independentparticipialrelativepurposecausecomparativecontentconditionalphrase modifierdashed = verbless / suspended
Flush-left = a main (independent) clause. Each dependent line begins directly beneath the word it attaches to in the line above — the anchor word is dotted-underlined, and lights up when you hover its dependent clause; each tag also names the attachment. A dashed border marks verbless, elliptical, or suspended lines. Where a long sentence's staircase runs wider than the page, the diagram scrolls sideways. (In print, or without JavaScript, lines fall back to stepped indent columns.)
The man in the Ausitis country 1:1–5
1
ἄνθρωπός τις ἦν ἐν χώρᾳ τῇ Αυσίτιδιindependent — ἄνθρωπός τις ἦν — the Greek keeps the storybook opening; Uz becomes ἡ Αὐσῖτις
ᾧ ὄνομα Ιωβrelative — dative of possession — ᾧ ὄνομα Ιωβ
καὶ ἦν ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἐκεῖνος ἀληθινός ἄμεμπτος δίκαιος θεοσεβήςindependent — the OG expands the Hebrew's four epithets to its own four — ἀληθινός, ἄμεμπτος, δίκαιος, θεοσεβής
ἀπεχόμενος ἀπὸ παντὸς πονηροῦ πράγματοςparticipial — ἀπεχόμενος — 'turning from evil' becomes total abstention, ἀπὸ παντὸς πονηροῦ πράγματος
2
ἐγένοντο δὲ αὐτῷ υἱοὶ ἑπτὰ καὶ θυγατέρες τρεῖςindependent — seven and three — the complete house
3
καὶ ἦν τὰ κτήνη αὐτοῦ πρόβατα ἑπτακισχίλια κάμηλοι τρισχίλιαι ζεύγη βοῶν πεντακόσια ὄνοι θήλειαι νομάδες πεντακόσιαι καὶ ὑπηρεσία πολλὴ σφόδραindependent — ὑπηρεσία πολλὴ σφόδρα — the household staff of a grandee
καὶ ἔργα μεγάλα ἦν αὐτῷ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆςindependent — ἔργα μεγάλα — an OG PLUS: the Greek adds Job's great estates
καὶ ἦν ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἐκεῖνος εὐγενὴς τῶν ἀφ' ἡλίου ἀνατολῶνindependent — εὐγενής — 'greatest of the sons of the east' becomes NOBLEST: Greek rank for Hebrew wealth
4
συμπορευόμενοι δὲ οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ πρὸς ἀλλήλουςparticipial — preposed participle — συμπορευόμενοι, leaning on the main verb below
ἐποιοῦσαν πότον καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέρανindependent — καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν — the OG makes the feasting DAILY
συμπαραλαμβάνοντες ἅμα καὶ τὰς τρεῖς ἀδελφὰς αὐτῶνparticipial — συμπαραλαμβάνοντες — the sisters gathered in
ἐσθίειν καὶ πίνειν μετ' αὐτῶνphrase modifier — the feast's whole agenda, in two infinitives
5
καὶ ὡς ἂν συνετελέσθησαν αἱ ἡμέραι τοῦ πότουconditional — ὡς ἄν + aorist — the iterative frame, leaning forward
ἀπέστελλεν Ιωβindependent — the father acts from a distance
καὶ ἐκαθάριζεν αὐτοὺςindependent — ἐκαθάριζεν — the consecration become purification
ἀνιστάμενος τὸ πρωὶparticipial — ἀνιστάμενος — preposed, leaning on the offering below
καὶ προσέφερεν περὶ αὐτῶν θυσίας κατὰ τὸν ἀριθμὸν αὐτῶνindependent — the imperfects of habit — προσέφερεν
καὶ μόσχον ἕνα περὶ ἁμαρτίας περὶ τῶν ψυχῶν αὐτῶνphrase modifier — μόσχον ἕνα περὶ ἁμαρτίας — an OG PLUS: a sin-offering the Hebrew does not name, in the vocabulary of Leviticus
ἔλεγεν γὰρ Ιωβcause — the motive clause
μήποτε οἱ υἱοί μου ἐν τῇ διανοίᾳ αὐτῶν κακὰ ἐνενόησαν πρὸς θεόνcontent — κακὰ ἐνενόησαν — the OG unwraps the Hebrew's euphemistic 'blessed' into plain 'thought evil'
οὕτως οὖν ἐποίει Ιωβ πάσας τὰς ἡμέραςindependent — the exposition closes on habit
The first council: the Lord and the devil 1:6–12
6
καὶ ὡς ἐγένετο ἡ ἡμέρα αὕτηconditional — ὡς ἐγένετο ἡ ἡμέρα αὕτη — the scene-shift, leaning forward
καὶ ἰδοὺ ἦλθον οἱ ἄγγελοι τοῦ θεοῦindependent — οἱ ἄγγελοι τοῦ θεοῦ — the 'sons of God' become ANGELS in the Greek
παραστῆναι ἐνώπιον τοῦ κυρίουpurpose — παραστῆναι — courtiers in attendance
καὶ ὁ διάβολος ἦλθεν μετ' αὐτῶνindependent — ὁ διάβολος — the satan's title rendered 'the SLANDERER': the word that became 'devil'
7
καὶ εἶπεν ὁ κύριος τῷ διαβόλῳindependent — the dialogue opens from the throne
πόθεν παραγέγοναςcontent — πόθεν παραγέγονας — the court's opening formality
καὶ ἀποκριθεὶς ὁ διάβολος τῷ κυρίῳ εἶπενindependent — ἀποκριθείς — the answering formula
περιελθὼν τὴν γῆν καὶ ἐμπεριπατήσας τὴν ὑπ' οὐρανὸν πάρειμιcontent — τὴν ὑπ' οὐρανόν — the patrol report, with the Greek's cosmological idiom
8
καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ ὁ κύριοςindependent — the Lord raises the case
προσέσχες τῇ διανοίᾳ σου κατὰ τοῦ παιδός μου Ιωβcontent — τοῦ παιδός μου — 'my servant/child': the honorific
ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν κατ' αὐτὸν τῶν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆςcause — the incomparability formula
ἄνθρωπος ἄμεμπτος ἀληθινός θεοσεβήςphrase modifier — v. 1's epithets repeated — now in the Lord's own mouth
ἀπεχόμενος ἀπὸ παντὸς πονηροῦ πράγματοςparticipial — the abstention clause completes the verdict, verbatim from v. 1
9
ἀπεκρίθη δὲ ὁ διάβολος καὶ εἶπεν ἐναντίον τοῦ κυρίουindependent — the wager begins
μὴ δωρεὰν σέβεται Ιωβ τὸν θεόνcontent — μὴ δωρεάν — 'gratis?': the book's central question in one adverb
10
οὐ σὺ περιέφραξας τὰ ἔξω αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰ ἔσω τῆς οἰκίας αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰ ἔξω πάντων τῶν ὄντων αὐτῷ κύκλῳcontent — περιέφραξας — the hedge, itemized inside and out by the Greek
τὰ ἔργα τῶν χειρῶν αὐτοῦ εὐλόγησαςcontent — εὐλόγησας — blessing in its true sense, on the accuser's lips
καὶ τὰ κτήνη αὐτοῦ πολλὰ ἐποίησας ἐπὶ τῆς γῆςcontent — the herds multiplied by God's own doing
11
ἀλλὰ ἀπόστειλον τὴν χεῖρά σουcontent — ἀλλά — the wager's pivot
καὶ ἅψαι πάντων ὧν ἔχειcontent — ἅψαι — a mere touch
εἰ μὴν εἰς πρόσωπόν σε εὐλογήσειcontent — εἰ μήν — the oath formula; the Greek says 'bless' where it means the curse
12
τότε εἶπεν ὁ κύριος τῷ διαβόλῳindependent — the wager accepted
ἰδοὺ πάντα ὅσα ἔστιν αὐτῷ δίδωμι ἐν τῇ χειρί σουcontent — δίδωμι — present tense: the handing-over happens as he speaks
ἀλλὰ αὐτοῦ μὴ ἅψῃcontent — the limit — the devil's own verb bounded
καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ὁ διάβολος παρὰ τοῦ κυρίουindependent — the council adjourns
The four blows 1:13–19
13
καὶ ἦν ὡς ἡ ἡμέρα αὕτηindependent — the earth-side of the same day
οἱ υἱοὶ Ιωβ καὶ αἱ θυγατέρες αὐτοῦ ἔπινον οἶνον ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτῶν τοῦ πρεσβυτέρουindependent — the feast in progress as the blow falls
14
καὶ ἰδοὺ ἄγγελος ἦλθεν πρὸς Ιωβ καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷindependent — the first of four; ἰδού marks each arrival
τὰ ζεύγη τῶν βοῶν ἠροτρίαcontent — ordinary work, the instant before
καὶ αἱ θήλειαι ὄνοι ἐβόσκοντο ἐχόμεναι αὐτῶνcontent — ἐχόμεναι αὐτῶν — close at hand
15
καὶ ἐλθόντες οἱ αἰχμαλωτεύοντες ᾐχμαλώτευσαν αὐτὰςcontent — οἱ αἰχμαλωτεύοντες — the OG generalizes the Sabeans to 'the captors'
καὶ τοὺς παῖδας ἀπέκτειναν ἐν μαχαίραιςcontent — ἐν μαχαίραις — the first blood
σωθεὶς δὲ ἐγὼ μόνος ἦλθονcontent — σωθεὶς δὲ ἐγὼ μόνος — the survivor formula, first sounding
τοῦ ἀπαγγεῖλαί σοιpurpose — the survivor exists to carry the news
16
ἔτι τούτου λαλοῦντοςconditional — ἔτι τούτου λαλοῦντος — genitive absolute: the relay formula
ἦλθεν ἕτερος ἄγγελος καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς Ιωβindependent — the second messenger
πῦρ ἔπεσεν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦcontent — the second blow, from the sky — the blows alternate human and heavenly
καὶ κατέκαυσεν τὰ πρόβαταcontent — the seven thousand of v. 3
καὶ τοὺς ποιμένας κατέφαγεν ὁμοίωςcontent — κατέφαγεν — the fire eats
καὶ σωθεὶς ἐγὼ μόνος ἦλθονcontent — the formula again
τοῦ ἀπαγγεῖλαί σοιpurpose
17
ἔτι τούτου λαλοῦντοςconditional — the relay formula, third time
ἦλθεν ἕτερος ἄγγελος καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς Ιωβindependent — the third messenger
οἱ ἱππεῖς ἐποίησαν ἡμῖν κεφαλὰς τρεῖςcontent — οἱ ἱππεῖς — the Chaldeans become CAVALRY in the Greek
καὶ ἐκύκλωσαν τὰς καμήλους καὶ ᾐχμαλώτευσαν αὐτὰςcontent — the three thousand camels gone
καὶ τοὺς παῖδας ἀπέκτειναν ἐν μαχαίραιςcontent — the reports rhyme, blow by blow
ἐσώθην δὲ ἐγὼ μόνος καὶ ἦλθονcontent
τοῦ ἀπαγγεῖλαί σοιpurpose
18
ἔτι τούτου λαλοῦντοςconditional — the relay formula, fourth time
ἄλλος ἄγγελος ἔρχεται λέγων τῷ Ιωβindependent — ἔρχεται — the historic present: the last messenger arrives before our eyes
τῶν υἱῶν σου καὶ τῶν θυγατέρων σου ἐσθιόντων καὶ πινόντων παρὰ τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτῶν τῷ πρεσβυτέρῳconditional — genitive absolute — the idyll of v. 13 repeated in the messenger's mouth, leaning on what comes
19
ἐξαίφνης πνεῦμα μέγα ἐπῆλθεν ἐκ τῆς ἐρήμουcontent — ἐξαίφνης — the fourth blow, from the sky
καὶ ἥψατο τῶν τεσσάρων γωνιῶν τῆς οἰκίαςcontent — ἥψατο — the devil's verb ('touch', vv. 11–12) now literal on the house
καὶ ἔπεσεν ἡ οἰκία ἐπὶ τὰ παιδία σου καὶ ἐτελεύτησανcontent — τὰ παιδία σου — the worst said plainly
ἐσώθην δὲ ἐγὼ μόνος καὶ ἦλθονcontent — the formula's final sounding
τοῦ ἀπαγγεῖλαί σοιpurpose
The Lord gave, the Lord has taken away 1:20–22
20
οὕτως ἀναστὰς Ιωβparticipial — ἀναστάς — preposed participle, leaning on the verbs of grief
διέρρηξεν τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦindependent — διέρρηξεν — the mourning rite
καὶ ἐκείρατο τὴν κόμην τῆς κεφαλῆς αὐτοῦindependent — the second rite
καὶ πεσὼν χαμαὶparticipial — πεσὼν χαμαί — preposed, leaning on the worship
προσεκύνησενindependent — προσεκύνησεν — not the curse the devil promised, but prostration
καὶ εἶπενindependent — the confession
21
αὐτὸς γυμνὸς ἐξῆλθον ἐκ κοιλίας μητρός μουcontent — αὐτὸς γυμνός — the emphatic self, stripped
γυμνὸς καὶ ἀπελεύσομαι ἐκεῖcontent — ἐκεῖ — 'there': the womb become the earth
ὁ κύριος ἔδωκενcontent — ὁ κύριος ἔδωκεν
ὁ κύριος ἀφείλατοcontent — ἀφείλατο — the same hand in both clauses
ὡς τῷ κυρίῳ ἔδοξενcomparative — ὡς τῷ κυρίῳ ἔδοξεν — an OG PLUS with a long liturgical afterlife; leaning forward
οὕτως καὶ ἐγένετοcontent — οὕτως καὶ ἐγένετο — the plus completed: what happened is what pleased God
εἴη τὸ ὄνομα κυρίου εὐλογημένονcontent — εὐλογημένον — the true blessing, where the devil predicted its opposite: the wager lost
22
ἐν τούτοις πᾶσιν τοῖς συμβεβηκόσιν αὐτῷ οὐδὲν ἥμαρτεν Ιωβ ἐναντίον τοῦ κυρίουindependent — τοῖς συμβεβηκόσιν — the OG's summarizing plus: 'that befell him'
καὶ οὐκ ἔδωκεν ἀφροσύνην τῷ θεῷindependent — ἀφροσύνην — the Hebrew's rare תִּפְלָה rendered 'folly'
Analysis. Old Greek Job 1, clause by clause. The OG tells the same two-stage story — earth, heaven, earth — but with its own accent at every turn: the sons of God are ANGELS, the satan is ὁ διάβολος ('the slanderer' — the word that became 'devil'), Job's greatness is εὐγένεια (noble birth), and the translator adds a sin-offering calf in v. 5, unwraps the Hebrew's euphemistic 'blessed' into plain 'thought evil,' and crowns Job's confession with the plus that entered the liturgy: 'as it seemed good to the Lord, so also it came to pass.' The narrative mainline runs flush-left; every speech hangs under its verb of saying, and the four messenger reports share one engineered shape — report, the survivor formula, and the purpose tail 'to report to you' — with the genitive-absolute relay formula ('while this one was still speaking') leaning forward between blows.