπάτησανwalk aboutVAI AAI3P · πατέω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπατέω + περι: meaning 'walk about'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
10
ψηλαφήσουσιν ὡς τυφλοὶ τοῖχον καὶ ὡς οὐχ ὑπαρχόντων ὀφθαλμῶν ψηλαφήσουσιν καὶ πεσοῦνται ἐν μεσημβρίᾳ ὡς ἐν μεσονυκτίῳ ὡς ἀποθνῄσκοντες στενάξουσιν
They will grope for a wall like the blind and grope as though they had no eyes; they will stumble at noon as at midnight, and like the dying they will groan.
Blind groping and stumbling intensify the image of experienced judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ψηλαφήσουσινgropeVF FAI3P · ψηλαφάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureψηλαφάω: meaning 'grope'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡςasX · ὡςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τυφλοὶblindA1 NPM · τυφλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτυφλός: meaning 'blind'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῖχονwallN2 ASM · τοῖχοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτοῖχος: meaning 'wall'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasX · ὡςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπαρχόντωναρχω υποV1 · παπγπμ ἄρχω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ ἄρχω + ὑπο: meaning 'αρχω υπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀφθαλμῶνeyeN2 GPM · ὀφθαλμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eye'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ψηλαφήσουσινgropeVF FAI3P · ψηλαφάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureψηλαφάω: meaning 'grope'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεσοῦνταιfallVF FMI3P · πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίπτω: meaning 'fall'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μεσημβρίᾳmiddayN1A DSF · μεσημβρίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμεσημβρία: meaning 'midday'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὡςasX · ὡςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μεσονυκτίῳmidnightN2N DSN · μεσονύκτιονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμεσονύκτιον: meaning 'midnight'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὡςasX · ὡςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποθνῄσκοντεςdieV1 · παπνπμ θνήσκω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ θνήσκω + ἀπο: meaning 'die'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
στενάξουσινgroanedVF FAI3P · στενάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureστενάζω: meaning 'groaned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
11
ὡς ἄρκος καὶ ὡς περιστερὰ ἅμα πορεύσονται ἀνεμείναμεν κρίσιν καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν σωτηρία μακρὰν ἀφέστηκεν ἀφ' ἡμῶν
They all move together like bears and moan like doves; we waited for judgment, but there is none, for salvation, but it stands far from us.
The communal voice turns to groaning because hoped-for justice and salvation remain distant.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ὡςasX · ὡςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄρκοςbearN2 NSM · ἄρκοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄρκος: meaning 'bear'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasX · ὡςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περιστερὰdoveN1A NSF · περιστεράnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπεριστερά: meaning 'dove'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἅμααμαD · ἅμαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἅμα: meaning 'αμα'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πορεύσονταιπορευομαιVF FMI3P · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπορεύομαι: meaning 'πορευομαι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνεμείναμενμενω αναVAI AAI1P · μένω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμένω + ἀνα: meaning 'μενω ανα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κρίσινjudgmentN3I ASF · κρίσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σωτηρίασωτηριαN1A NSF · σωτηρίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσωτηρία: meaning 'σωτηρια'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μακρὰνfar offD · μακράνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμακρὰν: meaning 'far off'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀφέστηκενιστημι αποVXI XAI3S · ἵστημι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'ιστημι απο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀφ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀφ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
12
πολλὴ γὰρ ἡμῶν ἡ ἀνομία ἐναντίον σου καὶ αἱ ἁμαρτίαι ἡμῶν ἀντέστησαν ἡμῖν αἱ γὰρ ἀνομίαι ἡμῶν ἐν ἡμῖν καὶ τὰ ἀδικήματα ἡμῶν ἔγνωμεν
For our lawlessness is great before you, and our sins have risen up against us; our lawless deeds are with us, and we know our wrongs.
The lament becomes explicit confession, acknowledging the abundance of guilt before God.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
πολλὴπολυςA1 NSF · πολύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπολύς: meaning 'πολυς'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνομίαlawlessnessN1A NSF · ἀνομίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνομία: meaning 'lawlessness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐναντίονεναντιονP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐναντίον: meaning 'εναντιον'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτίαιsinN1A NPF · ἁμαρτίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀντέστησανιστημι αντιVHI AAI3P · ἵστημι + ἀντιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι + ἀντι: meaning 'ιστημι αντι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμῖνto usRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἡμῖν: meaning 'to us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνομίαιanomiaN1A NPF · ἀνομίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνομία: meaning 'anomia'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡμῖνto usRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἡμῖν: meaning 'to us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδικήματααδικημαN3M APN · ἀδίκημαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀδίκημα: meaning 'αδικημα'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔγνωμενγιγνωσκωVZI AAI1P · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγιγνώσκω: meaning 'γιγνωσκω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
13
ἠσεβήσαμεν καὶ ἐψευσάμεθα καὶ ἀπέστημεν ἀπὸ ὄπισθεν τοῦ θεοῦ ἡμῶν ἐλαλήσαμεν ἄδικα καὶ ἠπειθήσαμεν ἐκύομεν καὶ ἐμελετήσαμεν ἀπὸ καρδίας ἡμῶν λόγους ἀδίκους
We acted impiously, lied, and turned back from following our God; we spoke unjust things and disobeyed; we conceived and pondered unjust words from our heart.
Specific acts of rebellion, falsehood, and inner plotting are confessed in detail.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ἠσεβήσαμενασεβεωVAI AAI1P · ἀσεβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀσεβέω: meaning 'ασεβεω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐψευσάμεθαψευδωVAI AMI1P · ψεύδωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristψεύδω: meaning 'ψευδω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστημενιστημι αποVHI AAI1P · ἵστημι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'ιστημι απο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὄπισθενbehindD · ὄπισθενadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὄπισθεν: meaning 'behind'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐλαλήσαμενspeakVAI AAI1P · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄδικαunjustA1B APN · ἄδικοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄδικος: meaning 'unjust'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠπειθήσαμεναπειθεωVAI AAI1P · ἀπειθέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀπειθέω: meaning 'απειθεω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκύομενconceiveVAI AAI1P · κύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκύω: meaning 'conceive'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμελετήσαμενmeditateVAI AAI1P · μελετάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμελετάω: meaning 'meditate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καρδίαςheartN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λόγουςwordN2 APM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀδίκουςunjustA1B APM · ἄδικοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄδικος: meaning 'unjust'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
14
καὶ ἀπεστήσαμεν ὀπίσω τὴν κρίσιν καὶ ἡ δικαιοσύνη μακρὰν ἀφέστηκεν ὅτι καταναλώθη ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτῶν ἡ ἀλήθεια καὶ δι' εὐθείας οὐκ ἠδύναντο διελθεῖν
We pushed judgment backward, and righteousness has stood far away, because truth has been consumed in their ways and they were unable to pass through by a straight path.
Public justice collapses because truth has no place in the people's actual paths.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπεστήσαμενιστημι αποVAI AAI1P · ἵστημι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'ιστημι απο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀπίσωοπισωD · ὀπίσωadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὀπίσω: meaning 'οπισω'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίσινjudgmentN3I ASF · κρίσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δικαιοσύνηrighteousnessN1 NSF · δικαιοσύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μακρὰνfar offD · μακράνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμακρὰν: meaning 'far off'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀφέστηκενιστημι αποVXI XAI3S · ἵστημι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'ιστημι απο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταναλώθηαλισκω κατα αναVC API3S · ἁλίσκω + κατα + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἁλίσκω + κατα + ἀνα: meaning 'αλισκω κατα ανα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδοῖςwayN2 DPF · ὁδόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀλήθειαtruthN1A NSF · ἀλήθειαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀλήθεια: meaning 'truth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δι'through / because ofP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδι': meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
εὐθείαςstraightA3U GSF · εὐθύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationεὐθύς: meaning 'straight'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠδύναντοbe ableV6I IMI3P · δύναμαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδύναμαι: meaning 'be able'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διελθεῖνερχομαι διαVB AAN · ἔρχομαι + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἔρχομαι + δια: meaning 'ερχομαι δια'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
15
καὶ ἡ ἀλήθεια ἦρται καὶ μετέστησαν τὴν διάνοιαν τοῦ συνιέναι καὶ εἶδεν κύριος καὶ οὐκ ἤρεσεν αὐτῷ ὅτι οὐκ ἦν κρίσις
Truth has been taken away, and they changed their understanding so as not to comprehend; the Lord saw, and it was displeasing to him that there was no judgment.
The collapse of truth reaches a climax and draws the Lord's displeased gaze.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀλήθειαtruthN1A NSF · ἀλήθειαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀλήθεια: meaning 'truth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἦρταιliftVX XPI3S · αἴρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαἴρω: meaning 'lift'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετέστησανιστημι μεταVHI AAI3P · ἵστημι + μεταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι + μετα: meaning 'ιστημι μετα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διάνοιανmindN1A ASF · διάνοιαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδιάνοια: meaning 'mind'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦof theRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συνιέναιιημι συνV7 PAN · ἵημι + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἵημι + συν: meaning 'ιημι συν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶδενseeVBI AAI3S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤρεσεναρεσκωVAI AAI3S · ἀρέσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀρέσκω: meaning 'αρεσκω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνbeV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'be'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κρίσιςjudgmentN3I NSF · κρίσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
16
καὶ εἶδεν καὶ οὐκ ἦν ἀνήρ καὶ κατενόησεν καὶ οὐκ ἦν ὁ ἀντιλημψόμενος καὶ ἠμύνατο αὐτοὺς τῷ βραχίονι αὐτοῦ καὶ τῇ ἐλεημοσύνῃ ἐστηρίσατο
He saw that there was no man, and he perceived that there was no one to help; so his own arm defended them, and his mercy upheld him.
Because no human deliverer appears, the Lord himself steps in to save.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶδενseeVBI AAI3S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνbeV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'be'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνήρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατενόησεννοεω καταVAI AAI3S · νοέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristνοέω + κατα: meaning 'νοεω κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνbeV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'be'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀντιλημψόμενοςφμπνσμ λαμβανω αντιVF · φμπνσμ λαμβάνω + ἀντιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφμπνσμ λαμβάνω + ἀντι: meaning 'φμπνσμ λαμβανω αντι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠμύνατοαμυωVAI AMI3S · ἀμύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀμύω: meaning 'αμυω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςhe / she / itRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τῷto theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βραχίονιβραχίωνN3N DSM · βραχίωνdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceβραχίων: meaning 'βραχίων'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλεημοσύνῃmercyN1 DSF · ἐλεημοσύνηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐλεημοσύνη: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐστηρίσατοupholdVAI AMI3S · στηρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστηρίζω: meaning 'uphold'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
17
καὶ ἐνεδύσατο δικαιοσύνην ὡς θώρακα καὶ περιέθετο περικεφαλαίαν σωτηρίου ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς καὶ περιεβάλετο ἱμάτιον ἐκδικήσεως καὶ τὸ περιβόλαιον
He put on righteousness like a breastplate and placed the helmet of salvation upon his head; he clothed himself with a garment of vengeance and his mantle.
The Lord is portrayed as a divine warrior arming himself for intervention.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνεδύσατοδυω ενVAI AMI3S · δύω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδύω + ἐν: meaning 'δυω εν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δικαιοσύνηνrighteousnessN1 ASF · δικαιοσύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὡςasX · ὡςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θώρακαbreastplateN3K APM · θώραξaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθώραξ: meaning 'breastplate'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περιέθετοτιθημι περιVEI AMI3S · τίθημι + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτίθημι + περι: meaning 'τιθημι περι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
περικεφαλαίανhelmetN1A ASF · περικεφαλαίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπερικεφαλαία: meaning 'helmet'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σωτηρίουsalvationN2N GSN · σωτήριονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσωτήριον: meaning 'salvation'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλῆςheadN1 GSF · κεφαλήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκεφαλή: meaning 'head'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περιεβάλετοput on, clotheVBI AMI3S · βάλλω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβάλλω + περι: meaning 'put on, clothe'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἱμάτιονgarmentN2N ASN · ἱμάτιονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἱμάτιον: meaning 'garment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐκδικήσεωςεκδικησιςN3I GSF · ἐκδίκησιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐκδίκησις: meaning 'εκδικησις'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
περιβόλαιονcoveringN2N ASN · περιβόλαιονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπεριβόλαιον: meaning 'covering'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
18
ὡς ἀνταποδώσων ἀνταπόδοσιν ὄνειδος τοῖς ὑπεναντίοις
As one about to repay, he will render reproach to his adversaries.
His intervention includes measured repayment against opponents.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνταποδώσωνφαπνσμ διδωμι αντι αποVF · φαπνσμ δίδωμι + ἀντι ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφαπνσμ δίδωμι + ἀντι ἀπο: meaning 'φαπνσμ διδωμι αντι απο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνταπόδοσινrepaymentN3I ASF · ἀνταπόδοσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνταπόδοσις: meaning 'repayment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὄνειδοςreproachN3E ASN · ὄνειδοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄνειδος: meaning 'reproach'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπεναντίοιςadversaryA1A DPM · ὑπεναντίοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὑπεναντίος: meaning 'adversary'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
19
καὶ φοβηθήσονται οἱ ἀπὸ δυσμῶν τὸ ὄνομα κυρίου καὶ οἱ ἀπ' ἀνατολῶν ἡλίου τὸ ὄνομα τὸ ἔνδοξον ἥξει γὰρ ὡς ποταμὸς βίαιος ἡ ὀργὴ παρὰ κυρίου ἥξει μετὰ θυμοῦ
Those from the west will fear the name of the Lord, and those from the rising of the sun his glorious name; for his wrath will come like a violent river, coming from the Lord with fury.
The scope of the Lord's action becomes worldwide from west to east.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φοβηθήσονταιfearVC FPI3P · φοβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureφοβέω: meaning 'fear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δυσμῶνwestN1 GPF · δυσμήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδυσμή: meaning 'west'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομαnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀνατολῶνeast / risingN1 GPF · ἀνατολήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνατολή: meaning 'east'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἡλίουηλιοςN2 GSM · ἥλιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἥλιος: meaning 'ηλιος'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομαnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔνδοξονdistinguishedA1B ASM · ἔνδοξοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔνδοξος: meaning 'distinguished'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἥξειcome / arriveVF FAI3S · ἥκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἥκω: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasX · ὡςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποταμὸςriverN2 NSM · ποταμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceποταμός: meaning 'river'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
βίαιοςviolentA1A NSM · βίαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβίαιος: meaning 'violent'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀργὴwrathN1 NSF · ὀργήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀργή: meaning 'wrath'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
παρὰfrom / besideP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἥξειcome / arriveVF FAI3S · ἥκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἥκω: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θυμοῦfuryN2 GSM · θυμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθυμός: meaning 'fury'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
20
καὶ ἥξει ἕνεκεν Σιων ὁ ῥυόμενος καὶ ἀποστρέψει ἀσεβείας ἀπὸ Ιακωβ
And the deliverer will come for Zion and will turn away ungodliness from Jacob.
Judgment gives way to the promise of a redeemer for Zion and Jacob.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἥξειcome / arriveVF FAI3S · ἥκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἥκω: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἕνεκενfor the sake ofP · ἕνεκενpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕνεκεν: meaning 'for the sake of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΣιωνσιωνN GSF · Σιωνnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΣιων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥυόμενοςπμπνσμ ρυομαιVP · πμπνσμ ῥύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ ῥύομαι: meaning 'πμπνσμ ρυομαι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποστρέψειto returnVF FAI3S · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'to return'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀσεβείαςungodlinessN1A GSF · ἀσέβειαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσέβεια: meaning 'ungodliness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΙακωβJacobN GSM · Ἰακώβnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙακωβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
21
καὶ αὕτη αὐτοῖς ἡ παρ' ἐμοῦ διαθήκη εἶπεν κύριος τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἐμόν ὅ ἐστιν ἐπὶ σοί καὶ τὰ ῥήματα ἃ ἔδωκα εἰς τὸ στόμα σου οὐ μὴ ἐκλίπῃ ἐκ τοῦ στόματός σου καὶ ἐκ τοῦ στόματος τοῦ σπέρματός σου εἶπεν γὰρ κύριος ἀπὸ τοῦ νῦν καὶ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα
And this is the covenant from me with them, says the Lord: my Spirit that is upon you and the words that I placed in your mouth shall never fail from your mouth nor from the mouth of your offspring, says the Lord, from now and forever.
The chapter closes by fixing redemption in an enduring covenant of Spirit and word.
Word-by-word analysis· 50 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὕτηthisRD NSF · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὕτη: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
αὐτοῖςto themRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'to them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρ'from / besideP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐμοῦof meRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἐμοῦ: meaning 'of me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διαθήκηcovenantN1 NSF · διαθήκηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδιαθήκη: meaning 'covenant'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἶπενsayVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πνεῦμαSpiritN3M NSN · πνεῦμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπνεῦμα: meaning 'Spirit'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐμόνmyA1 NSN · ἐμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐμός: meaning 'my'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὅwho / whichRR NSN · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὅ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοίyouRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοί: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥήματαwordsN3M NPN · ῥῆμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceῥῆμα: meaning 'words'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἃwho / whichRR APN · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἃ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔδωκαgiveVAI AAI1S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στόμαmouthN3M ASN · στόμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκλίπῃfailVB AAS3S · λείπω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyλείπω + ἐκ: meaning 'fail'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκout ofP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'out of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦof theRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στόματόςmouthN3M GSN · στόμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκout ofP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'out of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦof theRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στόματοςmouthN3M GSN · στόμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦof theRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπέρματόςoffspringN3M GSN · σπέρμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσπέρμα: meaning 'offspring'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἶπενsayVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νῦνnowD · νῦνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναage / foreverN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.