1
σαλπίσατε σάλπιγγι ἐν Σιων κηρύξατε ἐν ὄρει ἁγίῳ μου καὶ συγχυθήτωσαν πάντες οἱ κατοικοῦντες τὴν γῆν διότι πάρεστιν ἡμέρα κυρίου ὅτι ἐγγύς
Blow the trumpet in Zion; proclaim on my holy mountain. Let all who dwell in the land be confounded, because the day of the Lord is present, because it is near.
The chapter opens with liturgical alarm. Zion hears the trumpet because the day of the Lord is no abstraction; it is already pressing near upon the land.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
σαλπίσατεσαλπίζωVA AAD2P · σαλπίζωverbal form expressing command, request, or exhortation→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeσαλπίζω: meaning 'σαλπίζω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form expressing command, request, or exhortation.
σάλπιγγιtrumpetN3G DSF · σάλπιγξdative nominal marking sphere, instrument, recipient, or reference→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationσάλπιγξ: meaning 'trumpet'; it serves as dative nominal marking sphere, instrument, recipient, or reference.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΣιωνZionN DSM · Σιωνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationΣιων: meaning 'Zion'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κηρύξατεproclaimVA AAD2P · κηρύσσωsecond imperative of the command→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationκηρύσσω: meaning 'proclaim'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as second imperative of the command.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ὄρειhill country / mountainN3E DSN · ὄροςcommon noun within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationὄρος: meaning 'hill country'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἁγίῳholyA1A DSN · ἅγιοςadjectival modifier→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἅγιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as adjectival modifier.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συγχυθήτωσανlet ... be confoundedVC APD3P · χέω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationχέω + συν: meaning 'let ... be confounded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦντεςdwellingV2 · παπνπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple identifying the residence of the scribal families→ present participle of residenceπαπνπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle identifying the residence of the scribal families.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆcommon noun within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάρεστιν+ paraV9 PAI3S · εἰμί + παραfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ present verbal form presenting ongoing or immediate actionεἰμί + παρα: meaning '+ para'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἡμέραdayN1A NSF · ἡμέραnominative substantive functioning within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning within the clause.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγγύςnearD · ἐγγύςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἐγγύς: meaning 'near'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
2
ἡμέρα σκότους καὶ γνόφου ἡμέρα νεφέλης καὶ ὁμίχλης ὡς ὄρθρος χυθήσεται ἐπὶ τὰ ὄρη λαὸς πολὺς καὶ ἰσχυρός ὅμοιος αὐτῷ οὐ γέγονεν ἀπὸ τοῦ αἰῶνος καὶ μετ' αὐτὸν οὐ προστεθήσεται ἕως ἐτῶν εἰς γενεὰς γενεῶν
A day of darkness and gloom, a day of cloud and thick mist. Like dawn it will be poured out upon the mountains: a great and mighty people; none like it has come from of old, and after it none shall be added for years through generation upon generation.
The day is expanded through darkness imagery and through the portrait of an unprecedented host. Dawn itself becomes threatening rather than hopeful as it spreads over the mountains.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
ἡμέραdayN1A NSF · ἡμέραnominative substantive functioning within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning within the clause.
σκότουςdarknessN3E GSN · σκότοςhead noun within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationσκότος: meaning 'darkness'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γνόφουgloomN2 GSM · γνόφοςhead noun within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationγνόφος: meaning 'gloom'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἡμέραdayN1A NSF · ἡμέραnominative substantive functioning within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning within the clause.
νεφέληςnephelesN1 GSF · νεφέληnominal term functioning in a gen relation→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationνεφέλη: meaning 'nepheles'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a gen relation.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁμίχληςof thick mistN1 GSF · ὁμίχληgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationὁμίχλη: meaning 'of thick mist'; it serves as genitive dependent within the phrase.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ὄρθροςdawn / daybreakN2 NSM · ὄρθροςsubject of ἀνέβαινεν→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationὄρθρος: meaning 'dawn'; it serves as subject of ἀνέβαινεν.
χυθήσεταιwill be poured outVC FPI3S · χέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationχέω: meaning 'will be poured out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄρηmountainN3E APN · ὄροςaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationὄρος: meaning 'mountain'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause.
λαὸςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
πολὺςmuchA1P NSM · πολύςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationπολύς: meaning 'much'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰσχυρόςmightyA1A NSM · ἰσχυρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἰσχυρός: meaning 'mighty'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὅμοιοςlikeA1A NSM · ὅμοιοςpredicate adjective (with ἐγενήθη)→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationὅμοιος: meaning 'like'; it serves as predicate adjective (with ἐγενήθη).
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
γέγονενhas occurred / come aboutVX XAI3S · γίγνομαιverb of indirect question (perfect of result)→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationγίγνομαι: meaning 'has occurred'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of indirect question (perfect of result).
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶνοςage / foreverN3W GSM · αἰώνgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
προστεθήσεταιwill continueVC FPI3S · τίθημι + προςfinite verbal form advancing the clause action or assertion→ futureτίθημι + προς: meaning 'will continue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal form advancing the clause action or assertion.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ἐτῶνyearsN3E GPN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
γενεὰςgenerationsN1A APF · γενεάnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationγενεά: meaning 'generations'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
γενεῶνgenerationN1A GPF · γενεάhead noun or nominal element within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationγενεά: meaning 'generation'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
3
τὰ ἔμπροσθεν αὐτοῦ πῦρ ἀναλίσκον καὶ τὰ ὀπίσω αὐτοῦ ἀναπτομένη φλόξ ὡς παράδεισος τρυφῆς ἡ γῆ πρὸ προσώπου αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰ ὄπισθεν αὐτοῦ πεδίον ἀφανισμοῦ καὶ ἀνασῳζόμενος οὐκ ἔσται αὐτῷ
Before it a consuming fire, and behind it a kindling flame. Before its face the land is like a garden of delight, and behind it a plain of desolation, and there will be no one escaping it.
The invader is described through fire and devastation. Fertile land becomes wilderness in its wake, and the line stresses the totality of the advance.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔμπροσθενbeforeP · ἔμπροσθενpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἔμπροσθεν: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
πῦρfireN3 NSN · πῦρnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
ἀναλίσκονconsumingV1 · παπνσν ἁλίσκω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationπαπνσν ἁλίσκω + ἀνα: meaning 'consuming'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀπίσωafter / behindP · ὀπίσωpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionὀπίσω: meaning 'after'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἀναπτομένηkindlingV1 · πμπνσφ ἅπτω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationπμπνσφ ἅπτω + ἀνα: meaning 'kindling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φλόξflameN3G NSF · φλόξnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationφλόξ: meaning 'flame'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
παράδεισοςparadise / gardenN2 NSM · παράδεισοςnominative element functioning within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationπαράδεισος: meaning 'paradise'; it serves as nominative element functioning within the clause.
τρυφῆςof delightN1 GSF · τρυφήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationτρυφή: meaning 'of delight'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆlandN1 NSF · γῆnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition taking a complement within the phrase→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationπρὸ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition taking a complement within the phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄπισθενbehindD · ὄπισθενsubstantivized adverb indicating the back side→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationὄπισθεν: meaning 'behind'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
πεδίονplainN2N NSN · πεδίονnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationπεδίον: meaning 'plain'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
ἀφανισμοῦannihilationN2 GSM · ἀφανισμόςgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἀφανισμός: meaning 'annihilation'; it serves as genitive dependent within the phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνασῳζόμενοςescapingV1 · πμπνσμ σώζω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationπμπνσμ σώζω + ἀνα: meaning 'escaping'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἔσταιbeV9 FMI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
4
ὡς ὅρασις ἵππων ἡ ὄψις αὐτῶν καὶ ὡς ἱππεῖς οὕτως καταδιώξονται
Their appearance is like the appearance of horses, and like horsemen so they will pursue.
The prophet turns to simile. The host moves with the speed and appearance of cavalry, making the threat visually immediate.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ὅρασιςvisionN3I NSF · ὅρασιςnominal element functioning within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationὅρασις: meaning 'vision'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἵππωνhorseN2 GPM · ἵπποςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἵππος: meaning 'horse'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄψιςappearanceN3I NSF · ὄψιςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationὄψις: meaning 'appearance'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἱππεῖςippeysN3V NPM · ἱππεύςSubject / head term→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἱππεύς: meaning 'ippeys'; it serves as Subject / head term.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
καταδιώξονταιwill pursueVF FMI3P · διώκω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationδιώκω + κατα: meaning 'will pursue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
5
ὡς φωνὴ ἁρμάτων ἐπὶ τὰς κορυφὰς τῶν ὀρέων ἐξαλοῦνται καὶ ὡς φωνὴ φλογὸς πυρὸς κατεσθιούσης καλάμην καὶ ὡς λαὸς πολὺς καὶ ἰσχυρὸς παρατασσόμενος εἰς πόλεμον
Like the sound of chariots over the mountain tops they will leap, and like the sound of a flame of fire devouring stubble, and like a great and mighty people drawn up for war.
Sound joins sight in the description. Chariots, flame, and disciplined troops merge into one overwhelming military image.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
φωνὴsoundN1 NSF · φωνήnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationφωνή: meaning 'sound'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
ἁρμάτωνchariotN3M GPN · ἅρμαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἅρμα: meaning 'chariot'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κορυφὰςpeaksN1 APF · κορυφήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationκορυφή: meaning 'peaks'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀρέωνmountainsN3E GPN · ὄροςGenitive modifier→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationὄρος: meaning 'mountains'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
ἐξαλοῦνταιwill leapVF2 FMI3P · ἅλλομαι + ἐκmain verb→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἅλλομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'will leap'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
φωνὴsoundN1 NSF · φωνήnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationφωνή: meaning 'sound'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
φλογὸςflameN3G GSF · φλόξgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationφλόξ: meaning 'flame'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
πυρὸςfireN3 GSM · πῦρdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
κατεσθιούσηςesthio kataV1 · παπγσφ ἐσθίω + καταverbal element advancing the action or state of the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationπαπγσφ ἐσθίω + κατα: meaning 'esthio kata'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element advancing the action or state of the clause.
καλάμηνtheN1 ASF · καλάμηaccusative nominal functioning as object or affected element→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationκαλάμη: meaning 'the'; it serves as accusative nominal functioning as object or affected element.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
λαὸςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
πολὺςmuchA1P NSM · πολύςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationπολύς: meaning 'much'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰσχυρὸςmightyA1A NSM · ἰσχυρόςpredicate adjective describing Judas's strength→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἰσχυρός: meaning 'mighty'; it serves as predicate adjective describing Judas's strength.
παρατασσόμενοςdrawn upV1 · πμπνσμ τάσσω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationπμπνσμ τάσσω + παρα: meaning 'drawn up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πόλεμονwarN2 ASM · πόλεμοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationπόλεμος: meaning 'war'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
6
ἀπὸ προσώπου αὐτοῦ συντριβήσονται λαοί πᾶν πρόσωπον ὡς πρόσκαυμα χύτρας
Before its face peoples will be crushed; every face will be like the scorching of a pot.
The effect on surrounding peoples is terror and bodily collapse. Human faces register the heat and shock of divine judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
συντριβήσονταιwas crushedVD FPI3P · τρίβω + συνmain verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aorist passiveτρίβω + συν: meaning 'was crushed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
λαοίpeopleN2 NPM · λαόςnominal element functioning within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause.
πᾶνallA3 NSN · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
πρόσωπονfaceN2N NSN · πρόσωπονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πρόσκαυμαblackeningN3M NSN · πρόσκαυμαnominal element functioning within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationπρόσκαυμα: meaning 'blackening'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause.
χύτραςpotN1A GSF · χύτραgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationχύτρα: meaning 'pot'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
7
ὡς μαχηταὶ δραμοῦνται καὶ ὡς ἄνδρες πολεμισταὶ ἀναβήσονται ἐπὶ τὰ τείχη καὶ ἕκαστος ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ αὐτοῦ πορεύσεται καὶ οὐ μὴ ἐκκλίνωσιν τὰς τρίβους αὐτῶν
Like fighters they will run, and like men of war they will climb the walls, and each will go on his own way, and they will certainly not turn aside from their paths.
The invaders are shown as perfectly ordered and relentless. Their disciplined motion heightens the sense that resistance is futile.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
μαχηταὶwarriorN1M NPM · μαχητήςnominative substantive functioning within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationμαχητής: meaning 'warrior'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning within the clause.
δραμοῦνταιthey shall runVF2 FMI3P · τρέχωverbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationτρέχω: meaning 'they shall run'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause forward.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἄνδρεςmanN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominal term functioning as a nominative term→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a nominative term.
πολεμισταὶwarriors / fighting menN1 NPM · πολεμιστήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationπολεμιστής: meaning 'warriors'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἀναβήσονταιwent upVF FMI3P · βαίνω + ἀναfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeβαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'went up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τείχηwallsN3E APN · τεῖχοςpredicate nominative (in simile)→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationτεῖχος: meaning 'walls'; it serves as predicate nominative (in simile).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἕκαστοςeachA1 NSM · ἕκαστοςnom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἕκαστος: meaning 'each'; it serves as nom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδῷwayN2 DSF · ὁδόςarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationὁδῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
πορεύσεταιgoVF FMI3S · πορεύομαιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form presenting the action as forthcomingπορεύομαι: meaning 'go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐκκλίνωσινturn asideV1 PAS3P · κλίνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationκλίνω + ἐκ: meaning 'turn aside'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρίβουςpathsN2 APF · τρίβοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationτρίβος: meaning 'paths'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
8
καὶ ἕκαστος ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἀφέξεται καταβαρυνόμενοι ἐν τοῖς ὅπλοις αὐτῶν πορεύσονται καὶ ἐν τοῖς βέλεσιν αὐτῶν πεσοῦνται καὶ οὐ μὴ συντελεσθῶσιν
And each from his brother will not hold back; weighed down in their weapons they will march, and they will fall among their missiles, and they will by no means be destroyed.
Even under pressure the host does not break formation. The line emphasizes invulnerability and relentless forward momentum.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἕκαστοςeachA1 NSM · ἕκαστοςnom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἕκαστος: meaning 'each'; it serves as nom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφοῦbrotherN2 GSM · ἀδελφόςhead noun within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἀδελφός: meaning 'brother'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἀφέξεταιhold backVF FMI3S · ἔχω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἔχω + ἀπο: meaning 'hold back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καταβαρυνόμενοιweighed downV1 · πμπνπμ βαρύνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationπμπνπμ βαρύνω + κατα: meaning 'weighed down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅπλοιςweaponsN2N DPN · ὅπλονcommon noun within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationὅπλον: meaning 'weapons'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
πορεύσονταιporeyomaiVF FMI3P · πορεύομαιfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ constative aoristπορεύομαι: meaning 'poreyomai'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βέλεσινarrowN3E DPN · βέλοςnominative (exclamatory predicate: 'an arrow of …')→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationβέλος: meaning 'arrow'; it serves as nominative (exclamatory predicate: 'an arrow of …').
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
πεσοῦνταιfellVF2 FMI3P · πίπτωfinite verb advancing the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationπίπτω: meaning 'fell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
συντελεσθῶσινbe destroyedVS APS3P · τελέω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationτελέω + συν: meaning 'be destroyed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
9
τῆς πόλεως ἐπιλήμψονται καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν τειχέων δραμοῦνται καὶ ἐπὶ τὰς οἰκίας ἀναβήσονται καὶ διὰ θυρίδων εἰσελεύσονται ὡς κλέπται
They will seize the city and run upon the walls; they will climb into the houses and enter through the windows like thieves.
The city itself is no refuge. Walls, houses, and windows are all penetrated as the invaders move with the stealth of thieves.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεωςcityN3I GSF · πόλιςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ἐπιλήμψονταιshall take holdVF FMI3P · λαμβάνω + ἐπιmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause→ commandλαμβάνω + ἐπι: meaning 'shall take hold'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τειχέωνwallN3E GPN · τεῖχοςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationτεῖχος: meaning 'wall'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
δραμοῦνταιthey shall runVF2 FMI3P · τρέχωverbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationτρέχω: meaning 'they shall run'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause forward.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἰκίαςhousesN1A APF · οἰκίαaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationοἰκία: meaning 'houses'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἀναβήσονταιwent upVF FMI3P · βαίνω + ἀναfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeβαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'went up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
θυρίδωνwindowN3D GPF · θυρίςgenitive dependent phrase within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationθυρίς: meaning 'window'; it serves as genitive dependent phrase within the clause.
εἰσελεύσονταιwent inVF FMI3P · ἔρχομαι + εἰςfinite verb advancing the clause→ future aspect: presents the action as prospectiveἔρχομαι + εἰς: meaning 'went in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
κλέπταιthievesN1M NPM · κλέπτηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationκλέπτης: meaning 'thieves'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
10
πρὸ προσώπου αὐτῶν συγχυθήσεται ἡ γῆ καὶ σεισθήσεται ὁ οὐρανός ὁ ἥλιος καὶ ἡ σελήνη συσκοτάσουσιν καὶ τὰ ἄστρα δύσουσιν τὸ φέγγος αὐτῶν
Before them the earth will be confounded and the heaven shaken; the sun and the moon will be darkened, and the stars will withdraw their light.
The invasion is rendered in cosmic terms. Earth and heaven respond to the Lord's day as lights dim and creation trembles.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition taking a complement within the phrase→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationπρὸ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition taking a complement within the phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
συγχυθήσεταιwill be confoundedVC FPI3S · χέω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationχέω + συν: meaning 'will be confounded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆlandN1 NSF · γῆnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σεισθήσεταιshakeVC FPI3S · σείωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardσείω: meaning 'shake'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανόςheavenN2 NSM · οὐρανόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἥλιοςsunN2 NSM · ἥλιοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἥλιος: meaning 'sun'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σελήνηmoonN1 NSF · σελήνηnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationσελήνη: meaning 'moon'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
συσκοτάσουσινwill be darkenedVF FAI3P · σκοτάζω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationσκοτάζω + συν: meaning 'will be darkened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄστραstarN2N NPN · ἄστρονnominative nominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἄστρον: meaning 'star'; it serves as nominative nominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause.
δύσουσινwill withdrawVF FAI3P · δύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationδύω: meaning 'will withdraw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φέγγοςlightN3E ASN · φέγγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationφέγγος: meaning 'light'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
11
καὶ κύριος δώσει φωνὴν αὐτοῦ πρὸ προσώπου δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ ὅτι πολλή ἐστιν σφόδρα ἡ παρεμβολὴ αὐτοῦ ὅτι ἰσχυρὰ ἔργα λόγων αὐτοῦ διότι μεγάλη ἡ ἡμέρα τοῦ κυρίου μεγάλη καὶ ἐπιφανὴς σφόδρα καὶ τίς ἔσται ἱκανὸς αὐτῇ
And the Lord will give his voice before his host, because his camp is exceedingly great, because mighty are the works of his words. For great is the day of the Lord, great and exceedingly manifest, and who will be sufficient for it?
The host is finally identified as belonging to the Lord. The climactic question underscores the unbearable weight of this day unless mercy intervenes.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
δώσειgiveVF FAI3S · δίδωμιmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause→ futureδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause.
φωνὴνvoiceN1 ASF · φωνήhead noun within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition taking a complement within the phrase→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationπρὸ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition taking a complement within the phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
δυνάμεωςforce / powerN3I GSF · δύναμιςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationδύναμις: meaning 'force'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πολλήmuch / manyA1 NSF · πολύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationπολύς: meaning 'much'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
σφόδραgreatly / exceedinglyD · σφόδραparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ adverbial nuanceσφόδρα: meaning 'greatly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβολὴcampN1 NSF · παρεμβολήnominal element functioning within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationπαρεμβολή: meaning 'camp'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰσχυρὰmightyA1A NPN · ἰσχυρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἰσχυρός: meaning 'mighty'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔργαworkN2N NPN · ἔργονcommon noun within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἔργον: meaning 'work'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
λόγωνthing / wordN2 GPM · λόγοςgenitive dependent→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationλόγος: meaning 'thing'; it serves as genitive dependent.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεγάληgreatA1 NSF · μέγαςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραdayN1A NSF · ἡμέραnominative substantive functioning within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
μεγάληgreatA1 NSF · μέγαςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιφανὴςἐπιφανήςA3H NSF · ἐπιφανήςsubject / nominative complement→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἐπιφανής: meaning 'ἐπιφανής'; it serves as subject / nominative complement.
σφόδραgreatly / exceedinglyD · σφόδραparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ adverbial nuanceσφόδρα: meaning 'greatly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἔσταιbeV9 FMI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
ἱκανὸςsufficientA1 NSM · ἱκανόςnominative element functioning within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἱκανός: meaning 'sufficient'; it serves as nominative element functioning within the clause.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phrase→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as demonstrative element specifying the noun or phrase.
12
καὶ νῦν λέγει κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὑμῶν ἐπιστράφητε πρός με ἐξ ὅλης τῆς καρδίας ὑμῶν καὶ ἐν νηστείᾳ καὶ ἐν κλαυθμῷ καὶ ἐν κοπετῷ
And now, says the Lord your God, return to me with all your heart, and with fasting and with weeping and with lamentation.
The oracle pivots from terror to invitation. The Lord himself summons return, and he demands whole-hearted repentance rather than outward compliance.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse pivot to present applicationνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐπιστράφητεturned backVD APD2P · στρέφω + ἐπιfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future force: points to action still aheadστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'turned back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal form carrying the clause forward.
πρόςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ὅληςwholeA1 GSF · ὅλοςattributive adjective (modifying κρηπῖδος)→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationὅλος: meaning 'whole'; it serves as attributive adjective (modifying κρηπῖδος).
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαςheartN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive dependent→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as genitive dependent.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
νηστείᾳnesteiaN1A DSF · νηστείαnominal term functioning in a dat relation→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationνηστεία: meaning 'nesteia'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a dat relation.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
κλαυθμῷweepingN2 DSM · κλαυθμόςdative element functioning within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationκλαυθμός: meaning 'weeping'; it serves as dative element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
κοπετῷlamentationN2 DSM · κοπετόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationκοπετός: meaning 'lamentation'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
13
καὶ διαρρήξατε τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν καὶ μὴ τὰ ἱμάτια ὑμῶν καὶ ἐπιστράφητε πρὸς κύριον τὸν θεὸν ὑμῶν ὅτι ἐλεήμων καὶ οἰκτίρμων ἐστίν μακρόθυμος καὶ πολυέλεος καὶ μετανοῶν ἐπὶ ταῖς κακίαις
And tear your hearts and not your garments, and return to the Lord your God, because he is merciful and compassionate, long-suffering and very merciful, and relenting over evils.
The inwardness of repentance is made explicit: hearts, not garments, must be torn. The appeal rests on the Lord's known character of mercy and relenting compassion.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διαρρήξατεtearVA AMD2P · ῥήγνυμι + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationῥήγνυμι + δια: meaning 'tear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαςheartN1A APF · καρδίαcommon noun within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱμάτιαgarmentsN2N APN · ἱμάτιονdirect object of πλυνεῖ→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἱμάτιον: meaning 'garments'; it serves as direct object of πλυνεῖ.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιστράφητεturned backVD APD2P · στρέφω + ἐπιfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future force: points to action still aheadστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'turned back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal form carrying the clause forward.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλεήμωνmercifulA3N NSM · ἐλεήμωνadjectival or numerical term functioning in a nom relation→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἐλεήμων: meaning 'merciful'; it serves as adjectival or numerical term functioning in a nom relation.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἰκτίρμωνoiktirmonA3N NSM · οἰκτίρμωνadjectival or numerical term functioning in a nom relation→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationοἰκτίρμων: meaning 'oiktirmon'; it serves as adjectival or numerical term functioning in a nom relation.
ἐστίνbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ present of general truthεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
μακρόθυμοςmakrothymosA1B NSM · μακρόθυμοςadjectival or numerical term functioning in a nom relation→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationμακρόθυμος: meaning 'makrothymos'; it serves as adjectival or numerical term functioning in a nom relation.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πολυέλεοςpolyeleosA1B NSM · πολυέλεοςadjectival or numerical term functioning in a nom relation→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationπολυέλεος: meaning 'polyeleos'; it serves as adjectival or numerical term functioning in a nom relation.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετανοῶνrelentingV2 · παπνσμ νοέω + μεταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationπαπνσμ νοέω + μετα: meaning 'relenting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κακίαιςwickednessN1A DPF · κακίαdative element functioning within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationκακία: meaning 'wickedness'; it serves as dative element functioning within the clause.
14
τίς οἶδεν εἰ ἐπιστρέψει καὶ μετανοήσει καὶ ὑπολείψεται ὀπίσω αὐτοῦ εὐλογίαν θυσίαν καὶ σπονδὴν κυρίῳ τῷ θεῷ ἡμῶν
Who knows whether he will turn and relent and leave behind him a blessing, a sacrifice and libation for the Lord our God?
Repentance is joined to hope. The people cannot control divine mercy, but they may wait for the possibility that judgment will leave blessing behind.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
οἶδενknowVX XAI3S · οἶδαmain verbal form advancing the court-crisis narrative or the prayerful appeal→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationοἶδα: meaning 'know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the court-crisis narrative or the prayerful appeal.
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιστρέψειshall bring backVF FAI3S · στρέφω + ἐπιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future force: points to action still aheadστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'shall bring back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετανοήσειwill relentVF FAI3S · νοέω + μεταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationνοέω + μετα: meaning 'will relent'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπολείψεταιwill leave behindVF FMI3S · λείπω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationλείπω + ὑπο: meaning 'will leave behind'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀπίσωafter / behindP · ὀπίσωpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionὀπίσω: meaning 'after'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
εὐλογίανblessingN1A ASF · εὐλογίαaccusative object or complement→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationεὐλογία: meaning 'blessing'; it serves as accusative object or complement.
θυσίανsacrificeN1A ASF · θυσίαcommon noun within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationθυσία: meaning 'sacrifice'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σπονδὴνdrink offeringN1 ASF · σπονδήdirect object coordinated with the previous offerings→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationσπονδή: meaning 'drink offering'; it serves as direct object coordinated with the previous offerings.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
15
σαλπίσατε σάλπιγγι ἐν Σιων ἁγιάσατε νηστείαν κηρύξατε θεραπείαν
Blow the trumpet in Zion; sanctify a fast; proclaim a solemn healing assembly.
The trumpet is sounded again, now not for alarm alone but for sacred assembly. The fast is publicly set apart as a communal act of healing and return.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
σαλπίσατεσαλπίζωVA AAD2P · σαλπίζωverbal form expressing command, request, or exhortation→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeσαλπίζω: meaning 'σαλπίζω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form expressing command, request, or exhortation.
σάλπιγγιtrumpetN3G DSF · σάλπιγξdative nominal marking sphere, instrument, recipient, or reference→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationσάλπιγξ: meaning 'trumpet'; it serves as dative nominal marking sphere, instrument, recipient, or reference.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΣιωνZionN DSM · Σιωνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationΣιων: meaning 'Zion'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἁγιάσατεἁγιάζωVA AAD2P · ἁγιάζωimperative verbal form issuing a direct command→ aorist imperativeἁγιάζω: meaning 'ἁγιάζω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as imperative verbal form issuing a direct command.
νηστείανfastN1A ASF · νηστείαaccusative nominal element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationνηστεία: meaning 'fast'; it serves as accusative nominal element functioning as object, extent, or complement.
κηρύξατεproclaimVA AAD2P · κηρύσσωsecond imperative of the command→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationκηρύσσω: meaning 'proclaim'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as second imperative of the command.
θεραπείανsolemn assemblyN1A ASF · θεραπείαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationθεραπεία: meaning 'solemn assembly'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
16
συναγάγετε λαόν ἁγιάσατε ἐκκλησίαν ἐκλέξασθε πρεσβυτέρους συναγάγετε νήπια θηλάζοντα μαστούς ἐξελθάτω νυμφίος ἐκ τοῦ κοιτῶνος αὐτοῦ καὶ νύμφη ἐκ τοῦ παστοῦ αὐτῆς
Gather the people; sanctify the congregation; choose the elders; gather infants nursing at the breasts. Let the bridegroom come out from his chamber and the bride from her bridal room.
No one is excluded from the summons. From elders to nursing infants to newlyweds, the whole covenant body is drawn into repentance.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
συναγάγετεgather togetherVB AAD2P · ἄγω + συνfinite verb advancing the clause→ imperatival verbal form directing the hearerἄγω + συν: meaning 'gather together'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
λαόνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ἁγιάσατεἁγιάζωVA AAD2P · ἁγιάζωimperative verbal form issuing a direct command→ aorist imperativeἁγιάζω: meaning 'ἁγιάζω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as imperative verbal form issuing a direct command.
ἐκκλησίανassemblyN1A ASF · ἐκκλησίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἐκκλησία: meaning 'assembly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἐκλέξασθεgather / chooseVA AMD2P · λέγω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationλέγω + ἐκ: meaning 'gather'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρεσβυτέρουςeldersA1A APM · πρεσβύτεροςcommon noun within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationπρεσβύτερος: meaning 'elders'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
συναγάγετεgather togetherVB AAD2P · ἄγω + συνfinite verb advancing the clause→ imperatival verbal form directing the hearerἄγω + συν: meaning 'gather together'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
νήπιαinfantsA1A APN · νήπιοςfronted direct object of ἐνσείσεις→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationνήπιος: meaning 'infants'; it serves as fronted direct object of ἐνσείσεις.
θηλάζονταnursingV1 · παπαπν θηλάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationπαπαπν θηλάζω: meaning 'nursing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μαστούςbreastsN2 APM · μαστόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationμαστός: meaning 'breasts'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐξελθάτωlet ... come outVA AAD3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'let ... come out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
νυμφίοςbridegroomN2 NSM · νυμφίοςsubject of the verbal action→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationνυμφίος: meaning 'bridegroom'; it serves as subject of the verbal action.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κοιτῶνοςbedchamberN3W GSM · κοιτώνgenitive of description (the bedchamber)→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationκοιτών: meaning 'bedchamber'; it serves as genitive of description (the bedchamber).
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νύμφηdaughter-in-lawN1 NSF · νύμφηnominal element within the genealogical notice→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationνύμφη: meaning 'daughter-in-law'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παστοῦbridal roomN2 GSM · παστόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationπαστός: meaning 'bridal room'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
17
ἀνὰ μέσον τῆς κρηπῖδος τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου κλαύσονται οἱ ἱερεῖς οἱ λειτουργοῦντες κυρίῳ καὶ ἐροῦσιν φεῖσαι κύριε τοῦ λαοῦ σου καὶ μὴ δῷς τὴν κληρονομίαν σου εἰς ὄνειδος τοῦ κατάρξαι αὐτῶν ἔθνη ὅπως μὴ εἴπωσιν ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν ποῦ ἐστιν ὁ θεὸς αὐτῶν
Between the base of the altar they shall weep, the priests who minister to the Lord, and they shall say, 'Spare, O Lord, your people, and do not give your inheritance over to reproach, for nations to rule over them, lest they say among the nations, Where is their God?'
The priests take up the central intercession at the altar. Their plea binds the people's fate to the Lord's honor among the nations.
Word-by-word analysis· 42 words
ἀνὰbetweenP · ἀνάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀνὰ: meaning 'between'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μέσονmidstA1 ASN · μέσοςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρηπῖδοςbaseN3D GSF · κρηπίςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationκρηπίς: meaning 'base'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστηρίουaltarN2N GSN · θυσιαστήριονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationθυσιαστήριον: meaning 'altar'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
κλαύσονταιshall weep / mournVF FMI3P · κλαίωmain verb (the people's permitted mourning)→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationκλαίω: meaning 'shall weep'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the people's permitted mourning).
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestsN3V NPM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἱερεύς: meaning 'priests'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λειτουργοῦντεςministeringV2 · παπνπμ λειτουργέωparticiple describing ongoing sacred service→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardπαπνπμ λειτουργέω: meaning 'ministering'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle describing ongoing sacred service.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐροῦσινsaidVF2 FAI3P · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
φεῖσαιspareVA AMD2S · φείδομαιinfinitival verbal form expressing purpose, result, or complementary action→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationφείδομαι: meaning 'spare'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitival verbal form expressing purpose, result, or complementary action.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςcommon noun within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
δῷςgiveVO AAS2S · δίδωμιsubjunctive verb in a prohibition→ aorist subjunctiveδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as subjunctive verb in a prohibition.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κληρονομίανinheritanceN1A ASF · κληρονομίαaccusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationκληρονομία: meaning 'inheritance'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ὄνειδοςreproachN3E ASN · ὄνειδοςaccusative nominal element functioning as object or complement within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationὄνειδος: meaning 'reproach'; it serves as accusative nominal element functioning as object or complement within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατάρξαιto rule overVA AAN · ἄρχω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἄρχω + κατα: meaning 'to rule over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἔθνηnationsN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ὅπωςso thatC · ὅπωςcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or item→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationὅπως: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
εἴπωσινsayVB AAS3P · εἶπονfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist verbal form presenting the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνεσινnationN3E DPN · ἔθνοςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
ποῦwhereD · ποῦinterrogative adverb (introducing deliberative indirect question)→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationποῦ: meaning 'where'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
18
καὶ ἐζήλωσεν κύριος τὴν γῆν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐφείσατο τοῦ λαοῦ αὐτοῦ
And the Lord became jealous for his land and spared his people.
The answer begins tersely but decisively. Divine jealousy for the land and pity for the people signal that judgment is giving way to restoration.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐζήλωσενbecame zealousVAI AAI3S · ζηλόωmain verb describing covenant zeal awakened in him→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationζηλόω: meaning 'became zealous'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb describing covenant zeal awakened in him.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆcommon noun within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐφείσατοhe spared / was sparingVAI AMI3S · φείδομαιmain verb (refusing to take from his own)→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationφείδομαι: meaning 'he spared'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (refusing to take from his own).
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςcommon noun within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
19
καὶ ἀπεκρίθη κύριος καὶ εἶπεν τῷ λαῷ αὐτοῦ ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ἐξαποστέλλω ὑμῖν τὸν σῖτον καὶ τὸν οἶνον καὶ τὸ ἔλαιον καὶ ἐμπλησθήσεσθε αὐτῶν καὶ οὐ δώσω ὑμᾶς οὐκέτι εἰς ὀνειδισμὸν ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσι
And the Lord answered and said to his people, 'Behold, I am sending you grain and wine and oil, and you shall be filled with them, and I will no longer make you a reproach among the nations.'
The Lord's reply promises the staples of covenant blessing and the removal of national shame. Material provision is framed as a public vindication before the nations.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπεκρίθηansweredVCI API3S · κρίνω + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeκρίνω + ἀπο: meaning 'answered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαῷpeopleN2 DSM · λαόςhead noun within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection introducing or coloring the speech→ discourse markerἰδού: meaning 'behold'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐξαποστέλλωsend outV1 PAI1S · στέλλω + ἐκ + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationστέλλω + ἐκ + ἀπο: meaning 'send out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ὑμῖνto youRP DP · σύpronoun functioning as dative complement→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationὑμῖν: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σῖτονgrain / wheatN2 ASM · σῖτοςcommon noun within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationσῖτος: meaning 'grain'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶνονwineN2 ASM · οἶνοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔλαιονoilN2N ASN · ἔλαιονaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἔλαιον: meaning 'oil'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμπλησθήσεσθεyou will be filledVS FPI2P · πίμπλημι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationπίμπλημι + ἐν: meaning 'you will be filled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
δώσωgiveVF FAI1S · δίδωμιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ future force: points to action still aheadδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronoun functioning as object or complement→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
οὐκέτιno longerD · οὐκέτιadverb qualifying the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationοὐκέτι: meaning 'no longer'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ὀνειδισμὸνreproach / disgraceN2 ASM · ὀνειδισμόςsecond predicate accusative with ἐγενήθην→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationὀνειδισμός: meaning 'reproach'; it serves as second predicate accusative with ἐγενήθην.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνεσιnationN3E DPN · ἔθνοςdative substantive marking reference, means, or location→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as dative substantive marking reference, means, or location.
20
καὶ τὸν ἀπὸ βορρᾶ ἐκδιώξω ἀφ' ὑμῶν καὶ ἐξώσω αὐτὸν εἰς γῆν ἄνυδρον καὶ ἀφανιῶ τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν τὴν πρώτην καὶ τὰ ὀπίσω αὐτοῦ εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν τὴν ἐσχάτην καὶ ἀναβήσεται ἡ σαπρία αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀναβήσεται ὁ βρόμος αὐτοῦ ὅτι ἐμεγάλυνεν τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ
And I will drive away from you the one from the north, and I will thrust him into a waterless land, and I will destroy his front into the eastern sea and his rear into the western sea; and his rottenness shall rise, and his stench shall rise, because he has magnified his deeds.
The northern destroyer will be expelled and decomposed. The grotesque imagery reverses the terror of the invader and exposes his end as disgraceful corruption.
Word-by-word analysis· 47 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
βορρᾶnorthN1T GSM · βορέαςgenitive dependent→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationβορέας: meaning 'north'; it serves as genitive dependent.
ἐκδιώξωI will drive awayVF FAI1S · διώκω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationδιώκω + ἐκ: meaning 'I will drive away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀφ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀφ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξώσωI will thrustVF FAI1S · ὠθέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationὠθέω + ἐκ: meaning 'I will thrust'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆcommon noun within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἄνυδρονwaterlessA1B ASF · ἄνυδροςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἄνυδρος: meaning 'waterless'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀφανιῶI will destroyVF2 FAI1S · ἵζω + ἀπο + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἵζω + ἀπο + ἀνα: meaning 'I will destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόσωπονface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θάλασσανseaN1S ASF · θάλασσαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationθάλασσα: meaning 'sea'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρώτηνfirstA1 ASF · πρῶτοςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationπρῶτος: meaning 'first'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀπίσωafter / behindP · ὀπίσωpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionὀπίσω: meaning 'after'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θάλασσανseaN1S ASF · θάλασσαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationθάλασσα: meaning 'sea'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐσχάτηνlastA1 ASF · ἔσχατοςcommon noun within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἔσχατος: meaning 'last'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναβήσεταιgo upVF FMI3S · βαίνω + ἀναfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardβαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'go up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σαπρίαrottennessN1A NSF · σαπρίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationσαπρία: meaning 'rottenness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναβήσεταιgo upVF FMI3S · βαίνω + ἀναfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardβαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'go up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βρόμοςstenchN2 NSM · βρόμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationβρόμος: meaning 'stench'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμεγάλυνενgrowing greatVAI AAI3S · μεγαλύνωfinite verb advancing the clause→ perfectiveμεγαλύνω: meaning 'growing great'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksN2N APN · ἔργονcommon noun within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
21
θάρσει γῆ χαῖρε καὶ εὐφραίνου ὅτι ἐμεγάλυνεν κύριος τοῦ ποιῆσαι
Take courage, O land; rejoice and be glad, because the Lord has magnified what he has done.
The land itself is now addressed as a participant in restoration. Fear yields to joy because the Lord has acted on a grand scale for deliverance.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
θάρσειtake courageV2 PAD2S · θαρρέωmain verb→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationθαρρέω: meaning 'take courage'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb.
γῆlandN1 VSF · γῆvocative address within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as vocative address within the clause.
χαῖρεrejoiceV1 PAD2S · χαίρωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ imperative verbal form issuing a commandχαίρω: meaning 'rejoice'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐφραίνουbe gladV1 PMD2S · εὐφραίνωmain verb→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεὐφραίνω: meaning 'be glad'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμεγάλυνενgrowing greatVAI AAI3S · μεγαλύνωfinite verb advancing the clause→ perfectiveμεγαλύνω: meaning 'growing great'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιῆσαιmake / doVA AAN · ποιέωinfinitival verbal form expressing purpose or complement→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeποιέω: meaning 'make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitival verbal form expressing purpose or complement.
22
θαρσεῖτε κτήνη τοῦ πεδίου ὅτι βεβλάστηκεν πεδία τῆς ἐρήμου ὅτι ξύλον ἤνεγκεν τὸν καρπὸν αὐτοῦ ἄμπελος καὶ συκῆ ἔδωκαν τὴν ἰσχὺν αὐτῶν
Take courage, beasts of the field, because the plains of the wilderness have sprouted, because the tree has borne its fruit; the vine and the fig tree have given their strength.
The promise widens to the animal world and the fields. Wilderness fertility, orchard fruit, and agricultural strength all mark the reversal of devastation.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
θαρσεῖτεtake courageV2 PAD2P · θαρρέωmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause→ commandθαρρέω: meaning 'take courage'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause.
κτήνηbeastsN3E VPN · κτῆνοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationκτῆνος: meaning 'beasts'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεδίουfield / plainN2N GSN · πεδίονgenitive (with κόχλαξιν: 'flints of the field')→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationπεδίον: meaning 'field'; it serves as genitive (with κόχλαξιν: 'flints of the field').
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βεβλάστηκενhas sproutedVX XAI3S · βλαστάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationβλαστάνω: meaning 'has sprouted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πεδίαfieldsN2N APN · πεδίονcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationπεδίον: meaning 'fields'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐρήμουwildernessN2 GSF · ἔρημοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἔρημος: meaning 'wilderness'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ξύλονtreeN2N NSN · ξύλονnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationξύλον: meaning 'tree'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἤνεγκενbringVAI AAI3S · φέρωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristφέρω: meaning 'bring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρπὸνfruitN2 ASM · καρπόςdirect object understood with ἐδίδου→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationκαρπός: meaning 'fruit'; it serves as direct object understood with ἐδίδου.
αὐτοῦsame / her / himRD GSN · αὐτόςgenitive dependent modifier / possession relation→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'same'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive dependent modifier / possession relation.
ἄμπελοςvineN2 NSF · ἄμπελοςobject of ὑπὸ in the first security image→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἄμπελος: meaning 'vine'; it serves as object of ὑπὸ in the first security image.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συκῆfig treeN1 NSF · συκῆnominal element functioning within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationσυκῆ: meaning 'fig tree'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἔδωκανgaveVAI AAI3P · δίδωμιmain verb of allotment or gift→ aorist summary statementδίδωμι: meaning 'gave'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of allotment or gift.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰσχὺνstrengthN3 ASF · ἰσχύςnominal term functioning as a accusative complement→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a accusative complement.
αὐτῶνhis/theirRD GPF · αὐτόςpronominal modifier or resumptive dependent→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal modifier or resumptive dependent.
23
καὶ τὰ τέκνα Σιων χαίρετε καὶ εὐφραίνεσθε ἐπὶ τῷ κυρίῳ θεῷ ὑμῶν διότι ἔδωκεν ὑμῖν τὰ βρώματα εἰς δικαιοσύνην καὶ βρέξει ὑμῖν ὑετὸν πρόιμον καὶ ὄψιμον καθὼς ἔμπροσθεν
And you, children of Zion, rejoice and be glad in the Lord your God, because he has given you food in righteousness and will rain for you the early rain and the late rain as before.
Zion's children are called to rejoice because God restores both sustenance and the ordered rains. Seasonal blessing becomes a sign of covenant fidelity renewed.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέκναchildN2N NPN · τέκνονsubject of the verbal action→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationτέκνον: meaning 'child'; it serves as subject of the verbal action.
ΣιωνZionN GSM · Σιωνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationΣιων: meaning 'Zion'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χαίρετεrejoiceV1 PAD2P · χαίρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationχαίρω: meaning 'rejoice'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐφραίνεσθεrejoiceV1 PMD2P · εὐφραίνωimperatival verbal form summoning an action or response→ imperative force summoning an action or responseεὐφραίνω: meaning 'rejoice'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as imperatival verbal form summoning an action or response.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδωκενgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ὑμῖνto youRP DP · σύpronoun functioning as dative complement→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationὑμῖν: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βρώματαfoodN3M APN · βρῶμαdirect object of ἔθετο→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationβρῶμα: meaning 'food'; it serves as direct object of ἔθετο.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
δικαιοσύνηνrighteousnessN1 ASF · δικαιοσύνηaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βρέξειhe will rainVF FAI3S · βρέχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationβρέχω: meaning 'he will rain'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑμῖνto youRP DP · σύpronoun functioning as dative complement→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationὑμῖν: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
ὑετὸνὑετόςN2 ASM · ὑετόςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationὑετός: meaning 'ὑετός'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement.
πρόιμονearlyA1B ASM · πρώιμοςaccusative nominal element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationπρώιμος: meaning 'early'; it serves as accusative nominal element functioning as object, extent, or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄψιμονlate rainA1B ASM · ὄψιμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationὄψιμος: meaning 'late rain'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καθὼςjust asD · καθώςadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceκαθώς: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἔμπροσθενformerly / beforeD · ἔμπροσθενnominal element in the clause→ adverbial nuanceἔμπροσθεν: meaning 'formerly'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
24
καὶ πλησθήσονται αἱ ἅλωνες σίτου καὶ ὑπερεκχυθήσονται αἱ ληνοὶ οἴνου καὶ ἐλαίου
And the threshing floors shall be filled with grain, and the presses shall overflow with wine and oil.
The agricultural imagery becomes concrete and abundant. Floors and presses overflow, reversing the emptiness produced by the locust crisis.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πλησθήσονταιshall be filledVS FPI3P · πίμπλημιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ predictionπίμπλημι: meaning 'shall be filled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαἱ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἅλωνεςthreshing floorsN3W NPF · ἅλωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἅλων: meaning 'threshing floors'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σίτουgrainN2 GSM · σῖτοςgenitive of content (fill with grain)→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationσῖτος: meaning 'grain'; it serves as genitive of content (fill with grain).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερεκχυθήσονταιwill overflowVC FPI3P · χέω + ὑπερ ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationχέω + ὑπερ ἐκ: meaning 'will overflow'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαἱ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ληνοὶpressesN2 NPF · ληνόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationληνός: meaning 'presses'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἴνουwineN2 GSM · οἶνοςcommon noun within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλαίουoilN2N GSN · ἔλαιονcommon noun within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἔλαιον: meaning 'oil'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
25
καὶ ἀνταποδώσω ὑμῖν ἀντὶ τῶν ἐτῶν ὧν κατέφαγεν ἡ ἀκρὶς καὶ ὁ βροῦχος καὶ ἡ ἐρυσίβη καὶ ἡ κάμπη ἡ δύναμίς μου ἡ μεγάλη ἣν ἐξαπέστειλα εἰς ὑμᾶς
And I will repay you for the years which the locust consumed, and the caterpillar, and the blight, and the grub, my great force which I sent against you.
The Lord promises not merely present relief but restoration of lost years. The named destroyers are reinterpreted as instruments once sent by God and now overruled by mercy.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνταποδώσωrepayVF FAI1S · δίδωμι + ἀντι ἀποmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting a coming actionδίδωμι + ἀντι ἀπο: meaning 'repay'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
ὑμῖνto youRP DP · σύpronoun functioning as dative complement→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationὑμῖν: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
ἀντὶinstead ofP · ἀντίpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀντὶ: meaning 'instead of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐτῶνyearsN3E GPN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ὧνwho / whichRR GPN · ὅςrelative form linking the clause to its antecedent→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationὅς: meaning 'who'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
κατέφαγενconsumeVBI AAI3S · ἐσθίω + καταfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἐσθίω + κατα: meaning 'consume'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀκρὶςἀκρίςN3D NSF · ἀκρίςhead noun or nominative element within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἀκρίς: meaning 'ἀκρίς'; it serves as head noun or nominative element within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βροῦχοςβροῦχοςN2 NSM · βροῦχοςhead noun or nominative element within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationβροῦχος: meaning 'βροῦχος'; it serves as head noun or nominative element within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐρυσίβηblightN1 NSF · ἐρυσίβηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἐρυσίβη: meaning 'blight'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κάμπηgrubN1 NSF · κάμπηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationκάμπη: meaning 'grub'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύναμίςstrengthN3I NSF · δύναμιςnominal element functioning within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationδύναμις: meaning 'strength'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεγάληgreatA1 NSF · μέγαςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
ἣνwho / whomRR ASF · ὅςaccusative object or complement→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἣν: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object or complement.
ἐξαπέστειλαI sentVAI AAI1S · στέλλω + ἐκ + ἀποfinite verbal form carrying the clause action or assertion→ constative aorist of dispatchστέλλω + ἐκ + ἀπο: meaning 'I sent'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal form carrying the clause action or assertion.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronoun functioning as object or complement→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
26
καὶ φάγεσθε ἐσθίοντες καὶ ἐμπλησθήσεσθε καὶ αἰνέσετε τὸ ὄνομα κυρίου τοῦ θεοῦ ὑμῶν ἃ ἐποίησεν μεθ' ὑμῶν εἰς θαυμάσια καὶ οὐ μὴ καταισχυνθῇ ὁ λαός μου εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα
And you shall surely eat and be filled, and you shall praise the name of the Lord your God for the wonders he has done with you; and my people shall certainly not be put to shame forever.
Full eating leads to praise, and praise leads to the removal of shame. The verse joins bodily satisfaction with doxological recognition.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φάγεσθεyou will eatVF FMI2P · ἐσθίωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardἐσθίω: meaning 'you will eat'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
ἐσθίοντεςeatingV1 · παπνπμ ἐσθίωparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressπαπνπμ ἐσθίω: meaning 'eating'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμπλησθήσεσθεyou will be filledVS FPI2P · πίμπλημι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationπίμπλημι + ἐν: meaning 'you will be filled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἰνέσετεyou will praiseVF FAI2P · αἰνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationαἰνέω: meaning 'you will praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομαnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἃwhichRR APN · ὅςcommon noun within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
μεθ'with / afterP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμεθ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
θαυμάσιαwondrousA1A APN · θαυμάσιοςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationθαυμάσιος: meaning 'wondrous'; it serves as acc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
καταισχυνθῇbe put to shameVC APS3S · αἰσχύνω + καταverbal form carrying the action or dependent verbal sense of the clause→ aorist passive subjunctiveαἰσχύνω + κατα: meaning 'be put to shame'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action or dependent verbal sense of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαόςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναage / foreverN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
27
καὶ ἐπιγνώσεσθε ὅτι ἐν μέσῳ τοῦ Ισραηλ ἐγώ εἰμι καὶ ἐγὼ κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὑμῶν καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ἔτι πλὴν ἐμοῦ καὶ οὐ μὴ καταισχυνθῶσιν οὐκέτι πᾶς ὁ λαός μου εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα
And you shall know that I am in the midst of Israel, and that I am the Lord your God and there is no other besides me; and all my people shall certainly not be put to shame any longer forever.
The chapter closes with covenant knowledge. Israel learns anew that the Lord is uniquely present in its midst, and public disgrace gives way to enduring assurance.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιγνώσεσθεunderstand fullyVF FMI2P · γιγνώσκω + ἐπιFinite verb / predicate→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationγιγνώσκω + ἐπι: meaning 'understand fully'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as Finite verb / predicate.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSM · μέσοςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ἐγώIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἐγώ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
εἰμιamV9 PAI1S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal form carrying the clause's action forwardεἰμί: meaning 'am'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceἔτι: meaning 'still'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
πλὴνexceptD · πλήνpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationπλὴν: meaning 'except'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
ἐμοῦIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἐμοῦ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
καταισχυνθῶσινbe put to shameVC APS3P · αἰσχύνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationαἰσχύνω + κατα: meaning 'be put to shame'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐκέτιno longerD · οὐκέτιadverb qualifying the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationοὐκέτι: meaning 'no longer'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
πᾶςeveryoneA3 NSM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαόςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναage / foreverN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.