Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Leviticus, Chapter 3ΛΕΥΙΤΙΚΟΝ Γ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Leviticus 3 sets out the ritual of the θυσία σωτηρίου, the 'sacrifice of deliverance / well-being,' the LXX's rendering of Hebrew זֶבַח שְׁלָמִים (the 'peace-' or 'fellowship-offering').

Translation & textual notes

The Greek text of Leviticus 3 follows the standard critical text of the Septuagint as established in the Rahlfs–Hanhart edition (Septuaginta, rev. ed. 2006), an ancient and public-domain text; the critical apparatus is not reproduced. Leviticus 3 sets out the ritual of the θυσία σωτηρίου, the 'sacrifice of deliverance / well-being,' the LXX's rendering of Hebrew זֶבַח שְׁלָמִים (the 'peace-' or 'fellowship-offering'). The chapter is built as three parallel cases distinguished by the victim — herd cattle (ἐκ τῶν βοῶν, vv. 1–5), a sheep / lamb from the flock (ἀπὸ τῶν προβάτων … ἄρνα, vv. 6–11), and a goat (ἀπὸ τῶν αἰγῶν, vv. 12–16) — capped by a perpetual statute against eating fat and blood (v. 17). The Greek translator renders שְׁלָמִים by the abstract noun σωτήριον ('deliverance / salvation / well-being'), so that what Hebrew names by its social effect (peace, wholeness) the LXX names by its theological ground (deliverance wrought by the LORD); the rite's verbal armature is heavily future-indicative (προσάξει, ἐπιθήσει, σφάξει, ἀνοίσει), the legislative future characteristic of Pentateuchal cultic prescription, where 'he shall do' functions as binding instruction rather than mere prediction. The defining technical vocabulary clusters here: κάρπωμα ('burnt portion / offering by fire,' rendering אִשֶּׁה), στέαρ ('fat,' חֵלֶב), the anatomical inventory of νεφροί ('kidneys'), the λοβὸς τοῦ ἥπατος ('lobe of the liver,' יֹתֶרֶת הַכָּבֵד), the μηρία ('loins / flanks'), and in the flock-case the ὀσφύς ('fat tail / rump,' אַלְיָה) removed σὺν ταῖς ψόαις ('with the loins'). The fat is the LORD's exclusive portion, turned to smoke as an ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας ('aroma of fragrance,' רֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ), a metonymy for divine acceptance recurring at vv. 5, 11, 16. Two text-internal features deserve note: at v. 9 the recipient is named τῷ θεῷ ('to God') rather than the κυρίῳ ('to the LORD') of the parallel verses, a variation in the divine designation within an otherwise formulaic frame; and v. 17 universalizes the rite's fat-and-blood logic into a νόμιμον αἰώνιον binding 'throughout your generations in all your dwellings' — the seed of the dietary blood-prohibition developed at Lev 7:22–27 and 17:10–14 and ultimately echoed in the apostolic decree of Acts 15:20, 29.

1

ἐὰν δὲ θυσία σωτηρίου τὸ δῶρον αὐτοῦ τῷ κυρίῳ ἐὰν μὲν ἐκ τῶν βοῶν αὐτοῦ προσαγάγῃ ἐάν τε ἄρσεν ἐάν τε θῆλυ ἄμωμον προσάξει αὐτὸ ἐναντίον κυρίου

And if his gift to the LORD is a sacrifice of deliverance, if he should offer it from the herd, whether male or female, he shall present it unblemished before the LORD.

New legislative case (protasis introducing the peace-offering instruction)ἐὰν δὲ θυσία σωτηρίου
δέ marks the transition from the burnt- and grain-offering legislation of chs. 1–2 to a new sacrificial class. The conditional ἐάν + subjunctive (προσαγάγῃ) is the standard casuistic frame of Pentateuchal cultic law ('if anyone offers …, then he shall …'); the nested ἐὰν μέν … sets up the herd-case as the first of three parallel victim-options, with the inner ἐάν τε … ἐάν τε pair ('whether … or') admitting either sex — a permission notably broader than the male-only requirement of the whole-burnt-offering (1:3).
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
ἐὰνifconditional conjunction (introducing casuistic protasis)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: 'if'; with the subjunctive it frames the standard casuistic conditional of Levitical law; here it opens the whole peace-offering pericope, the apodosis arriving at προσάξει.
δὲnow / andnarrative/legislative continuative (post-positive)→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: post-positive particle marking the move to a new sacrificial class (the θυσία σωτηρίου) after the burnt- and grain-offerings of chs. 1–2.
θυσίαsacrificeNominativepredicate nominative (with implied copula: '[if] his gift is a sacrifice')→ participant prominenceθυσία: 'sacrifice / offering'; renders זֶבַח; in construct with σωτηρίου it names the זֶבַח שְׁלָמִים, the shared sacrificial meal whose portions are divided between altar, priest, and offerer (cf. Lev 7:11–34).
σωτηρίουof deliverance / of well-beingGenitivegenitive of definition (qualifying θυσία: 'sacrifice of deliverance')→ relational specificationσωτήριον: 'deliverance / salvation / well-being'; the LXX's standard rendering of שְׁלָמִים (peace-/fellowship-offering); the translator names the rite by its theological ground (deliverance from the LORD) rather than its social effect (peace/wholeness); the genitive θυσία σωτηρίου is the chapter's leitmotif (vv. 1, 3, 6, 9).
τὸtheNominativearticle (with δῶρον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δῶρονgift / offeringNominativesubject ('his gift')→ participant prominenceδῶρον: 'gift / offering'; renders קָרְבָּן ('that which is brought near'); the LXX's preferred term for the worshipper's presented offering throughout Leviticus; here the subject of the implied 'is.'
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying δῶρον)→ relational specificationαὐτός: the genitive pronoun marks the offering as belonging to the individual worshipper whose voluntary act sets the rite in motion.
τῷto theDativearticle (with κυρίῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLORDDativedative of recipient (the offering is brought 'to the LORD')→ sphere or referenceκύριος: the standard LXX rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the dative of advantage names the divine recipient toward whom the whole rite is oriented.
ἐὰνifconditional conjunction (inner protasis with μέν: 'if on the one hand')→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: the inner conditional, paired with μέν, isolates the first of the three victim-options (the herd-case) anticipated by the δέ-cases of vv. 6 and 12.
μὲνindeed / on the one handcorrelative particle (anticipating the δέ-cases of vv. 6, 12)→ discourse linkage or contrastμέν: post-positive particle setting up a correlative contrast; the answering δέ falls at v. 6 (ἐὰν δὲ ἀπὸ τῶν προβάτων), structuring the chapter's three victim-cases.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source: 'from the herd')→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: 'from / out of'; with the genitive it specifies the source-flock from which the victim is drawn.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with βοῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βοῶνcattle / herdGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (source: the herd)→ relational specificationβοῦς (gen. pl. βοῶν): 'ox / cow / head of cattle'; renders בָּקָר ('herd'); the large-cattle option is the most costly of the three victim-classes, opening the sequence.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (the offerer's own herd)→ relational specificationαὐτός: the pronoun stresses that the animal comes from the worshipper's own possessions — a costly gift of his own substance.
προσαγάγῃhe should offer / bring nearAor Act Subj 3 Sg · προσάγωverb of the protasis (aorist subjunctive with ἐάν)→ aorist subjunctive in conditional protasis (single contemplated act of offering)προσάγω: 'bring near / present / offer'; renders הִקְרִיב, the technical verb of cultic presentation (cognate with קָרְבָּן/δῶρον); the prefix προσ- captures the bringing-near of the offering into the LORD's presence; the subjunctive belongs to the casuistic protasis.
ἐάνwhetherdisjunctive conditional (first member of ἐάν τε … ἐάν τε: 'whether … or')→ clausal contributionἐάν (with τε): in the correlative ἐάν τε … ἐάν τε construction it functions as 'whether … or,' admitting either sex of victim.
τεboth / andcorrelative particle (ἐάν τε … ἐάν τε)→ discourse linkage or contrastτε: enclitic correlative; the doubled τε links the two permitted options (male or female) as equally acceptable.
ἄρσενmaleAccusativeaccusative (option of the victim's sex: 'male')→ object specificationἄρσην: 'male'; renders זָכָר; unlike the whole-burnt-offering (1:3, male only), the peace-offering admits either sex, a sign of its more festive, less strictly expiatory character.
ἐάνor whetherdisjunctive conditional (second member: 'or')→ clausal contributionἐάν (with τε): the second member of the disjunction, introducing the alternative option.
τεorcorrelative particle (second τε of the pair)→ discourse linkage or contrastτε: enclitic correlative completing the 'whether … or' pairing.
θῆλυfemaleAccusativeaccusative (alternative option of sex: 'female')→ object specificationθῆλυς: 'female'; renders נְקֵבָה; the explicit permission of a female victim distinguishes the peace-offering from the burnt-offering and reflects its function as a voluntary fellowship-meal.
ἄμωμονunblemishedAccusativepredicate/attributive adjective (modifying αὐτό: 'present it unblemished')→ object specificationἄμωμος: 'without blemish / spotless'; renders תָּמִים; the cardinal requirement of all sacrificial victims (Lev 22:19–25); only a flawless animal is fit for the LORD, a motif the NT applies christologically (1 Pet 1:19; Heb 9:14).
προσάξειhe shall presentFut Act Indic 3 Sg · προσάγωmain verb of the apodosis (legislative instruction)→ legislative future (binding cultic prescription: 'he shall present')προσάγω: 'bring near / present'; the same verb as the protasis (προσαγάγῃ), now in the legislative future that pervades the chapter — the future indicative functions as binding instruction ('he shall'), not mere prediction; this is the apodosis of the casuistic law.
αὐτὸitAccusativedirect object of προσάξει (the victim)→ participant referenceαὐτός: the neuter pronoun (agreeing with δῶρον) refers to the offered animal.
ἐναντίονbefore / in the presence ofpreposition + genitive (locative: 'before the LORD')→ spatial or relational framingἐναντίον: 'before / in the presence of'; Hebraism rendering לִפְנֵי; locates the presentation at the sanctuary, in the LORD's presence, marking the act as cultic and public.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἐναντίον→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the genitive with ἐναντίον frames the whole rite as transacted coram Deo, in the LORD's own presence.
2

καὶ ἐπιθήσει τὰς χεῖρας ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν τοῦ δώρου καὶ σφάξει αὐτὸ παρὰ τὰς θύρας τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου καὶ προσχεοῦσιν οἱ υἱοὶ Ααρων οἱ ἱερεῖς τὸ αἷμα ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον τῶν ὁλοκαυτωμάτων κύκλῳ

And he shall lay his hands on the head of the gift and slaughter it beside the doors of the tent of witness, and the sons of Aaron, the priests, shall pour the blood around upon the altar of the whole-burnt-offerings.

Ritual sequence (hand-laying, slaughter, blood-manipulation)καὶ ἐπιθήσει
The verse chains the three core gestures of the rite by Hebraizing καί-parataxis: (1) the offerer lays his hands on the victim's head (identification/dedication), (2) slaughters it at the tent-door, and (3) the priests dash the blood around the altar. The shift from the offerer's singular acts (ἐπιθήσει, σφάξει) to the priests' plural blood-act (προσχεοῦσιν) marks the division of cultic labor: the lay worshipper kills, but only the priests handle the blood at the altar.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (Hebraizing καί-parataxis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιθήσειhe shall layFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (offerer's first ritual act)→ legislative future (prescribed ritual gesture)ἐπιτίθημι: 'place upon / lay on'; renders סָמַךְ (lean/press); the laying-on of hands (ἐπίθεσις τῶν χειρῶν) identifies the offerer with the victim and dedicates it; the same gesture grounds the NT theology of ordination and blessing (Acts 6:6; 1 Tim 4:14).
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with χεῖρας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραςhandsAccusativedirect object of ἐπιθήσει→ object specificationχείρ: 'hand'; renders יָד; the plural 'hands' (where MT often has the singular) emphasizes the full bodily act of pressing upon the victim's head.
ἐπὶon / uponpreposition + accusative (placement: 'upon the head')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: 'upon / onto'; locates the laying-on of hands precisely on the victim's head.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with κεφαλὴν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλὴνheadAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (locus of hand-laying)→ object specificationκεφαλή: 'head'; renders רֹאשׁ; the head is the point of contact for the identifying gesture, the representative part standing for the whole animal.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with δώρου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δώρουgiftGenitivegenitive of relationship (the head 'of the gift')→ relational specificationδῶρον: 'gift / offering' (cf. v. 1); the victim is again named by its cultic designation as the worshipper's presented gift.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (sequential)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σφάξειhe shall slaughterFut Act Indic 3 Sg · σφάζωmain verb (offerer's second ritual act)→ legislative future (prescribed act of slaughter)σφάζω: 'slaughter / slay (by cutting the throat)'; renders שָׁחַט, the technical verb for ritual killing; the lay offerer, not the priest, performs the slaughter — the priestly monopoly begins only with the blood; the same verb describes the slain Lamb at Rev 5:6, 12.
αὐτὸitAccusativedirect object of σφάξει (the victim)→ participant referenceαὐτός: neuter pronoun referring to the δῶρον (the animal).
παρὰbeside / bypreposition + accusative (place of slaughter)→ spatial or relational framingπαρά + acc.: 'beside / alongside'; locates the slaughter at the entrance of the sanctuary, the threshold between profane and sacred space.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with θύρας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θύραςdoors / entranceAccusativeaccusative object of παρά (place: 'at the doors')→ object specificationθύρα: 'door / entrance'; renders פֶּתַח; 'the doors (entrance) of the tent of witness' designates the courtyard before the sanctuary, the prescribed place for slaughter (cf. Lev 1:3, 5).
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with σκηνῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtentGenitivegenitive of relationship (the doors 'of the tent')→ relational specificationσκηνή: 'tent / tabernacle'; renders אֹהֶל; the σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου ('tent of witness') is the LXX's standard rendering of אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד, the portable sanctuary that is the locus of all sacrificial action.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with μαρτυρίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof witness / of testimonyGenitivegenitive of definition (qualifying σκηνῆς: 'tent of witness')→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: 'witness / testimony'; the LXX renders מוֹעֵד ('appointed meeting') by μαρτύριον, perhaps construing the root as עֵד ('witness'); the rendering frames the tent as the place of the covenant testimony, where the LORD meets and bears witness to his people.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (shift to priestly action)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσχεοῦσινthey shall pour aroundFut Act Indic 3 Pl · προσχέωmain verb (priests' blood-act, third person plural)→ legislative future (prescribed priestly blood-manipulation)προσχέω: 'pour upon / dash against'; renders זָרַק ('dash/sprinkle'); the shift to the plural priestly subject marks the blood-manipulation as the exclusive prerogative of Aaron's sons; the blood, the seat of life (Lev 17:11), is applied to the altar to effect atonement and consecration.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with υἱοὶ)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject of προσχεοῦσιν→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; renders בֵּן; 'the sons of Aaron' is the LXX's standing designation for the Aaronic priesthood, the only legitimate handlers of sacrificial blood at the altar.
Ααρωνof Aarongenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'sons of Aaron')→ participant identificationΑαρων: transliteration of Hebrew אַהֲרֹן; indeclinable in the LXX; Aaron, Moses' brother and first high priest, is the head of the priestly line whose sons officiate at the altar.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with ἱερεῖς, in apposition to υἱοὶ)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestsNominativenominative in apposition to υἱοὶ ('the sons of Aaron, the priests')→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: 'priest'; renders כֹּהֵן; the appositive 'the priests' specifies the official cultic role of Aaron's sons; only they may approach the altar with blood.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with αἷμα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἷμαbloodAccusativedirect object of προσχεοῦσιν→ object specificationαἷμα: 'blood'; renders דָּם; in Levitical theology the blood is the life (Lev 17:11) and the agent of atonement; its prohibition from human consumption is the burden of v. 17.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (target of the blood)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: 'upon / against'; directs the dashed blood onto the altar.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with θυσιαστήριον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (the altar)→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar'; a LXX coinage (from θυσιάζω) rendering מִזְבֵּחַ, reserved for the legitimate altar of the LORD (pagan altars being βωμός); the great bronze altar of burnt-offering stands in the tabernacle court.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with ὁλοκαυτωμάτων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁλοκαυτωμάτωνof the whole-burnt-offeringsGenitivegenitive of definition (qualifying θυσιαστήριον: 'altar of the burnt-offerings')→ relational specificationὁλοκαύτωμα: 'whole-burnt-offering'; renders עֹלָה; the compound (ὅλος + καίω, 'wholly burned') names the offering consumed entirely on the altar; here it identifies the altar — 'the altar of the whole-burnt-offerings' — distinguishing the great bronze altar from the incense altar.
κύκλῳround aboutadverb of place (dative form: 'all around')→ clausal contributionκύκλῳ: 'in a circle / round about'; adverbial dative of κύκλος rendering סָבִיב; the blood is dashed against all four sides of the altar's base, encircling it.
3

καὶ προσάξουσιν ἀπὸ τῆς θυσίας τοῦ σωτηρίου κάρπωμα κυρίῳ τὸ στέαρ τὸ κατακαλύπτον τὴν κοιλίαν καὶ πᾶν τὸ στέαρ τὸ ἐπὶ τῆς κοιλίας

And they shall present from the sacrifice of deliverance an offering by fire to the LORD: the fat that covers the belly and all the fat that is upon the belly,

Specification of the LORD's portion (the fat parts to be burned)καὶ προσάξουσιν
The verse begins the inventory of the κάρπωμα — the fat portions reserved for the LORD and turned to smoke on the altar. The partitive ἀπὸ τῆς θυσίας ('from the sacrifice') signals that only a part of the peace-offering goes to the altar; the rest is shared by priest and offerer (Lev 7:15–18, 31–34), which is what distinguishes the σωτήριον from the wholly-consumed ὁλοκαύτωμα. The first item is the great omental fat (τὸ στέαρ τὸ κατακαλύπτον τὴν κοιλίαν).
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσάξουσινthey shall presentFut Act Indic 3 Pl · προσάγωmain verb (priests present the fat-portion)→ legislative future (prescribed presentation of the altar-portion)προσάγω: 'bring near / present / offer'; the plural subject (the priests of v. 2) now bring forward the fat as the LORD's portion; the verb resumes the cultic 'presentation' language of v. 1.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (partitive: 'a part from the sacrifice')→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: 'from'; the partitive ἀπό marks that only a portion of the victim — the fat — is burned on the altar, the rest being eaten; this is the defining feature of the shared peace-offering.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with θυσίας)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίαςsacrificeGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (source: the sacrifice)→ relational specificationθυσία: 'sacrifice' (cf. v. 1); the partitive genitive names the whole offering from which the fat-portion is taken.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with σωτηρίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σωτηρίουof deliveranceGenitivegenitive of definition (qualifying θυσίας: 'sacrifice of deliverance')→ relational specificationσωτήριον: 'deliverance / well-being' (cf. v. 1); the recurring leitmotif-phrase τῆς θυσίας τοῦ σωτηρίου anchors the inventory in the peace-offering rite.
κάρπωμαoffering by fire / burnt portionAccusativeaccusative in apposition / object (the portion presented as a fire-offering)→ object specificationκάρπωμα: 'burnt offering / offering by fire'; a LXX cultic term (from καρπόω, 'offer in smoke') rendering אִשֶּׁה ('fire-offering'); it designates the portion turned to smoke for the LORD, the technical category under which the fat is given.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of recipient (the fire-offering 'to the LORD')→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the dative names the divine recipient of the burned fat — the LORD's exclusive portion of the shared sacrifice.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with στέαρ, in apposition to κάρπωμα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στέαρfatAccusativeaccusative in apposition to κάρπωμα (defining the fire-offering: 'the fat')→ object specificationστέαρ: 'fat / suet'; renders חֵלֶב, the hard fat reserved for the LORD; στέαρ is the chapter's central material noun (vv. 3, 4, 9, 10, 14, 15, 16, 17); its burning expresses that the richest part belongs to God alone.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (introducing the attributive participle κατακαλύπτον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατακαλύπτονcoveringPres Act Ptcp Acc Sg Neut · κατακαλύπτωattributive participle (modifying στέαρ: 'the fat that covers')→ attributive present participle (describing the omental fat)κατακαλύπτω: 'cover over / veil'; renders כָּסָה; the present participle (articular, attributive) describes the omentum — the caul of fat that drapes over and conceals the entrails; the prefix κατα- intensifies the sense of full covering.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with κοιλίαν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κοιλίανbelly / entrailsAccusativedirect object of κατακαλύπτον (what the fat covers)→ object specificationκοιλία: 'belly / inward parts / entrails'; renders קֶרֶב; here the abdominal cavity over which the omental fat lies; the fat 'covering the belly' and 'upon the belly' together name the visceral suet given to the altar.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (adding the second fat-item)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶνallAccusativeadjective (modifying στέαρ: 'all the fat')→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all / every'; the neuter πᾶν agrees with στέαρ; the totalizing 'all the fat' ensures that none of the visceral fat is withheld from the LORD's portion.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with second στέαρ)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στέαρfatAccusativeaccusative (second fat-item, coordinate with the first)→ object specificationστέαρ: 'fat' (cf. above); the repetition with πᾶν underscores the comprehensiveness of the fat dedicated to the altar.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (introducing the prepositional attributive ἐπὶ τῆς κοιλίας)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (location of the fat: 'upon the belly')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: 'upon / on'; with the article τό it forms an attributive phrase 'the [fat] that is upon the belly,' specifying the location of the second portion of suet.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with κοιλίας)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κοιλίαςbelly / entrailsGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (location: 'upon the belly')→ relational specificationκοιλία: 'belly / entrails' (cf. above); the genitive locates the second fat-portion lying upon the visceral mass.
4

καὶ τοὺς δύο νεφροὺς καὶ τὸ στέαρ τὸ ἐπ᾿ αὐτῶν τὸ ἐπὶ τῶν μηρίων καὶ τὸν λοβὸν τὸν ἐπὶ τοῦ ἥπατος σὺν τοῖς νεφροῖς περιελεῖ

and the two kidneys and the fat that is upon them, that is upon the flanks, and the lobe that is upon the liver — together with the kidneys he shall remove it.

Continuation of the fat-inventory (kidneys, flank-fat, liver-lobe)καὶ τοὺς δύο νεφροὺς
The verse completes the catalogue of the LORD's portion begun in v. 3, adding the two kidneys with their fat at the flanks and the lobe of the liver. The string of accusatives (νεφρούς, στέαρ, λοβόν) all hang on the verb περιελεῖ ('he shall remove') held to the very end of the verse — a periodic Hebraizing word-order that suspends the governing verb after its objects. This same anatomical inventory recurs verbatim for the goat (vv. 14–15) and, with the fat tail added, for the lamb (vv. 9–10).
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (continuing the object-list)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with νεφροὺς)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύοtwoAccusativenumeral (modifying νεφροὺς: 'the two kidneys')→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; renders שְׁתֵּי; the indeclinable numeral specifies both kidneys; the precise anatomical enumeration reflects the priestly concern for exact ritual conformity.
νεφροὺςkidneysAccusativedirect object of περιελεῖ (object of the fat-removal)→ object specificationνεφρός: 'kidney'; renders כְּלָיוֹת; the kidneys, embedded in suet, are part of the LORD's portion; in Hebrew idiom the kidneys are also the seat of the inmost self and conscience (Ps 7:9; Jer 11:20), though here the sense is strictly anatomical.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with στέαρ)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στέαρfatAccusativedirect object of περιελεῖ (the fat on the kidneys)→ object specificationστέαρ: 'fat' (cf. v. 3); here the fat adhering to the kidneys and reaching toward the flanks.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (introducing attributive ἐπ᾿ αὐτῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπ᾿uponpreposition + genitive (elided before vowel: 'upon them')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: 'upon'; elided to ἐπ᾿ before the rough/smooth vowel; with the article forms the attributive phrase 'the [fat] that is upon them (the kidneys).'
αὐτῶνthemGenitivegenitive object of ἐπ᾿ (the kidneys)→ relational specificationαὐτός: the genitive plural pronoun refers back to the two kidneys, locating the fat upon them.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (introducing a second attributive ἐπὶ τῶν μηρίων)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπὶupon / atpreposition + genitive ('upon the flanks')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: 'upon / at'; with the article forms the attributive 'the [fat] that is at the flanks,' further localizing the suet.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with μηρίων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μηρίωνflanks / loinsGenitivegenitive object of ἐπὶ (location: 'at the flanks')→ relational specificationμηρίον (dim. of μηρός): 'thigh / flank / loin'; renders כְּסָלִים ('loins/flanks'); the fat reaching toward the flanks is part of the suet removed for the altar.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with λοβὸν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λοβὸνlobeAccusativedirect object of περιελεῖ (the liver-lobe)→ object specificationλοβός: 'lobe / flap'; renders יֹתֶרֶת ('appendage/caudate lobe'); the λοβὸς τοῦ ἥπατος is the projecting lobe of the liver, removed with the kidneys as part of the LORD's portion; a fixed item of the fat-inventory throughout Leviticus.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (introducing attributive ἐπὶ τοῦ ἥπατος)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπὶupon / bypreposition + genitive ('upon the liver')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: 'upon / over'; with the article forms the attributive 'the lobe that is upon the liver,' specifying which lobe is meant.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with ἥπατος)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἥπατοςliverGenitivegenitive object of ἐπὶ (location: 'upon the liver')→ relational specificationἧπαρ (gen. ἥπατος): 'liver'; renders כָּבֵד; the liver itself is not burned, but its projecting lobe is; in surrounding cultures the liver was used in divination (hepatoscopy), but Israelite law gives it no mantic role — only a fixed sacrificial portion.
σὺνtogether withpreposition + dative (accompaniment: 'with the kidneys')→ spatial or relational framingσύν: 'with / together with'; renders עַל ('together with') here; the lobe is removed 'with the kidneys,' the items taken as a single connected portion of suet.
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with νεφροῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νεφροῖςkidneysDativedative object of σὺν (accompaniment)→ sphere or referenceνεφρός: 'kidney' (cf. above); the dative with σύν marks the kidneys as removed together with the liver-lobe as one ritual unit.
περιελεῖhe shall removeFut Act Indic 3 Sg · περιαιρέωmain verb (held to verse-end, governing all preceding accusatives)→ legislative future (prescribed removal of the fat-portion)περιαιρέω: 'take away / strip off / remove all around'; renders הֵסִיר; the prefix περι- captures the careful detaching of the suet from all around the organs; the verb is suspended to the end of the verse in periodic Hebraizing order, gathering up the whole accusative inventory as its object.
5

καὶ ἀνοίσουσιν αὐτὰ οἱ υἱοὶ Ααρων οἱ ἱερεῖς ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον ἐπὶ τὰ ὁλοκαυτώματα ἐπὶ τὰ ξύλα τὰ ἐπὶ τοῦ πυρὸς ἐπὶ τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου κάρπωμα ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας κυρίῳ

And the sons of Aaron, the priests, shall offer them up upon the altar, upon the whole-burnt-offerings, upon the wood that is on the fire upon the altar — an offering by fire, an aroma of fragrance to the LORD.

Climax of the herd-rite: the fat turned to smoke as a pleasing aromaκαὶ ἀνοίσουσιν
The herd-case closes with the priests burning the fat-portions on the altar. The fourfold ἐπί ('upon the altar … upon the burnt-offerings … upon the wood … upon the fire') layers the fat atop the daily whole-burnt-offering, so the σωτήριον fat ascends with the continual עֹלָה. The verse ends with the verbless cultic formula κάρπωμα ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας κυρίῳ ('an offering by fire, an aroma of fragrance to the LORD'), the standard expression of divine acceptance (cf. Gen 8:21).
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνοίσουσινthey shall offer upFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀναφέρωmain verb (priests burn the fat on the altar)→ legislative future (prescribed burning of the altar-portion)ἀναφέρω: 'bring up / offer up / cause to ascend'; renders הִקְטִיר / הֶעֱלָה; the prefix ἀνα- ('up') captures the smoke rising to the LORD; the verb is the technical term for turning a portion to smoke on the altar (cf. Heb 7:27; 1 Pet 2:5, 24).
αὐτὰthemAccusativedirect object of ἀνοίσουσιν (the fat-portions of vv. 3–4)→ participant referenceαὐτός: the neuter plural pronoun gathers up all the fat-portions enumerated in vv. 3–4 as the object of the burning.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with υἱοὶ)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject of ἀνοίσουσιν→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son' (cf. v. 2); 'the sons of Aaron the priests' again as the officiating subject of the altar-act.
Ααρωνof Aarongenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑαρων: transliteration of אַהֲרֹן; indeclinable; the priestly line who alone may burn the LORD's portion on the altar.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with ἱερεῖς)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestsNominativenominative in apposition to υἱοὶ→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: 'priest' (cf. v. 2); the appositive defines the cultic office of Aaron's sons.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (first of four: 'upon the altar')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: 'upon'; the first of a fourfold ἐπί stacking the fat onto the altar-apparatus.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with θυσιαστήριον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπὶ (the altar)→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar' (cf. v. 2); the great altar of burnt-offering on which the fat is turned to smoke.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (second: 'upon the burnt-offerings')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: the second layer — the σωτήριον fat is placed atop the burnt-offerings already on the altar.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ὁλοκαυτώματα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁλοκαυτώματαwhole-burnt-offeringsAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπὶ (the burnt-offerings on the altar)→ object specificationὁλοκαύτωμα: 'whole-burnt-offering' (cf. v. 2); the peace-offering fat is laid upon the continual עֹלָה, ascending together with it as one smoke to the LORD.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (third: 'upon the wood')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: the third layer — upon the wood that fuels the altar fire.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ξύλα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ξύλαwoodAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπὶ (the altar wood)→ object specificationξύλον: 'wood / timber'; renders עֵצִים; the wood arranged on the altar fire (cf. Lev 1:7–8); the noun also carries, in NT usage, the sense of 'tree/cross' (Acts 5:30; 1 Pet 2:24).
τὰtheAccusativearticle (introducing attributive ἐπὶ τοῦ πυρὸς)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (attributive: 'the wood that is on the fire')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: 'on / upon'; with the article forms the attributive 'the wood that is on the fire.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with πυρὸς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πυρὸςfireGenitivegenitive object of ἐπὶ (location: 'on the fire')→ relational specificationπῦρ: 'fire'; renders אֵשׁ; the altar fire that consumes the offering; in priestly theology this fire is perpetually maintained (Lev 6:12–13) and originally kindled by the LORD himself (Lev 9:24).
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (fourth: 'upon the altar')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: the fourth and final locative, restating that the whole apparatus sits 'upon the altar.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with θυσιαστηρίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστηρίουaltarGenitivegenitive object of ἐπὶ (location: 'upon the altar')→ relational specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar' (cf. v. 2); the genitive closes the layered locative chain, fixing the whole burning 'upon the altar.'
κάρπωμαoffering by fireNominativenominative in the verbless acceptance-formula ('[it is] an offering by fire')→ participant prominenceκάρπωμα: 'offering by fire' (cf. v. 3); the term opens the standing cultic formula κάρπωμα ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας κυρίῳ, a nominal predication describing the burned fat as a fire-offering acceptable to the LORD.
ὀσμὴaroma / smellNominativenominative in apposition (the acceptance-formula: 'an aroma')→ participant prominenceὀσμή: 'smell / odor / aroma'; renders רֵיחַ; in the formula ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας ('aroma of fragrance') it denotes the smoke ascending pleasingly to the LORD; Paul transfers the phrase to Christ's self-offering (Eph 5:2) and to the apostolic life (2 Cor 2:14–16).
εὐωδίαςof fragrance / of sweet smellGenitivegenitive of quality (qualifying ὀσμὴ: 'aroma of fragrance')→ relational specificationεὐωδία: 'fragrance / sweet smell'; renders נִיחֹחַ ('soothing/pleasing'); the genitive of quality forms the Hebraistic superlative idiom 'a pleasing aroma'; the whole phrase ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας is the LXX's fixed signal of divine acceptance of a sacrifice.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of recipient (the aroma 'to the LORD')→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the dative names the LORD as the one to whom the fragrant smoke ascends and by whom the offering is received.
6

ἐὰν δὲ ἀπὸ τῶν προβάτων τὸ δῶρον αὐτοῦ θυσίαν σωτηρίου τῷ κυρίῳ ἄρσεν ἢ θῆλυ ἄμωμον προσοίσει αὐτό

But if his gift to the LORD as a sacrifice of deliverance is from the flock, male or female, he shall offer it unblemished.

Second legislative case (the flock-offering): the δέ answering the μέν of v. 1ἐὰν δὲ ἀπὸ τῶν προβάτων
The second of the three victim-cases. The ἐὰν δέ here answers the ἐὰν μέν of v. 1, marking the shift from herd to flock (πρόβατα). The structure deliberately parallels v. 1 — same partitive source-construction, same male-or-female permission, same ἄμωμον requirement — establishing the flock-offering as a less costly but equally valid alternative to the herd-offering.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ἐὰνifconditional conjunction (new casuistic protasis)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: 'if'; opens the second victim-case (the flock), parallel to v. 1.
δὲbut / nowcorrelative adversative (answering the μέν of v. 1)→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: post-positive particle; here the answering member of the μέν … δέ structure begun at v. 1, marking the move from the herd-case to the flock-case.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source: 'from the flock')→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: 'from'; with the genitive specifies the flock as the source of the victim, parallel to ἐκ τῶν βοῶν in v. 1.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with προβάτων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προβάτωνflock / sheepGenitivegenitive object of ἀπὸ (source: the flock)→ relational specificationπρόβατον: 'sheep / small cattle'; renders צֹאן ('flock', sheep and goats); the flock-option is the second, less costly victim-class; v. 7 will narrow it to a lamb (ἄρνα).
τὸtheNominativearticle (with δῶρον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δῶρονgiftNominativesubject ('his gift')→ participant prominenceδῶρον: 'gift / offering' (cf. v. 1); the worshipper's presented offering, here drawn from the flock.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying δῶρον)→ relational specificationαὐτός: genitive pronoun marking the offering as the worshipper's own.
θυσίανsacrificeAccusativeaccusative of apposition / purpose (offered 'as a sacrifice of deliverance')→ object specificationθυσία: 'sacrifice' (cf. v. 1); the accusative defines the cultic category under which the flock-gift is brought — again the θυσία σωτηρίου.
σωτηρίουof deliveranceGenitivegenitive of definition (qualifying θυσίαν)→ relational specificationσωτήριον: 'deliverance / well-being' (cf. v. 1); the leitmotif-genitive identifying the rite.
τῷto theDativearticle (with κυρίῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLORDDativedative of recipient (the offering 'to the LORD')→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the dative names the divine recipient toward whom the flock-offering is directed.
ἄρσενmaleAccusativeaccusative (option of sex: 'male')→ object specificationἄρσην: 'male' (cf. v. 1); the flock-offering, like the herd-offering, admits either sex.
ἢordisjunctive particle ('male or female')→ discourse linkage or contrastἤ: 'or'; the simple disjunctive (here replacing the ἐάν τε … ἐάν τε of v. 1) offers the two sex-options as equally acceptable.
θῆλυfemaleAccusativeaccusative (alternative option: 'female')→ object specificationθῆλυς: 'female' (cf. v. 1); the female option, again distinguishing the peace-offering from the male-only burnt-offering.
ἄμωμονunblemishedAccusativepredicate/attributive adjective (modifying αὐτό)→ object specificationἄμωμος: 'without blemish' (cf. v. 1); the non-negotiable requirement of soundness applies equally to the flock-victim.
προσοίσειhe shall offerFut Act Indic 3 Sg · προσφέρωmain verb of the apodosis (legislative instruction)→ legislative future (binding cultic prescription)προσφέρω: 'bring to / offer / present'; renders הִקְרִיב (a near-synonym of προσάγω in v. 1); the chapter alternates προσάγω and προσφέρω for the act of presentation; προσφέρω is the dominant cultic 'offer' verb taken up in Hebrews (5:1; 9:14).
αὐτόitAccusativedirect object of προσοίσει (the victim)→ participant referenceαὐτός: neuter pronoun (agreeing with δῶρον) referring to the flock-animal.
7

ἐὰν ἄρνα προσαγάγῃ τὸ δῶρον αὐτοῦ προσάξει αὐτὸ ἔναντι κυρίου

If he offers a lamb as his gift, he shall present it before the LORD.

Sub-case of the flock-offering: the lamb specificallyἐὰν ἄρνα προσαγάγῃ
A nested protasis narrowing the flock-case to a lamb (ἄρνα). The structure mirrors v. 1 in miniature (conditional προσαγάγῃ followed by legislative προσάξει), and prepares for the lamb's distinctive feature — the offering of the whole fat tail — detailed in v. 9. The change of preposition from ἐναντίον (v. 1) to ἔναντι is purely stylistic; both render לִפְנֵי ('before').
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐὰνifconditional conjunction (sub-protasis)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: 'if'; introduces the lamb sub-case within the flock-offering.
ἄρναlambAccusativedirect object of προσαγάγῃ (the specific victim)→ object specificationἀρήν (acc. ἄρνα): 'lamb / young sheep'; renders כֶּשֶׂב; the lamb is the paradigmatic flock-victim; the lexeme stands behind the NT designation of Christ as the ἀμνός / ἀρνίον (John 1:29; Rev 5:6).
προσαγάγῃhe should offerAor Act Subj 3 Sg · προσάγωverb of the protasis (aorist subjunctive with ἐὰν)→ aorist subjunctive in conditional protasis (single contemplated act)προσάγω: 'bring near / present' (cf. v. 1); the aorist subjunctive belongs to the casuistic 'if he offers' protasis, answered by the legislative προσάξει.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with δῶρον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δῶρονgiftAccusativeaccusative in apposition to ἄρνα (the lamb 'as his gift')→ object specificationδῶρον: 'gift / offering' (cf. v. 1); the lamb is identified as the worshipper's presented gift.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying δῶρον)→ relational specificationαὐτός: genitive pronoun marking the lamb as the offerer's own gift.
προσάξειhe shall presentFut Act Indic 3 Sg · προσάγωmain verb of the apodosis (legislative instruction)→ legislative future (binding cultic prescription)προσάγω: 'bring near / present' (cf. v. 1); the legislative future answering the protasis, prescribing the lamb's presentation before the LORD.
αὐτὸitAccusativedirect object of προσάξει (the lamb)→ participant referenceαὐτός: neuter pronoun referring to the lamb (δῶρον).
ἔναντιbefore / in the presence ofpreposition + genitive (locative: 'before the LORD')→ spatial or relational framingἔναντι: 'before / in the presence of'; a near-synonym of ἐναντίον (v. 1), both rendering לִפְנֵי; the variation is stylistic, with no difference of meaning.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἔναντι→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the genitive with ἔναντι frames the presentation as occurring in the LORD's presence.
8

καὶ ἐπιθήσει τὰς χεῖρας ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν τοῦ δώρου αὐτοῦ καὶ σφάξει αὐτὸ παρὰ τὰς θύρας τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου καὶ προσχεοῦσιν οἱ υἱοὶ Ααρων οἱ ἱερεῖς τὸ αἷμα ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον κύκλῳ

And he shall lay his hands on the head of his gift and slaughter it beside the doors of the tent of witness, and the sons of Aaron, the priests, shall pour the blood around upon the altar.

Ritual sequence for the lamb (parallel to v. 2)καὶ ἐπιθήσει
The flock-rite repeats the herd-rite of v. 2 almost verbatim: hand-laying, slaughter at the tent-door, and the priests' blood-dashing around the altar. The single difference is the omission of τῶν ὁλοκαυτωμάτων ('of the whole-burnt-offerings') after θυσιαστήριον — the altar is named simply 'the altar.' The verbatim repetition is a feature of priestly legal style, reinforcing the fixed, non-negotiable shape of the rite across all three victim-classes.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιθήσειhe shall layFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (offerer's hand-laying)→ legislative future (prescribed ritual gesture)ἐπιτίθημι: 'place upon / lay on' (cf. v. 2); the offerer's identifying gesture, repeated for the flock-victim.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with χεῖρας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραςhandsAccusativedirect object of ἐπιθήσει→ object specificationχείρ: 'hand' (cf. v. 2); the plural marks the full bodily pressing upon the victim's head.
ἐπὶon / uponpreposition + accusative (placement)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: 'upon'; locates the hand-laying on the head.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with κεφαλὴν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλὴνheadAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπὶ (locus of hand-laying)→ object specificationκεφαλή: 'head' (cf. v. 2); the point of contact for the identifying gesture.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with δώρου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δώρουgiftGenitivegenitive of relationship (the head 'of his gift')→ relational specificationδῶρον: 'gift / offering' (cf. v. 1); the lamb again named by its cultic designation.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying δώρου)→ relational specificationαὐτός: genitive pronoun, 'his gift'; here added (where v. 2 lacked it) — a minor expansion in the flock-rite.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (sequential)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σφάξειhe shall slaughterFut Act Indic 3 Sg · σφάζωmain verb (offerer's slaughter)→ legislative future (prescribed act of slaughter)σφάζω: 'slaughter / slay' (cf. v. 2); the lay offerer kills the lamb at the sanctuary entrance.
αὐτὸitAccusativedirect object of σφάξει (the lamb)→ participant referenceαὐτός: neuter pronoun referring to the lamb (δῶρον).
παρὰbeside / bypreposition + accusative (place of slaughter)→ spatial or relational framingπαρά + acc.: 'beside' (cf. v. 2); the slaughter is performed at the tent-entrance.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with θύρας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θύραςdoors / entranceAccusativeaccusative object of παρὰ (place: 'at the doors')→ object specificationθύρα: 'door / entrance' (cf. v. 2); the prescribed place of slaughter before the sanctuary.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with σκηνῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtentGenitivegenitive of relationship (the doors 'of the tent')→ relational specificationσκηνή: 'tent / tabernacle' (cf. v. 2); the σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου, locus of all sacrificial action.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with μαρτυρίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof witnessGenitivegenitive of definition (qualifying σκηνῆς)→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: 'witness / testimony' (cf. v. 2); the LXX's rendering of מוֹעֵד, framing the tent as the place of covenant testimony.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (shift to priestly action)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσχεοῦσινthey shall pour aroundFut Act Indic 3 Pl · προσχέωmain verb (priests' blood-act)→ legislative future (prescribed priestly blood-manipulation)προσχέω: 'pour upon / dash' (cf. v. 2); the priestly blood-dashing, again the exclusive prerogative of Aaron's sons.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with υἱοὶ)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject of προσχεοῦσιν→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son' (cf. v. 2); 'the sons of Aaron' as the officiating priests.
Ααρωνof Aarongenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑαρων: transliteration of אַהֲרֹן; indeclinable; the priestly line.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with ἱερεῖς)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestsNominativenominative in apposition to υἱοὶ→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: 'priest' (cf. v. 2); the official cultic role of Aaron's sons.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with αἷμα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἷμαbloodAccusativedirect object of προσχεοῦσιν→ object specificationαἷμα: 'blood' (cf. v. 2); the life-bearing blood applied to the altar; its consumption is forbidden in v. 17.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (target of the blood)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: 'upon'; directs the dashed blood onto the altar.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with θυσιαστήριον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπὶ (the altar)→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar' (cf. v. 2); here named simply 'the altar' (without τῶν ὁλοκαυτωμάτων), the one minor difference from v. 2.
κύκλῳround aboutadverb of place ('all around')→ clausal contributionκύκλῳ: 'round about' (cf. v. 2); the blood is dashed against all sides of the altar.
9

καὶ προσοίσει ἀπὸ τῆς θυσίας τοῦ σωτηρίου κάρπωμα τῷ θεῷ τὸ στέαρ καὶ τὴν ὀσφὺν ἄμωμον σὺν ταῖς ψόαις περιελεῖ αὐτό καὶ τὸ στέαρ τῆς κοιλίας

And from the sacrifice of deliverance he shall present an offering by fire to God: the fat and the fat tail, unblemished, with the loins he shall remove it, and the fat of the belly,

The LORD's portion in the lamb-rite: distinctively, the whole fat tailκαὶ προσοίσει
The fat-inventory for the lamb parallels vv. 3–4 but adds a feature unique to sheep: the entire fat tail (ἡ ὀσφύς, Hebrew אַלְיָה), the large fatty appendage of the broad-tailed sheep, removed close by the backbone (σὺν ταῖς ψόαις). Notably, here alone the recipient is named τῷ θεῷ ('to God') rather than the κυρίῳ ('to the LORD') of the parallel verses (3, 5, 11, 14, 16) — a variation in divine designation within the otherwise formulaic frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσοίσειhe shall presentFut Act Indic 3 Sg · προσφέρωmain verb (presentation of the fat-portion)→ legislative future (prescribed presentation of the altar-portion)προσφέρω: 'bring to / offer' (cf. v. 6); the singular subject (the offerer or priest) presents the fat as the divine portion.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (partitive: 'a part from the sacrifice')→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: 'from' (cf. v. 3); the partitive marking only the fat as the altar-portion.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with θυσίας)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίαςsacrificeGenitivegenitive object of ἀπὸ (source: the sacrifice)→ relational specificationθυσία: 'sacrifice' (cf. v. 1); the whole offering from which the fat is taken.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with σωτηρίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σωτηρίουof deliveranceGenitivegenitive of definition (qualifying θυσίας)→ relational specificationσωτήριον: 'deliverance / well-being' (cf. v. 1); the leitmotif-phrase τῆς θυσίας τοῦ σωτηρίου.
κάρπωμαoffering by fireAccusativeaccusative object / apposition (the portion presented as a fire-offering)→ object specificationκάρπωμα: 'offering by fire' (cf. v. 3); the technical category under which the fat is given to the altar.
τῷto theDativearticle (with θεῷ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεῷto GodDativedative of recipient (the fire-offering 'to God')→ sphere or referenceθεός: 'God'; renders אֱלֹהִים / the divine recipient; notably here the LXX has τῷ θεῷ where the parallel verses read κυρίῳ ('to the LORD'); the variation in divine designation within the formulaic frame is a distinctive textual feature of this verse (cf. text_note).
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with στέαρ)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στέαρfatAccusativeaccusative in apposition to κάρπωμα (defining the fire-offering)→ object specificationστέαρ: 'fat / suet' (cf. v. 3); the LORD's portion, the richest part of the victim.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (adding the fat tail)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with ὀσφὺν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀσφὺνfat tail / rumpAccusativedirect object of περιελεῖ (the distinctive item of the lamb-offering)→ object specificationὀσφῦς: 'loin / rump'; here rendering אַלְיָה ('fat tail'); the large fatty tail of the broad-tailed (fat-tailed) Near Eastern sheep, a delicacy and the distinctive added portion of the lamb peace-offering (cf. Lev 7:3; 8:25; 9:19); not part of the herd- or goat-offering.
ἄμωμονunblemished / wholeAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ὀσφὺν: the fat tail 'entire/sound')→ object specificationἄμωμος: 'without blemish / sound / entire' (cf. v. 1); here applied to the fat tail, perhaps in the sense 'taken whole/intact,' the entire tail removed close to the backbone.
σὺνtogether withpreposition + dative (accompaniment: 'with the loins')→ spatial or relational framingσύν: 'with / together with' (cf. v. 4); the fat tail is taken 'with the loins,' i.e. severed close by the backbone.
ταῖςtheDativearticle (with ψόαις)→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψόαιςloins / backboneDativedative object of σὺν (accompaniment)→ sphere or referenceψόα (pl. ψόαι): 'loin / muscle by the backbone'; renders עָצֶה ('backbone/spine region'); the fat tail is detached σὺν ταῖς ψόαις, 'with/by the loins,' i.e. cut off right at the spine where the tail joins the body.
περιελεῖhe shall removeFut Act Indic 3 Sg · περιαιρέωmain verb (removal of the fat tail)→ legislative future (prescribed removal of the portion)περιαιρέω: 'take away / remove' (cf. v. 4); here governing the fat tail with its loins, the distinctive lamb-portion to be detached.
αὐτόitAccusativedirect object of περιελεῖ (the fat tail)→ participant referenceαὐτός: neuter pronoun, resuming the fat tail (treated as the neuter στέαρ-portion) as the object of removal.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (adding the visceral fat)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with στέαρ)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στέαρfatAccusativeaccusative (the visceral fat, coordinate item)→ object specificationστέαρ: 'fat' (cf. v. 3); here the fat of the belly/entrails, the same visceral suet as in the herd-rite.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with κοιλίας)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κοιλίαςbelly / entrailsGenitivegenitive of relationship (the fat 'of the belly')→ relational specificationκοιλία: 'belly / entrails' (cf. v. 3); the visceral cavity whose fat is added to the LORD's portion.
10

καὶ ἀμφοτέρους τοὺς νεφροὺς καὶ τὸ στέαρ τὸ ἐπ᾿ αὐτῶν τὸ ἐπὶ τῶν μηρίων καὶ τὸν λοβὸν τὸν ἐπὶ τοῦ ἥπατος σὺν τοῖς νεφροῖς περιελών

and both the kidneys and the fat that is upon them, that is upon the flanks, and the lobe that is upon the liver — having removed it together with the kidneys,

Continuation of the lamb fat-inventory (kidneys, flank-fat, liver-lobe)καὶ ἀμφοτέρους τοὺς νεφροὺς
The inventory matches v. 4 almost exactly, with two differences: ἀμφοτέρους ('both') replaces δύο ('two') for the kidneys, and the verse closes with the aorist participle περιελών ('having removed') rather than the finite future περιελεῖ. The participle leaves v. 10 grammatically open, its main verb supplied by ἀνοίσει at the head of v. 11 — so vv. 10–11 form a single sentence: 'having removed [these], the priest shall offer them up.'
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (continuing the object-list)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀμφοτέρουςbothAccusativeadjective (modifying νεφροὺς: 'both kidneys')→ object specificationἀμφότεροι: 'both'; here in place of δύο ('two', v. 4); renders שְׁתֵּי; both kidneys with their fat belong to the LORD's portion.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with νεφροὺς)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νεφροὺςkidneysAccusativedirect object (governed by περιελών)→ object specificationνεφρός: 'kidney' (cf. v. 4); embedded in suet, part of the divine portion.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with στέαρ)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στέαρfatAccusativedirect object (the fat on the kidneys)→ object specificationστέαρ: 'fat' (cf. v. 3); the fat adhering to the kidneys and reaching to the flanks.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (introducing attributive ἐπ᾿ αὐτῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπ᾿uponpreposition + genitive (elided: 'upon them')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: 'upon' (cf. v. 4); with the article, 'the [fat] that is upon them (the kidneys).'
αὐτῶνthemGenitivegenitive object of ἐπ᾿ (the kidneys)→ relational specificationαὐτός: genitive plural pronoun referring to the two kidneys.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (introducing attributive ἐπὶ τῶν μηρίων)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπὶupon / atpreposition + genitive ('upon the flanks')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: 'at / upon' (cf. v. 4); 'the [fat] that is at the flanks.'
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with μηρίων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μηρίωνflanks / loinsGenitivegenitive object of ἐπὶ (location: 'at the flanks')→ relational specificationμηρίον: 'thigh / flank' (cf. v. 4); the fat reaching toward the flanks.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with λοβὸν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λοβὸνlobeAccusativedirect object (the liver-lobe)→ object specificationλοβός: 'lobe / flap' (cf. v. 4); the projecting lobe of the liver, a fixed item of the fat-inventory.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (introducing attributive ἐπὶ τοῦ ἥπατος)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπὶupon / bypreposition + genitive ('upon the liver')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: 'upon' (cf. v. 4); 'the lobe that is upon the liver.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with ἥπατος)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἥπατοςliverGenitivegenitive object of ἐπὶ (location: 'upon the liver')→ relational specificationἧπαρ (gen. ἥπατος): 'liver' (cf. v. 4); its projecting lobe is removed with the kidneys.
σὺνtogether withpreposition + dative (accompaniment: 'with the kidneys')→ spatial or relational framingσύν: 'with' (cf. v. 4); the lobe removed together with the kidneys as one portion.
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with νεφροῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νεφροῖςkidneysDativedative object of σὺν (accompaniment)→ sphere or referenceνεφρός: 'kidney' (cf. v. 4); the kidneys removed together with the liver-lobe as a single ritual unit.
περιελώνhaving removedAor Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · περιαιρέωcircumstantial participle (subordinate to ἀνοίσει of v. 11)→ antecedent aorist participle (the removal preceding the offering-up)περιαιρέω: 'take away / remove' (cf. v. 4); here the aorist participle (masculine nominative, agreeing with ὁ ἱερεύς of v. 11) marks the removal as logically prior to and subordinate to the main verb ἀνοίσει — 'having removed [these], the priest shall offer them up'; vv. 10–11 thus form one sentence.
11

ἀνοίσει ὁ ἱερεὺς ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας κάρπωμα κυρίῳ

the priest shall offer it up upon the altar — an aroma of fragrance, an offering by fire to the LORD.

Climax of the lamb-rite: the fat turned to smoke (main verb completing v. 10)ἀνοίσει ὁ ἱερεὺς
ἀνοίσει supplies the main verb left pending by the participle περιελών of v. 10. The closing nominal formula ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας κάρπωμα κυρίῳ ('an aroma of fragrance, an offering by fire to the LORD') matches v. 5 but in inverted order (aroma before offering), the standard mark of divine acceptance. Here the singular ὁ ἱερεύς ('the priest') performs the burning, where v. 5 had the plural 'sons of Aaron.'
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἀνοίσειhe shall offer upFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναφέρωmain verb (the priest burns the fat; governs the participle of v. 10)→ legislative future (prescribed burning of the altar-portion)ἀναφέρω: 'bring up / offer up' (cf. v. 5); the main verb completing vv. 10–11; the priest turns the fat-portions to smoke on the altar.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with ἱερεὺς)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεὺςpriestNominativesubject of ἀνοίσει→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: 'priest' (cf. v. 2); here the singular 'the priest' performs the burning (contrast the plural 'sons of Aaron' in v. 5).
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (target: 'upon the altar')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: 'upon'; the fat is burned upon the altar.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with θυσιαστήριον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπὶ (the altar)→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar' (cf. v. 2); the altar of burnt-offering on which the fat ascends as smoke.
ὀσμὴaroma / smellNominativenominative in the verbless acceptance-formula ('an aroma')→ participant prominenceὀσμή: 'smell / aroma' (cf. v. 5); the smoke rising pleasingly to the LORD.
εὐωδίαςof fragranceGenitivegenitive of quality (qualifying ὀσμὴ: 'aroma of fragrance')→ relational specificationεὐωδία: 'fragrance / sweet smell' (cf. v. 5); the Hebraistic 'pleasing aroma' (נִיחֹחַ) signalling divine acceptance.
κάρπωμαoffering by fireNominativenominative in apposition (the acceptance-formula)→ participant prominenceκάρπωμα: 'offering by fire' (cf. v. 3); the fat characterized as a fire-offering acceptable to the LORD.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of recipient (the offering 'to the LORD')→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the dative names the LORD as recipient — here reverting to κυρίῳ after the anomalous τῷ θεῷ of v. 9.
12

ἐὰν δὲ ἀπὸ τῶν αἰγῶν τὸ δῶρον αὐτοῦ καὶ προσάξει ἔναντι κυρίου

But if his gift is from the goats, he shall also present it before the LORD.

Third legislative case (the goat-offering)ἐὰν δὲ ἀπὸ τῶν αἰγῶν
The third and last victim-case, introduced by ἐὰν δέ parallel to v. 6. The protasis is highly compressed (no verb of offering in the 'if'-clause, only the source), and the apodosis opens with an unexpected καί ('and/also') before προσάξει — a Hebraizing apodotic καί (the waw of the apodosis), where Greek would normally have no conjunction. The terseness reflects that the goat-rite simply repeats the established pattern.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐὰνifconditional conjunction (third casuistic protasis)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: 'if'; opens the third victim-case (the goat), parallel to vv. 1 and 6.
δὲbut / nowtransitional particle (next case in the series)→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: post-positive particle marking the move from the flock-case to the goat-case.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source: 'from the goats')→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: 'from' (cf. v. 6); specifies the goats as the source of the victim.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with αἰγῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰγῶνgoatsGenitivegenitive object of ἀπὸ (source: the goats)→ relational specificationαἴξ (gen. pl. αἰγῶν): 'goat'; renders עֵז; the goat-option is the third victim-class; together with the sheep it makes up the צֹאן (flock), but it is treated here as a distinct case.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with δῶρον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δῶρονgiftNominativesubject ('his gift')→ participant prominenceδῶρον: 'gift / offering' (cf. v. 1); the worshipper's presented offering, here a goat.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying δῶρον)→ relational specificationαὐτός: genitive pronoun marking the offering as the worshipper's own.
καὶand / thenapodotic καί (Hebraizing waw of the apodosis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here the apodotic καί, a Hebraism rendering the waw that introduces the apodosis after a conditional protasis; in idiomatic English it is left untranslated or rendered 'then'; its presence signals the seam between protasis and apodosis.
προσάξειhe shall presentFut Act Indic 3 Sg · προσάγωmain verb of the apodosis (legislative instruction)→ legislative future (binding cultic prescription)προσάγω: 'bring near / present' (cf. v. 1); the legislative future prescribing the goat's presentation before the LORD.
ἔναντιbefore / in the presence ofpreposition + genitive (locative: 'before the LORD')→ spatial or relational framingἔναντι: 'before' (cf. v. 7); synonym of ἐναντίον, rendering לִפְנֵי; locates the presentation in the LORD's presence.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἔναντι→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the genitive frames the act as transacted in the LORD's presence.
13

καὶ ἐπιθήσει τὰς χεῖρας ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ καὶ σφάξουσιν αὐτὸ ἔναντι κυρίου παρὰ τὰς θύρας τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου καὶ προσχεοῦσιν οἱ υἱοὶ Ααρων οἱ ἱερεῖς τὸ αἷμα ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον κύκλῳ

And he shall lay his hands on its head and they shall slaughter it before the LORD beside the doors of the tent of witness, and the sons of Aaron, the priests, shall pour the blood around upon the altar.

Ritual sequence for the goat (parallel to vv. 2, 8)καὶ ἐπιθήσει
The goat-rite repeats the now-fixed pattern, with two notable variants: ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ ('on its head') uses the pronoun rather than 'of the gift'; and the slaughter-verb is plural σφάξουσιν ('they shall slaughter') with the added phrase ἔναντι κυρίου ('before the LORD'). The plural slaughter-verb (against the singular σφάξει of vv. 2, 8) is a minor inconsistency typical of the casuistic style, perhaps generalizing the agent.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιθήσειhe shall layFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (offerer's hand-laying)→ legislative future (prescribed ritual gesture)ἐπιτίθημι: 'place upon / lay on' (cf. v. 2); the offerer's identifying gesture, repeated for the goat.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with χεῖρας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραςhandsAccusativedirect object of ἐπιθήσει→ object specificationχείρ: 'hand' (cf. v. 2); the full bodily pressing on the victim's head.
ἐπὶon / uponpreposition + accusative (placement)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: 'upon'; locates the hand-laying on the head.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with κεφαλὴν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλὴνheadAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπὶ (locus of hand-laying)→ object specificationκεφαλή: 'head' (cf. v. 2); here 'its head' (αὐτοῦ), the point of contact for the gesture.
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying κεφαλὴν: 'its head')→ relational specificationαὐτός: genitive pronoun referring to the goat; the goat-rite uses 'its head' where vv. 2, 8 had 'the head of the gift.'
καὶandnarrative conjunction (sequential)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σφάξουσινthey shall slaughterFut Act Indic 3 Pl · σφάζωmain verb (slaughter, here in the plural)→ legislative future (prescribed act of slaughter)σφάζω: 'slaughter / slay' (cf. v. 2); here in the plural σφάξουσιν ('they shall slaughter'), against the singular σφάξει of vv. 2 and 8 — a slight variation in agent-number characteristic of casuistic style.
αὐτὸitAccusativedirect object of σφάξουσιν (the goat)→ participant referenceαὐτός: neuter pronoun referring to the goat (δῶρον).
ἔναντιbeforepreposition + genitive (locative: 'before the LORD')→ spatial or relational framingἔναντι: 'before' (cf. v. 7); the added ἔναντι κυρίου ('before the LORD') with the slaughter is distinctive to the goat-rite among the three slaughter-clauses.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἔναντι→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the slaughter occurs in the LORD's presence.
παρὰbeside / bypreposition + accusative (place of slaughter)→ spatial or relational framingπαρά + acc.: 'beside' (cf. v. 2); the slaughter at the tent-entrance.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with θύρας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θύραςdoors / entranceAccusativeaccusative object of παρὰ (place: 'at the doors')→ object specificationθύρα: 'door / entrance' (cf. v. 2); the prescribed place of slaughter.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with σκηνῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtentGenitivegenitive of relationship (the doors 'of the tent')→ relational specificationσκηνή: 'tent / tabernacle' (cf. v. 2); the tent of witness.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with μαρτυρίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof witnessGenitivegenitive of definition (qualifying σκηνῆς)→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: 'witness / testimony' (cf. v. 2); rendering מוֹעֵד.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (shift to priestly action)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσχεοῦσινthey shall pour aroundFut Act Indic 3 Pl · προσχέωmain verb (priests' blood-act)→ legislative future (prescribed priestly blood-manipulation)προσχέω: 'pour upon / dash' (cf. v. 2); the priestly blood-dashing, again the prerogative of Aaron's sons.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with υἱοὶ)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject of προσχεοῦσιν→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son' (cf. v. 2); the sons of Aaron as officiating priests.
Ααρωνof Aarongenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑαρων: transliteration of אַהֲרֹן; indeclinable; the priestly line.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with ἱερεῖς)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestsNominativenominative in apposition to υἱοὶ→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: 'priest' (cf. v. 2); the official cultic role of Aaron's sons.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with αἷμα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἷμαbloodAccusativedirect object of προσχεοῦσιν→ object specificationαἷμα: 'blood' (cf. v. 2); the life-bearing blood applied to the altar.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (target of the blood)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: 'upon'; directs the dashed blood onto the altar.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with θυσιαστήριον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπὶ (the altar)→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar' (cf. v. 2); again named simply 'the altar.'
κύκλῳround aboutadverb of place ('all around')→ clausal contributionκύκλῳ: 'round about' (cf. v. 2); the blood dashed against all sides of the altar.
14

καὶ ἀνοίσει ἐπ᾿ αὐτοῦ κάρπωμα κυρίῳ τὸ στέαρ τὸ κατακαλύπτον τὴν κοιλίαν καὶ πᾶν τὸ στέαρ τὸ ἐπὶ τῆς κοιλίας

And he shall offer up from it an offering by fire to the LORD: the fat that covers the belly and all the fat that is upon the belly,

The LORD's portion in the goat-rite (parallel to v. 3)καὶ ἀνοίσει ἐπ᾿ αὐτοῦ
The goat fat-inventory matches v. 3 (the herd-case) almost verbatim, identifying the same visceral fat. The phrase ἐπ᾿ αὐτοῦ ('from it / upon it') is slightly awkward; it most likely means 'from it (the victim)' he shall offer up the portion. The goat-rite thus replicates the herd-pattern exactly (vv. 14–15 = vv. 3–4), confirming the fixed shape of the rite across all victim-classes.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνοίσειhe shall offer upFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναφέρωmain verb (presentation/burning of the fat)→ legislative future (prescribed offering-up of the portion)ἀναφέρω: 'bring up / offer up' (cf. v. 5); here it introduces the fat-inventory of the goat-rite, the smoke ascending to the LORD.
ἐπ᾿from / uponpreposition + genitive (source/reference: 'from it')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: 'upon / from'; elided to ἐπ᾿; here 'from it' (the victim) — a slightly idiosyncratic construction meaning the portion taken from the goat is offered up.
αὐτοῦitGenitivegenitive object of ἐπ᾿ (the goat)→ relational specificationαὐτός: genitive pronoun referring to the goat-victim, the source of the fat-portion.
κάρπωμαoffering by fireAccusativeaccusative object / apposition (the portion as fire-offering)→ object specificationκάρπωμα: 'offering by fire' (cf. v. 3); the technical category of the burned fat.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of recipient (the fire-offering 'to the LORD')→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the dative names the divine recipient of the burned fat.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with στέαρ)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στέαρfatAccusativeaccusative in apposition to κάρπωμα (defining the fire-offering)→ object specificationστέαρ: 'fat / suet' (cf. v. 3); the LORD's portion, the visceral fat of the goat.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (introducing attributive participle κατακαλύπτον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατακαλύπτονcoveringPres Act Ptcp Acc Sg Neut · κατακαλύπτωattributive participle (modifying στέαρ: 'the fat that covers')→ attributive present participle (describing the omental fat)κατακαλύπτω: 'cover over / veil' (cf. v. 3); the articular present participle describes the omentum draping the entrails.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with κοιλίαν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κοιλίανbelly / entrailsAccusativedirect object of κατακαλύπτον (what the fat covers)→ object specificationκοιλία: 'belly / entrails' (cf. v. 3); the abdominal cavity over which the omental fat lies.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (adding the second fat-item)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶνallAccusativeadjective (modifying στέαρ: 'all the fat')→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all / every' (cf. v. 3); the totalizing 'all the fat' ensures none is withheld.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with second στέαρ)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στέαρfatAccusativeaccusative (second fat-item)→ object specificationστέαρ: 'fat' (cf. v. 3); the second portion of visceral suet.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (introducing attributive ἐπὶ τῆς κοιλίας)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (attributive: 'upon the belly')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: 'upon' (cf. v. 3); 'the [fat] that is upon the belly.'
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with κοιλίας)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κοιλίαςbelly / entrailsGenitivegenitive object of ἐπὶ (location: 'upon the belly')→ relational specificationκοιλία: 'belly / entrails' (cf. v. 3); the visceral mass on which the second fat-portion lies.
15

καὶ ἀμφοτέρους τοὺς νεφροὺς καὶ πᾶν τὸ στέαρ τὸ ἐπ᾿ αὐτῶν τὸ ἐπὶ τῶν μηρίων καὶ τὸν λοβὸν τοῦ ἥπατος σὺν τοῖς νεφροῖς περιελεῖ

and both the kidneys and all the fat that is upon them, that is upon the flanks, and the lobe of the liver — together with the kidneys he shall remove it.

Continuation of the goat fat-inventory (kidneys, flank-fat, liver-lobe)καὶ ἀμφοτέρους τοὺς νεφροὺς
The inventory matches vv. 4 and 10: both kidneys, the fat on them and at the flanks, and the liver-lobe, all removed (περιελεῖ) for the altar. Minor variants from v. 4: πᾶν ('all the fat') is added, and the lobe is named simply τὸν λοβὸν τοῦ ἥπατος ('the lobe of the liver') with a plain genitive rather than the attributive τὸν ἐπὶ τοῦ ἥπατος. The verse ends, like v. 4, with the suspended finite verb περιελεῖ.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (continuing the object-list)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀμφοτέρουςbothAccusativeadjective (modifying νεφροὺς: 'both kidneys')→ object specificationἀμφότεροι: 'both' (cf. v. 10); both kidneys belong to the LORD's portion.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with νεφροὺς)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νεφροὺςkidneysAccusativedirect object of περιελεῖ→ object specificationνεφρός: 'kidney' (cf. v. 4); part of the divine portion.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶνallAccusativeadjective (modifying στέαρ: 'all the fat')→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all / every' (cf. v. 3); here added to the kidney-fat clause (where v. 4 lacked it), totalizing the suet removed.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with στέαρ)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στέαρfatAccusativedirect object (the fat on the kidneys)→ object specificationστέαρ: 'fat' (cf. v. 3); the fat adhering to the kidneys and reaching the flanks.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (introducing attributive ἐπ᾿ αὐτῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπ᾿uponpreposition + genitive (elided: 'upon them')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: 'upon' (cf. v. 4); 'the [fat] that is upon them (the kidneys).'
αὐτῶνthemGenitivegenitive object of ἐπ᾿ (the kidneys)→ relational specificationαὐτός: genitive plural pronoun referring to the kidneys.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (introducing attributive ἐπὶ τῶν μηρίων)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπὶupon / atpreposition + genitive ('upon the flanks')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: 'at / upon' (cf. v. 4); 'the [fat] that is at the flanks.'
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with μηρίων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μηρίωνflanks / loinsGenitivegenitive object of ἐπὶ (location: 'at the flanks')→ relational specificationμηρίον: 'thigh / flank' (cf. v. 4); the fat reaching toward the flanks.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with λοβὸν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λοβὸνlobeAccusativedirect object (the liver-lobe)→ object specificationλοβός: 'lobe / flap' (cf. v. 4); here named τὸν λοβὸν τοῦ ἥπατος with a plain genitive ('the lobe of the liver'), where v. 4 had the attributive τὸν ἐπὶ τοῦ ἥπατος.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with ἥπατος)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἥπατοςof the liverGenitivegenitive of relationship (the lobe 'of the liver')→ relational specificationἧπαρ (gen. ἥπατος): 'liver' (cf. v. 4); its projecting lobe is removed with the kidneys.
σὺνtogether withpreposition + dative (accompaniment: 'with the kidneys')→ spatial or relational framingσύν: 'with' (cf. v. 4); the lobe removed together with the kidneys as one portion.
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with νεφροῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νεφροῖςkidneysDativedative object of σὺν (accompaniment)→ sphere or referenceνεφρός: 'kidney' (cf. v. 4); removed together with the liver-lobe as a single ritual unit.
περιελεῖhe shall removeFut Act Indic 3 Sg · περιαιρέωmain verb (suspended to verse-end, governing the accusatives)→ legislative future (prescribed removal of the fat-portion)περιαιρέω: 'take away / remove' (cf. v. 4); the finite future (against the participle περιελών of v. 10) closes the goat-inventory in the same periodic Hebraizing order as v. 4.
16

καὶ ἀνοίσει ὁ ἱερεὺς ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον κάρπωμα ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας τῷ κυρίῳ πᾶν τὸ στέαρ τῷ κυρίῳ

And the priest shall offer it up upon the altar — an offering by fire, an aroma of fragrance to the LORD. All the fat is the LORD's.

Climax of the goat-rite and summary refrain of the whole chapterκαὶ ἀνοίσει ὁ ἱερεὺς
The goat-rite closes like the others, but the verse adds the summary refrain πᾶν τὸ στέαρ τῷ κυρίῳ ('all the fat is the LORD's'), which generalizes the principle beyond the goat to the entire sacrificial economy and bridges directly to the perpetual statute of v. 17. The double τῷ κυρίῳ (recipient of both the κάρπωμα and the fat) underlines the LORD's exclusive claim on the fat.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνοίσειhe shall offer upFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναφέρωmain verb (the priest burns the fat)→ legislative future (prescribed burning of the altar-portion)ἀναφέρω: 'bring up / offer up' (cf. v. 5); the priest turns the goat's fat to smoke on the altar.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with ἱερεὺς)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεὺςpriestNominativesubject of ἀνοίσει→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: 'priest' (cf. v. 2); the singular 'the priest' performs the burning, as in v. 11.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (target: 'upon the altar')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: 'upon'; the fat burned upon the altar.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with θυσιαστήριον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπὶ (the altar)→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar' (cf. v. 2); the altar of burnt-offering.
κάρπωμαoffering by fireNominativenominative in the verbless acceptance-formula→ participant prominenceκάρπωμα: 'offering by fire' (cf. v. 3); the fat characterized as a fire-offering.
ὀσμὴaroma / smellNominativenominative in apposition (the acceptance-formula: 'an aroma')→ participant prominenceὀσμή: 'smell / aroma' (cf. v. 5); the smoke rising pleasingly to the LORD.
εὐωδίαςof fragranceGenitivegenitive of quality (qualifying ὀσμὴ: 'aroma of fragrance')→ relational specificationεὐωδία: 'fragrance' (cf. v. 5); the Hebraistic 'pleasing aroma' signalling divine acceptance.
τῷto theDativearticle (with κυρίῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of recipient (the offering 'to the LORD')→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the dative names the recipient of the fragrant offering.
πᾶνallNominativeadjective (modifying στέαρ in the summary refrain: 'all the fat')→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all / every'; the summary refrain πᾶν τὸ στέαρ τῷ κυρίῳ generalizes the principle: every bit of fat belongs to the LORD, bridging to the perpetual statute of v. 17.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with στέαρ)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στέαρfatNominativesubject of the verbless summary clause ('all the fat [is] the LORD's')→ participant prominenceστέαρ: 'fat / suet' (cf. v. 3); the chapter's central material noun, here gathered into the summary maxim that the fat is wholly the LORD's portion.
τῷto theDativearticle (with second κυρίῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳis the LORD's / to the LORDDativedative of possession/advantage (predicate of the verbless refrain: 'all the fat [belongs] to the LORD')→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the second τῷ κυρίῳ functions as a dative of possession ('all the fat is the LORD's'), asserting the LORD's exclusive claim on the fat — the theological ground of the dietary law in v. 17.
17

νόμιμον εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα εἰς τὰς γενεὰς ὑμῶν ἐν πάσῃ κατοικίᾳ ὑμῶν πᾶν στέαρ καὶ πᾶν αἷμα οὐκ ἔδεσθε

It is a perpetual statute throughout your generations in all your dwellings: you shall eat no fat and no blood at all.

Closing perpetual statute (legislative coda generalizing the rite)νόμιμον εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα
The chapter closes with a categorical, sanctuary-independent law: the prohibition of eating fat and blood is a νόμιμον αἰώνιον binding 'throughout your generations in all your dwellings.' The verbless heading νόμιμον εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα stands as a legislative formula, and the prohibitive future οὐκ ἔδεσθε ('you shall not eat') functions as an absolute command (equivalent to the Decalogue's οὐ + future). The fat-and-blood prohibition is developed at Lev 7:22–27 and 17:10–14 and echoed in the apostolic decree (Acts 15:20, 29) — a crux for the relation of the Mosaic dietary law to the gentile church.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
νόμιμονa statute / lawful ordinanceNominativenominative (verbless legislative heading: '[it is] a statute')→ participant prominenceνόμιμον: 'statute / legal ordinance / what is lawful'; substantivized neuter of νόμιμος; renders חֻקָּה ('statute'); the phrase νόμιμον εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα ('a perpetual statute') is the LXX's standard rendering of חֻקַּת עוֹלָם, marking a permanent, non-abrogable cultic law.
εἰςfor / untopreposition + accusative (extent of time: 'forever')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς + acc.: 'unto / for'; with τὸν αἰῶνα it expresses perpetual duration.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with αἰῶνα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναage / foreverAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (duration: 'forever')→ object specificationαἰών: 'age / eternity'; renders עוֹלָם; εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα ('forever / perpetually') marks the statute as binding for all time, not merely the wilderness generation.
εἰςthroughout / untopreposition + accusative (extent: 'throughout your generations')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς + acc.: 'unto / throughout'; with τὰς γενεὰς it expresses the law's reach across all succeeding generations.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with γενεὰς)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γενεὰςgenerationsAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (extent: 'your generations')→ object specificationγενεά: 'generation'; renders דּוֹר; the phrase εἰς τὰς γενεὰς ὑμῶν ('throughout your generations') extends the statute to all Israel's posterity (cf. לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶם).
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying γενεὰς: 'your generations')→ relational specificationσύ (gen. pl. ὑμῶν): 'your'; the second-person plural addresses all Israel, shifting from the third-person casuistic 'he' of the rite to a direct, communal command.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative: 'in every dwelling')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: 'in'; locates the prohibition not at the sanctuary but in every place of Israelite habitation.
πάσῃevery / allDativeadjective (modifying κατοικίᾳ: 'every dwelling')→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: 'all / every'; ἐν πάσῃ κατοικίᾳ ('in every dwelling') universalizes the law geographically, beyond the cult-center into ordinary domestic life.
κατοικίᾳdwelling / habitationDativedative object of ἐν (place: 'in your dwelling')→ sphere or referenceκατοικία: 'dwelling / settlement / habitation'; renders מוֹשָׁב; the term marks the prohibition as applying everywhere Israel lives, decisively extending the fat-and-blood law from the altar into the household.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying κατοικίᾳ: 'your dwellings')→ relational specificationσύ (gen. pl. ὑμῶν): 'your'; again the communal second-person, binding every Israelite household.
πᾶνall / anyAccusativeadjective (modifying στέαρ: 'all/any fat')→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all / every / any'; with the negated verb, πᾶν … οὐκ is a Hebraism for 'none at all' (כָּל … לֹא), an absolute prohibition rather than a partial one.
στέαρfatAccusativedirect object of ἔδεσθε (first prohibited item)→ object specificationστέαρ: 'fat / suet' (cf. v. 3); the LORD's exclusive sacrificial portion is therefore forbidden as human food; the law of Lev 7:23–25 specifies that this concerns the fat of sacrificial animals.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (linking the two prohibited items)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶνall / anyAccusativeadjective (modifying αἷμα: 'all/any blood')→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all / every / any' (cf. above); with the negation, 'no blood at all'; the absolute Hebraism πᾶν … οὐκ governs both items.
αἷμαbloodAccusativedirect object of ἔδεσθε (second prohibited item)→ object specificationαἷμα: 'blood' (cf. v. 2); the blood, as the seat of life (Lev 17:11, 14), is reserved for atonement and forbidden as food; this is the seed of the developed blood-law of Lev 17:10–14 and the one Levitical food-law carried into the apostolic decree (Acts 15:20, 29).
οὐκnotnegative particle (with the prohibitive future ἔδεσθε)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ (οὐκ before vowel): the objective negative; with the future indicative it forms the absolute legislative prohibition ('you shall not …'), as in the Decalogue (οὐ + future).
ἔδεσθεyou shall eatFut Mid Indic 2 Pl · ἐσθίωmain verb (prohibitive future addressed to all Israel)→ prohibitive future (absolute legislative command: 'you shall not eat')ἐσθίω (fut. mid. ἔδομαι): 'eat'; the deponent future ἔδεσθε ('you will eat'), negated by οὐκ, functions as a categorical prohibition — the strongest form of command, equivalent to the Decalogue's οὐ + future; renders לֹא תֹאכֵלוּ; this fat-and-blood prohibition becomes a defining marker of Israelite (and later, in the blood-clause, of gentile-Christian) dietary practice.