Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Leviticus, Chapter 7ΛΕΥΙΤΙΚΟΝ Ζ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

(Note that LXX Leviticus follows the Hebrew chapter division here, though the verse-numbering of the sacrificial torot diverges at points from later printed Hebrew Bibles.) Leviticus 7 completes the manual of offerings begun in chapters 1–6: it gives the law of the guilt/trespass offering (ὁ νόμος τοῦ … περὶ τῆς πλημμελείας, vv.

Translation & textual notes

The Greek text of Leviticus 7 follows the standard critical text of the Septuagint as established in the Rahlfs–Hanhart edition (Septuaginta, rev. ed. 2006), an ancient and public-domain text; the critical apparatus is not reproduced. (Note that LXX Leviticus follows the Hebrew chapter division here, though the verse-numbering of the sacrificial torot diverges at points from later printed Hebrew Bibles.) Leviticus 7 completes the manual of offerings begun in chapters 1–6: it gives the law of the guilt/trespass offering (ὁ νόμος τοῦ … περὶ τῆς πλημμελείας, vv. 1–7), declared ἅγια ἁγίων ('most holy'); the priestly perquisites — the hide of a layman's whole-burnt offering (τὸ δέρμα τῆς ὁλοκαυτώσεως) and the various grain offerings (vv. 8–10); the long law of the peace/deliverance offering (θυσία σωτηρίου, vv. 11–21), subdivided into the thank-offering (αἴνεσις) accompanied by leavened (ἄρτοι ζυμῖται) and unleavened bread, and the vow (εὐχή) and freewill (ἑκούσιον) offerings, with strict rules on when the flesh may be eaten (the same day for the thank-offering, the same or the second day for vow/freewill, never the third — else it is μίασμα and the eater 'bears his sin'); the categorical prohibition of eating fat and blood (vv. 22–27), each on pain of being 'utterly destroyed' (ἀπολεῖται … ἐκ τοῦ λαοῦ αὐτῆς); and the assignment of the wave-breast (στηθύνιον τοῦ ἐπιθέματος) and the heave/right thigh (βραχίων τοῦ ἀφαιρέματος) to Aaron and his sons as their perpetual due (νόμιμον αἰώνιον), called the χρῖσις, 'the portion of the anointing' (vv. 28–36). A summary colophon (vv. 37–38) gathers all the offerings — whole-burnt, grain, sin, guilt, consecration (τελείωσις), and peace — under the rubric of what the LORD commanded Moses on Mount Sinai. Lexically the chapter is dominated by the cultic vocabulary of P as standardized in the LXX: πλημμέλεια ('trespass/error', rendering אָשָׁם), θυσία σωτηρίου ('sacrifice of deliverance', for זֶבַח שְׁלָמִים), κάρπωμα and ὁλοκαύτωμα for the burnt portions, στέαρ ('fat', חֵלֶב), αἴνεσις ('praise/thanksgiving', תּוֹדָה), and the technical pair ἐπίθεμα / ἀφαίρεμα for the rites of 'waving' (תְּנוּפָה) and 'heaving' (תְּרוּמָה). The fat-and-blood prohibition (vv. 22–27) is a major intertextual node, binding this passage to 3:17; 17:10–14; Deut 12:16, 23, and to the apostolic decree of Acts 15:20, 29. κύριος throughout renders the Tetragrammaton יהוה.

1

καὶ οὗτος ὁ νόμος τοῦ κριοῦ τοῦ περὶ τῆς πλημμελείας ἅγια ἁγίων ἐστίν

And this is the law of the ram that is for the trespass-offering; it is most holy.

Heading: new sacrificial torah (guilt offering) opened by the demonstrative formulaκαὶ οὗτος ὁ νόμος
The formula (καὶ) οὗτος ὁ νόμος ('this is the law of …') is the structural header that opens each torah in Leviticus 6–7 (cf. 6:9, 14, 25; 7:11, 37); here it introduces the law of the πλημμέλεια. The verse closes with the qualifying predicate ἅγια ἁγίων ('holy of holies' = most holy), classing the offering at the highest grade of sanctity, restricting its consumption to the priests.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (linking to the preceding torot)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὗτοςthisNominativedemonstrative subject (predicate-formula 'this is the law')→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'; the masculine nominative agrees with νόμος; the cataphoric demonstrative points forward to the legislation that follows, the standard opener of a Levitical torah-unit.
ὁtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νόμοςlawNominativepredicate nominative ('this is the law')→ participant prominenceνόμος: 'law / instruction'; renders תּוֹרָה in its technical priestly sense of a ritual prescription for a particular offering; the recurring οὗτος ὁ νόμος headings (vv. 1, 11, 37) give the chapter its skeletal structure.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κριοῦramGenitivegenitive (the offering to which the law pertains)→ relational specificationκριός: 'ram'; renders אַיִל; the trespass offering's prescribed victim; the genitive defines the scope of this particular torah — the law concerning the guilt-offering ram.
τοῦthe (one)Genitivearticle (attributive, governing the περί-phrase)→ noun-phrase markingὁ (attributive article): the repeated τοῦ converts the prepositional phrase περὶ τῆς πλημμελείας into an attributive modifier of κριοῦ — 'the ram, the one for the trespass.'
περὶfor / concerningpreposition + genitive (purpose: 'for the trespass')→ spatial or relational framingπερί + genitive: in cultic contexts 'for / on account of'; the phrase περὶ τῆς πλημμελείας is the standard LXX designation of the guilt/trespass offering, parallel to τὸ περὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας for the sin offering (cf. v. 7).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλημμελείαςtrespass / guilt-offeringGenitivegenitive object of περί→ relational specificationπλημμέλεια: 'fault / error / trespass'; the LXX's standard rendering of אָשָׁם, denoting both the guilt incurred and the reparation offering that atones for it; the word-group (πλημμελέω, πλημμέλημα) is the cultic vocabulary of inadvertent or reparable offense.
ἅγιαholyNominativepredicate adjective (neuter plural, with ἁγίων: superlative idiom)→ participant prominenceἅγιος: 'holy'; the neuter-plural construction ἅγια ἁγίων ('holy of holies') is a Hebraism rendering קֹדֶשׁ קָדָשִׁים, a superlative of sanctity — 'most holy.' This grade restricts the offering to priestly consumption in a holy place (cf. v. 6).
ἁγίωνof holiesGenitivegenitive of comparison (superlative Hebraism)→ relational specificationἅγιος (gen. pl.): the partitive/superlative genitive in ἅγια ἁγίων calques the Hebrew superlative construct-chain; the whole expression marks the highest degree of consecration.
ἐστίνit isPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula (predicating sanctity of the offering)→ gnomic present (standing ritual classification)εἰμί: 'be'; the copula asserts the offering's permanent cultic status; the gnomic present states a fixed legal classification, not a single event.
2

ἐν τόπῳ οὗ σφάζουσιν τὸ ὁλοκαύτωμα σφάξουσιν τὸν κριὸν τῆς πλημμελείας ἔναντι κυρίου καὶ τὸ αἷμα προσχεεῖ ἐπὶ τὴν βάσιν τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου κύκλῳ

In the place where they slaughter the whole-burnt offering they shall slaughter the ram of the trespass-offering before the LORD, and he shall pour the blood out upon the base of the altar all around.

Procedural specification: place of slaughter and blood-riteἐν τόπῳ οὗ
The verse fronts the locative ἐν τόπῳ οὗ ('in the place where') for emphasis: the guilt offering is slain at the same site as the ὁλοκαύτωμα (cf. 1:11; 4:24), aligning it with the most-holy offerings. The blood-manipulation — προσχεεῖ … κύκλῳ ('pour around') — matches the burnt-offering rite rather than the sin-offering's daubing of the horns.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative, fronted for emphasis)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative, fronted for emphasis).
τόπῳplaceDativedative of place (antecedent of the relative οὗ)→ sphere or referenceτόπος: 'place / site'; renders מָקוֹם; the appointed slaughter-site at the north side of the altar (cf. 1:11); locating the guilt offering there marks its most-holy status.
οὗwhererelative adverb of place ('where')→ participant referenceοὗ: adverbial genitive of ὅς used as a local relative, 'where'; renders אֲשֶׁר … שָׁם.
σφάζουσινthey slaughterPres Act Indic 3 Pl · σφάζωverb of relative clause (customary practice)→ customary present (standing ritual practice)σφάζω: 'slay / slaughter (ritually)'; renders שָׁחַט; the technical verb for cultic killing by throat-cutting; the indefinite third plural ('they slaughter') describes settled custom.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁλοκαύτωμαwhole-burnt offeringAccusativedirect object of σφάζουσιν→ object specificationὁλοκαύτωμα: 'whole-burnt offering'; renders עֹלָה; the offering entirely consumed on the altar; here it serves as the spatial reference-point for the guilt offering's slaughter.
σφάξουσινthey shall slaughterFut Act Indic 3 Pl · σφάζωmain verb (legislative future of command)→ legislative/jussive future (prescription)σφάζω (fut.): the future indicative carries imperatival/legislative force, the LXX's regular rendering of the Hebrew prescriptive yiqtol — 'they shall slaughter.'
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κριὸνramAccusativedirect object of σφάξουσιν→ object specificationκριός: 'ram'; the victim of the guilt offering, here in the accusative as object of the slaughter-verb.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλημμελείαςof the trespassGenitivegenitive of purpose/classification (with κριόν)→ relational specificationπλημμέλεια: see v. 1; the genitive defines the ram as the guilt-offering victim.
ἔναντιbeforepreposition + genitive (in the LORD's presence)→ spatial or relational framingἔναντι: 'before / in the presence of'; Hebraism rendering לִפְנֵי; locates the rite in the sphere of the divine presence at the sanctuary.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἔναντι→ relational specificationκύριος: the standard LXX rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the rite is performed 'before the LORD,' i.e. at the entrance of the tent of meeting.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἷμαbloodAccusativedirect object of προσχεεῖ→ object specificationαἷμα: 'blood'; renders דָּם; the carrier of life and the agent of atonement (cf. 17:11); its ritual disposal is the heart of the offering.
προσχεεῖhe shall pour uponFut Act Indic 3 Sg · προσχέωmain verb (blood-rite, legislative future)→ legislative future (prescribed priestly act)προσχέω: 'pour upon / dash against'; renders זָרַק; the technical verb for flinging the blood against the altar; the same root recurs in the participle προσχέοντι (v. 14) and προσχέοντι/προσφέρων terms throughout the chapter.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (goal of pouring)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (goal of pouring).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βάσινbaseAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (target of blood)→ object specificationβάσις: 'base / foundation'; here the base of the altar; the LXX renders the Hebrew יְסוֹד / סָבִיב imagery; the blood is dashed against the altar's lower socle on every side.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστηρίουaltarGenitivegenitive (the altar whose base receives the blood)→ relational specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar'; the LXX's coined sacral term (vs. pagan βωμός) rendering מִזְבֵּחַ; here the bronze altar of burnt offering in the court.
κύκλῳall aroundadverb of manner (encircling: 'round about')→ clausal contributionκύκλῳ: 'in a circle / round about'; adverbial dative of κύκλος; renders סָבִיב; specifies that the blood is applied on all sides of the altar's base.
3

καὶ πᾶν τὸ στέαρ αὐτοῦ προσοίσει ἀπ᾿ αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν ὀσφὺν καὶ πᾶν τὸ στέαρ τὸ κατακαλύπτον τὰ ἐνδόσθια καὶ πᾶν τὸ στέαρ τὸ ἐπὶ τῶν ἐνδοσθίων

And all its fat he shall offer from it, both the loin and all the fat that covers the entrails and all the fat that is upon the entrails,

Procedural continuation: the fat-portions to be offered upκαὶ πᾶν τὸ στέαρ
Verses 3–4 itemize the fatty parts burned on the altar, mirroring the sin-offering and peace-offering lists (3:3–4, 9–10; 4:8–9). The thrice-repeated πᾶν τὸ στέαρ ('all the fat') foregrounds στέαρ, the LORD's exclusive portion, and prepares for the explicit prohibition of eating fat in vv. 22–25.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶνallAccusativeadjective (modifying στέαρ: 'all the fat')→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all / every'; the neuter πᾶν agrees with στέαρ; the totalizing 'all the fat' anticipates the categorical fat-prohibition of vv. 22–25.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στέαρfatAccusativedirect object of προσοίσει→ object specificationστέαρ: 'fat / suet'; renders חֵלֶב, the hard fat reserved for the LORD; its prominence here (3×) sets up the prohibition against human consumption of fat (vv. 23–25).
αὐτοῦof itGenitivegenitive of possession (the ram's fat)→ relational specificationαὐτός: anaphoric pronoun referring to the ram (κριός); 'its fat.'
προσοίσειhe shall offerFut Act Indic 3 Sg · προσφέρωmain verb (legislative future of presentation)→ legislative future (prescribed offering)προσφέρω: 'bring near / offer / present'; renders הִקְרִיב (Hiphil of קרב); the chapter's key cultic verb for presenting an offering; the future has prescriptive force.
ἀπ᾿frompreposition + genitive (source: 'from it')→ spatial or relational framingἀπ᾿: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source: 'from it').
αὐτοῦitGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (source: the ram)→ relational specificationαὐτός: the partitive 'from it' marks the fat as taken off the animal for the altar-portion.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the listed parts)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀσφὺνloin / tail-fatAccusativeaccusative object (apposite to στέαρ: a fat-portion)→ object specificationὀσφύς: 'loin / hip'; here renders אַלְיָה, the fat tail of the sheep, a prized portion in Near Eastern flocks (cf. 3:9); reckoned among the altar-fats.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶνallAccusativeadjective (modifying στέαρ)→ object specificationπᾶν: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjective (modifying στέαρ).
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στέαρfatAccusativeaccusative object (second fat-portion)→ object specificationστέαρ: see above; the second item — the membrane of fat covering the viscera.
τὸthe (which)Accusativearticle (attributive participial phrase)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατακαλύπτονcoveringPres Act Ptc Nom/Acc Sg Neut · κατακαλύπτωattributive participle (modifying στέαρ: 'the fat covering …')→ descriptive present participle (characterizing the fat)κατακαλύπτω: 'cover over / veil'; renders the Hebrew מְכַסֶּה; the participle identifies the caul/omental fat that envelops the entrails (cf. 3:3).
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνδόσθιαentrailsAccusativedirect object of κατακαλύπτον→ object specificationἐνδόσθια: 'inner parts / entrails / viscera'; renders קֶרֶב; the abdominal organs over which the fat lies.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶνallAccusativeadjective (modifying στέαρ)→ object specificationπᾶν: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjective (modifying στέαρ).
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στέαρfatAccusativeaccusative object (third fat-portion)→ object specificationστέαρ: see above; the third item — the fat adhering upon the entrails.
τὸthe (which)Accusativearticle (attributive prepositional phrase)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (location of the fat)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (location of the fat).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνδοσθίωνentrailsGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί→ relational specificationἐνδόσθια: see above; the genitive plural with ἐπί locates this third portion 'upon the entrails.'
4

καὶ τοὺς δύο νεφροὺς καὶ τὸ στέαρ τὸ ἐπ᾿ αὐτῶν τὸ ἐπὶ τῶν μηρίων καὶ τὸν λοβὸν τὸν ἐπὶ τοῦ ἥπατος σὺν τοῖς νεφροῖς περιελεῖ αὐτά

and the two kidneys and the fat that is upon them, that is upon the thighs, and the lobe that is upon the liver — together with the kidneys he shall remove them.

Procedural continuation: the kidneys and liver-lobe completing the fat-listκαὶ τοὺς δύο νεφροὺς
The list of vv. 3–4 culminates in the kidneys, their adhering fat, and the liver-lobe; the verb περιελεῖ ('he shall remove') governs the whole accusative series back through v. 3, with αὐτά resuming the listed items. The inventory is identical to the peace-offering portions of 3:3–4, underscoring the cultic uniformity of the fat-rite.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (continuing the fat-list)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύοtwoAccusativenumeral (modifying νεφρούς)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; indeclinable numeral; specifies both kidneys as part of the altar-portion.
νεφροὺςkidneysAccusativedirect object (object of περιελεῖ)→ object specificationνεφρός: 'kidney'; renders כְּלָיוֹת; in OT idiom also the seat of the inmost self, but here strictly anatomical — the kidneys with their fat are burned for the LORD.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στέαρfatAccusativedirect object (the kidney-fat)→ object specificationστέαρ: see v. 3; the fat adhering to the kidneys.
τὸthe (which)Accusativearticle (attributive prepositional phrase)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπ᾿uponpreposition + genitive (location of the fat)→ spatial or relational framingἐπ᾿: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (location of the fat).
αὐτῶνthemGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (the kidneys)→ relational specificationαὐτός: anaphoric, 'upon them' = upon the kidneys.
τὸthe (which)Accusativearticle (second attributive phrase)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (location).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μηρίωνthighs / flanksGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί→ relational specificationμηρία (dim. of μηρός): 'thighs / flanks / loins'; renders כְּסָלִים, the loin/flank region; locates the kidney-fat 'upon the thighs.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λοβὸνlobeAccusativedirect object (the liver-lobe)→ object specificationλοβός: 'lobe'; renders יֹתֶרֶת, the appendage/caudate lobe of the liver; a standard altar-portion in the fat-offerings (cf. 3:4).
τὸνthe (which)Accusativearticle (attributive prepositional phrase)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (location).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἥπατοςliverGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί→ relational specificationἧπαρ (gen. ἥπατος): 'liver'; renders כָּבֵד; the lobe is taken off 'upon/with the liver.'
σὺνtogether withpreposition + dative (accompaniment)→ spatial or relational framingσύν: 'with / together with'; the lobe is removed 'with the kidneys,' as a single attached portion.
τοῖςtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νεφροῖςkidneysDativedative object of σύν (accompaniment)→ sphere or referenceνεφρός: see above; the lobe is detached 'with the kidneys.'
περιελεῖhe shall removeFut Act Indic 3 Sg · περιαιρέωmain verb (governing the whole accusative list; legislative future)→ legislative future (prescribed removal of the fat-parts)περιαιρέω: 'take away / remove all around'; renders יָסִיר / הֵסִיר; the technical verb for excising the fatty portions destined for the altar (cf. 3:9; 4:31).
αὐτάthemAccusativeresumptive direct object (summing the listed parts)→ participant referenceαὐτός: neuter plural resumptive pronoun gathering up all the enumerated portions as the object of περιελεῖ — a Hebraizing resumption of the fronted object-list.
5

καὶ ἀνοίσει αὐτὰ ὁ ἱερεὺς ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον κάρπωμα τῷ κυρίῳ περὶ πλημμελείας ἐστίν

And the priest shall offer them up upon the altar — it is a burnt-portion to the LORD; it is for trespass.

Procedural climax: the priest burns the fat as the LORD's portionκαὶ ἀνοίσει αὐτὰ ὁ ἱερεὺς
The fat-portions of vv. 3–4 are now sent up in smoke (ἀνοίσει) by the priest. The clause is glossed by two nominal predicates: κάρπωμα τῷ κυρίῳ ('a burnt-portion to the LORD') and περὶ πλημμελείας ἐστίν ('it is for trespass'), defining both the destiny (the altar-fire, the LORD's portion) and the function (atonement for guilt).
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνοίσειhe shall offer upFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναφέρωmain verb (legislative future: burning on the altar)→ legislative future (prescribed altar-act)ἀναφέρω: 'bring up / offer up'; renders הֶעֱלָה (Hiphil of עלה); the technical verb for sending an offering up in smoke on the altar; distinct from προσφέρω ('present'), it denotes the consummation by fire.
αὐτὰthemAccusativedirect object (the fat-portions of vv. 3–4)→ participant referenceαὐτός: neuter plural resuming the enumerated fat-parts as the object of ἀνοίσει.
ὁtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεὺςpriestNominativesubject→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: 'priest'; renders כֹּהֵן; the officiant who performs the altar-rite; only the priest may handle the most-holy fat-portions.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (goal of the offering up)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (goal of the offering up).
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (locus of burning)→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: see v. 2; the altar on which the fat is consumed.
κάρπωμαburnt-portion / offering by fireNominativepredicate nominative (in asyndeton: 'it is a burnt-portion')→ participant prominenceκάρπωμα: 'offering consumed by fire / fruit-offering'; renders אִשֶּׁה, the gift made over to the deity in smoke; a key LXX cultic term marking the fat as the LORD's exclusive due (recurs vv. 25, 30, 35).
τῷto theDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLORDDativedative of advantage (recipient of the offering)→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the dative marks YHWH as the recipient to whom the burnt-portion is dedicated.
περὶfor / concerningpreposition + genitive (purpose: 'for trespass')→ spatial or relational framingπερί + genitive: 'for / on account of'; restates the offering's atoning function for guilt.
πλημμελείαςtrespassGenitivegenitive object of περί→ relational specificationπλημμέλεια: see v. 1; the guilt that the offering addresses.
ἐστίνit isPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula (predicating the offering's classification)→ gnomic present (standing ritual classification)εἰμί: 'be'; closes the verse with the classifying statement 'it is for trespass.'
6

πᾶς ἄρσην ἐκ τῶν ἱερέων ἔδεται αὐτά ἐν τόπῳ ἁγίῳ ἔδονται αὐτά ἅγια ἁγίων ἐστίν

Every male among the priests shall eat them; in a holy place they shall eat them; it is most holy.

Consumption rule: priestly, male-only, in a holy placeπᾶς ἄρσην ἐκ τῶν ἱερέων
The verse states who may eat the priestly portion and where. The fronted subject πᾶς ἄρσην ('every male') restricts consumption to male priests; the locative ἐν τόπῳ ἁγίῳ ('in a holy place') confines it to the sanctuary precinct. The closing ἅγια ἁγίων ἐστίν repeats the most-holy classification of v. 1, sealing the unit (inclusio).
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
πᾶςeveryNominativeadjective (modifying ἄρσην: 'every male')→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'every / all'; with ἄρσην it makes the rule comprehensive among priestly males while implicitly excluding females.
ἄρσηνmaleNominativesubject (substantival: 'every male')→ participant prominenceἄρσην: 'male'; renders זָכָר; the most-holy offerings could be eaten only by male priests (cf. 6:18, 29); the restriction reflects the offering's heightened sanctity.
ἐκfrom amongpreposition + genitive (partitive: 'among the priests')→ spatial or relational framingἐκ + genitive: partitive 'from among'; delimits the eligible males to the priestly line.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερέωνpriestsGenitivepartitive genitive (object of ἐκ)→ relational specificationἱερεύς: see v. 5; the priesthood of Aaron's line, the only ones who may consume the most-holy flesh.
ἔδεταιshall eatFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐσθίωmain verb (legislative future, deponent middle)→ legislative future (permitted/prescribed consumption)ἐσθίω: 'eat'; the future ἔδεται (suppletive, from ἔδομαι) is deponent middle; renders יֹאכַל; the consumption of the priestly portion is itself a sacral act, not mere nourishment (cf. 10:17).
αὐτάthemAccusativedirect object (the priestly portions)→ participant referenceαὐτός: neuter plural object referring to the edible portions of the offering.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τόπῳplaceDativedative of place (locative)→ sphere or referenceτόπος: 'place'; the offering must be eaten within the sacred precinct.
ἁγίῳholyDativeattributive adjective (modifying τόπῳ: 'a holy place')→ sphere or referenceἅγιος: 'holy'; renders קָדוֹשׁ; specifies the court of the tent of meeting as the only lawful place of consumption (cf. 6:16, 26).
ἔδονταιthey shall eatFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἐσθίωmain verb (resumptive, legislative future)→ legislative future (prescribed consumption)ἐσθίω (fut. mid. 3 pl.): the shift from singular ἔδεται to plural ἔδονται distributes the rule across the whole priestly body; the repetition is a Hebraizing emphatic restatement.
αὐτάthemAccusativedirect object (repeated)→ participant referenceαὐτά: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object (repeated).
ἅγιαholyNominativepredicate adjective (superlative idiom with ἁγίων)→ participant prominenceἅγιος: see v. 1; the repeated ἅγια ἁγίων forms an inclusio with v. 1, framing the guilt-offering law.
ἁγίωνof holiesGenitivegenitive of comparison (superlative Hebraism)→ relational specificationἅγιος (gen. pl.): see v. 1.
ἐστίνit isPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula (classification)→ gnomic present (standing classification)εἰμί: see v. 1; restates the most-holy status.
7

ὥσπερ τὸ περὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας οὕτω καὶ τὸ τῆς πλημμελείας νόμος εἷς αὐτῶν ὁ ἱερεύς ὅστις ἐξιλάσεται ἐν αὐτῷ αὐτῷ ἔσται

As the sin-offering is, so also is the trespass-offering: there is one law for them; the priest who makes atonement by it — to him it shall belong.

Comparative summary: sin and trespass offerings under one lawὥσπερ … οὕτω καὶ
A comparative formula (ὥσπερ … οὕτω καί, 'just as … so also') equates the trespass offering with the sin offering, summed up by νόμος εἷς αὐτῶν ('one law for them'). The final clause assigns the priestly portion to the officiant: ὁ ἱερεὺς ὅστις ἐξιλάσεται ἐν αὐτῷ, αὐτῷ ἔσται ('the priest who atones by it — to him it shall belong'), a fronted casus pendens resolved by the resumptive αὐτῷ.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ὥσπερjust ascomparative conjunction (protasis of comparison)→ discourse linkage or contrastὥσπερ: 'just as / even as'; introduces the comparison equating sin and trespass offerings; correlated with οὕτω.
τὸthe (offering)Nominativesubstantival article ('the sin-offering matter')→ noun-phrase markingὁ (neuter substantival): the neuter article τὸ περὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας is the elliptical designation of the sin offering ('the [offering] for sin'), parallel to τὸ … τῆς πλημμελείας.
περὶfor / concerningpreposition + genitive (designation of the sin offering)→ spatial or relational framingπερί + genitive: 'for'; τὸ περὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας = the sin offering.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτίαςsinGenitivegenitive object of περί→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin / sin-offering'; renders חַטָּאת, which denotes both the sin and the offering that removes it; here the sin offering as the comparand.
οὕτωsocorrelative adverb (apodosis of comparison)→ adverbial qualificationοὕτω(ς): 'thus / so'; completes the ὥσπερ … οὕτω correlation, asserting identical treatment.
καὶalsoadverbial/adjunctive 'also'→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here adjunctive ('so also'), reinforcing the equation.
τὸthe (offering)Nominativesubstantival article ('the trespass-offering matter')→ noun-phrase markingὁ (neuter substantival): τὸ τῆς πλημμελείας = the trespass offering, parallel ellipsis to τὸ περὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλημμελείαςtrespassGenitivegenitive (defining the second offering)→ relational specificationπλημμέλεια: see v. 1.
νόμοςlawNominativepredicate nominative ('one law')→ participant prominenceνόμος: see v. 1; here the single ritual prescription governing both offerings.
εἷςoneNominativeattributive numeral (modifying νόμος)→ measure or countεἷς: 'one'; renders אֶחָד; νόμος εἷς ('one law') stresses the legal identity of sin and trespass offerings in their priestly handling.
αὐτῶνfor themGenitivegenitive (of reference: 'one law of/for them')→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'them' = the two offerings; the genitive expresses that the single law belongs to both.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with ἱερεύς, casus pendens)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεύςpriestNominativecasus pendens (nominative absolute, resumed by αὐτῷ)→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: see v. 5; here the fronted nominative 'the priest …' is left hanging and resumed by the dative αὐτῷ ('to him'), a Hebraizing pendent construction.
ὅστιςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἐξιλάσεται)→ participant referenceὅστις: generalizing relative 'whoever / the one who'; introduces the qualifying clause identifying the entitled priest.
ἐξιλάσεταιmakes atonementFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐξιλάσκομαιverb of relative clause (the atoning act)→ legislative future (the atoning function)ἐξιλάσκομαι: 'make atonement / propitiate'; the LXX's standard rendering of כִּפֶּר (Piel of כפר); the intensive ἐξ- compound denotes effecting expiation; the priest who performs the atonement receives the meat (cf. 6:26).
ἐνby / withpreposition + dative (instrumental: 'by it')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dative: here instrumental, 'by means of it' (the offering); a Hebraizing use of בְּ.
αὐτῷitDativedative object of ἐν (instrumental: the offering)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: 'it' = the offering, the instrument of atonement.
αὐτῷto himDativedative of possession (resuming the casus pendens ὁ ἱερεύς)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: 'to him'; the resumptive dative of possession with ἔσται ('shall be to him' = shall belong to him), picking up the pendent nominative ὁ ἱερεύς.
ἔσταιit shall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (dative of possession: 'shall belong to him')→ legislative future (assignment of the priestly portion)εἰμί (fut.): with the dative αὐτῷ, the idiom αὐτῷ ἔσται means 'it shall belong to him'; assigns the offering's edible portion to the officiating priest (a refrain: vv. 8, 9, 14).
8

καὶ ὁ ἱερεὺς ὁ προσάγων ὁλοκαύτωμα ἀνθρώπου τὸ δέρμα τῆς ὁλοκαυτώσεως ἧς αὐτὸς προσφέρει αὐτῷ ἔσται

And the priest who offers a person's whole-burnt offering — the hide of the whole-burnt sacrifice that he offers shall belong to him.

Perquisite rule: the hide of the burnt offering goes to the officiating priestκαὶ ὁ ἱερεὺς ὁ προσάγων
First of three perquisite rulings (vv. 8–10). Built again as a casus pendens (ὁ ἱερεὺς ὁ προσάγων …) resolved by αὐτῷ ἔσται, it grants the priest who offers a layman's ὁλοκαύτωμα its hide (τὸ δέρμα) — the one part of an otherwise wholly-consumed offering that is not burned, and so the priest's lawful due.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheNominativearticle (casus pendens subject)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεὺςpriestNominativecasus pendens (resumed by αὐτῷ)→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: see v. 5; the fronted nominative is resumed by the dative αὐτῷ.
ὁthe (who)Nominativearticle (attributive participle)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσάγωνoffering / presentingPres Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · προσάγωattributive participle (modifying ἱερεύς: 'who offers')→ descriptive present participle (the officiating act)προσάγω: 'bring near / present / offer'; renders הִקְרִיב; near-synonym of προσφέρω; identifies the specific priest who conducts the burnt offering.
ὁλοκαύτωμαwhole-burnt offeringAccusativedirect object of προσάγων→ object specificationὁλοκαύτωμα: see v. 2; the offering wholly consumed by fire, here brought by a layman through the priest.
ἀνθρώπουof a personGenitivegenitive of source/owner (the layman whose offering it is)→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: 'man / person'; here renders אִישׁ in the sense of any individual Israelite; the offering belongs to a layman, distinguishing this from the priest's own offerings (the hide of which was burned, cf. 4:11).
τὸtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δέρμαhide / skinNominativesubject of ἔσται (the perquisite)→ participant prominenceδέρμα: 'skin / hide'; renders עוֹר; the hide of a layman's burnt offering is the priest's perquisite — the sole part not given to the fire, hence economically significant.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁλοκαυτώσεωςwhole-burnt sacrificeGenitivegenitive (the offering from which the hide comes)→ relational specificationὁλοκαύτωσις: 'whole-burnt sacrifice / act of burning whole'; abstract/nominal variant of ὁλοκαύτωμα, denoting the burnt-offering rite; the hide is 'of the whole-burnt sacrifice.'
ἧςwhichGenitiverelative pronoun (genitive, attracted; object of προσφέρει)→ relational specificationὅς: relative pronoun in the genitive by attraction to its antecedent ὁλοκαυτώσεως; logically the object of προσφέρει ('which he offers').
αὐτὸςhe himselfNominativeintensive subject of προσφέρει→ participant prominenceαὐτός: intensive 'he himself' — the very priest who performs the offering, stressing that the perquisite goes to the actual officiant.
προσφέρειoffersPres Act Indic 3 Sg · προσφέρωverb of relative clause (the offering act)→ customary present (the officiating act)προσφέρω: see v. 3; the present describes the priest's regular act of presenting the burnt offering.
αὐτῷto himDativedative of possession (resuming ὁ ἱερεύς)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: resumptive dative 'to him,' picking up the pendent nominative ὁ ἱερεύς.
ἔσταιit shall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (possession idiom: 'shall belong to him')→ legislative future (assignment of the hide)εἰμί (fut.): the possessive idiom αὐτῷ ἔσται assigns the hide to the officiating priest (cf. vv. 7, 9).
9

καὶ πᾶσα θυσία ἥτις ποιηθήσεται ἐν τῷ κλιβάνῳ καὶ πᾶσα ἥτις ποιηθήσεται ἐπ᾿ ἐσχάρας ἢ ἐπὶ τηγάνου τοῦ ἱερέως τοῦ προσφέροντος αὐτήν αὐτῷ ἔσται

And every grain-offering that is baked in the oven, and every one that is prepared on the hearth-plate or on the pan, shall belong to the priest who offers it; it shall be his.

Perquisite rule: cooked grain offerings belong to the officiating priestκαὶ πᾶσα θυσία ἥτις
Second perquisite ruling. Cooked cereal offerings — oven-baked, or prepared on griddle or pan — go to the priest who offers them. The distributive πᾶσα … ἥτις ('every … which') with the future passive ποιηθήσεται enumerates modes of cooking; the casus pendens (τοῦ ἱερέως τοῦ προσφέροντος) is resolved by αὐτῷ ἔσται, the chapter's recurring possession-refrain.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσαeveryNominativeadjective (modifying θυσία)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'every / all'; feminine πᾶσα agrees with θυσία; the distributive scope covers every baked cereal offering.
θυσίαgrain-offering / sacrificeNominativesubject (casus pendens, resumed by αὐτῷ)→ participant prominenceθυσία: 'sacrifice / offering'; here in the specific sense of the מִנְחָה, the cereal/grain offering, as the cooking-contexts (oven, griddle, pan) show; a key term repeated in vv. 9–18.
ἥτιςwhichNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ποιηθήσεται)→ participant referenceὅστις: generalizing relative 'whatever / which'; introduces the qualifying clause specifying the mode of preparation.
ποιηθήσεταιis prepared / madeFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωverb of relative clause (mode of preparation)→ gnomic/legislative future passive (manner of cooking)ποιέω: 'make / prepare'; the future passive here renders the Hebrew יֵעָשֶׂה ('is made/prepared'); used technically of preparing the cereal offering by baking.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative: in the oven)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative: in the oven).
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλιβάνῳovenDativedative of place (locative)→ sphere or referenceκλίβανος: 'oven / baking-furnace'; renders תַּנּוּר; the first of three cooking-modes for the cereal offering (cf. 2:4).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσαeveryNominativeadjective (substantival with ἥτις: 'every one which')→ participant prominenceπᾶς: see above; the second distributive 'every one' (θυσία understood).
ἥτιςwhichNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ποιηθήσεται)→ participant referenceὅστις: see above.
ποιηθήσεταιis preparedFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωverb of relative clause (second mode of preparation)→ gnomic/legislative future passiveποιέω: see above.
ἐπ᾿onpreposition + genitive (locative: on the hearth-plate)→ spatial or relational framingἐπ᾿: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (locative: on the hearth-plate).
ἐσχάραςhearth-plate / griddleGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί→ relational specificationἐσχάρα: 'hearth / fire-pan / griddle'; renders מַחֲבַת, the flat baking-plate; the second cooking-mode (cf. 2:5).
ἢordisjunctive conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastἤ: 'or'; sets the third cooking-mode as an alternative.
ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (locative: on the pan)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (locative: on the pan).
τηγάνουfrying-panGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί→ relational specificationτήγανον: 'frying-pan / stew-pan'; renders מַרְחֶשֶׁת, the deep cooking-pan; the third mode (cf. 2:7).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (casus pendens)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερέωςpriest'sGenitivegenitive of possession (casus pendens, resumed by αὐτῷ)→ relational specificationἱερεύς: see v. 5; the fronted genitive 'of the priest' anticipates the possession-statement αὐτῷ ἔσται.
τοῦthe (who)Genitivearticle (attributive participle)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσφέροντοςofferingPres Act Ptc Gen Sg Masc · προσφέρωattributive participle (modifying ἱερέως: 'who offers it')→ descriptive present participle (the officiating act)προσφέρω: see v. 3; identifies the specific priest who presents the cereal offering as its recipient.
αὐτήνitAccusativedirect object of προσφέροντος (the θυσία)→ participant referenceαὐτός: feminine 'it' = the θυσία (grain offering).
αὐτῷto himDativedative of possession (resuming τοῦ ἱερέως)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: resumptive dative 'to him,' completing the pendent construction.
ἔσταιit shall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (possession idiom)→ legislative future (assignment of the offering)εἰμί (fut.): the refrain αὐτῷ ἔσται ('it shall be his'); assigns the cooked cereal offering to the officiant.
10

καὶ πᾶσα θυσία ἀναπεποιημένη ἐν ἐλαίῳ καὶ μὴ ἀναπεποιημένη πᾶσι τοῖς υἱοῖς Ααρων ἔσται ἑκάστῳ τὸ ἴσον

And every grain-offering mixed with oil, or not mixed, shall belong to all the sons of Aaron, to each an equal share.

Perquisite rule: uncooked grain offerings shared among all priestsκαὶ πᾶσα θυσία ἀναπεποιημένη
Third perquisite ruling, contrasting with v. 9: cereal offerings not baked but presented raw (whether moistened with oil or dry) belong to all Aaron's sons in equal shares (ἑκάστῳ τὸ ἴσον, 'to each the equal part'). The cooked-vs-uncooked distinction governs whether the offering goes to the single officiant or to the whole priestly body.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσαeveryNominativeadjective (modifying θυσία)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: see v. 9.
θυσίαgrain-offeringNominativesubject→ participant prominenceθυσία: see v. 9; here the uncooked cereal offering.
ἀναπεποιημένηmixed / prepared (with oil)Perf Mid/Pass Ptc Nom Sg Fem · ἀναποιέωattributive participle (modifying θυσία)→ resultative perfect participle (state of being mixed)ἀναποιέω: 'work up / knead / mix thoroughly'; the perfect passive participle denotes the resultant state of a cereal offering moistened/kneaded with oil (rendering Hebrew בְּלוּלָה בַשֶּׁמֶן); cf. v. 12.
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (instrumental/material: 'with oil')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (instrumental/material: 'with oil').
ἐλαίῳoilDativedative of material (with which it is mixed)→ sphere or referenceἔλαιον: 'olive oil'; renders שֶׁמֶן; the standard accompaniment of the cereal offering (cf. 2:1).
καὶand / orcoordinate conjunction (here 'and (the one)' = 'or')→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here links the alternative — 'mixed … and (= or) not mixed,' covering both states.
μὴnotnegative particle (with participle ἀναπεποιημένη)→ discourse linkage or contrastμή: the negative used with participles; 'not mixed' = the dry cereal offering.
ἀναπεποιημένηmixed / preparedPerf Mid/Pass Ptc Nom Sg Fem · ἀναποιέωattributive participle (negated: 'not mixed')→ resultative perfect participle (state, here negated)ἀναποιέω: see above; the negated participle covers the dry offering, ensuring both kinds fall under the rule.
πᾶσιallDativeadjective (modifying υἱοῖς: 'all the sons')→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: 'all'; the dative πᾶσι stresses that the offering is shared among the whole priestly body, not one officiant.
τοῖςtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative of possession ('shall belong to the sons')→ sphere or referenceυἱός: 'son'; renders בֵּן; οἱ υἱοὶ Ααρων ('the sons of Aaron') is the standard designation of the priestly line.
Ααρωνof Aarongenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑαρων: transliteration of Hebrew אַהֲרֹן; indeclinable in the LXX; here a possessive genitive, 'the sons of Aaron' = the priests.
ἔσταιit shall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (possession idiom: 'shall belong')→ legislative future (assignment of the offering)εἰμί (fut.): with the dative τοῖς υἱοῖς, 'shall belong to the sons of Aaron.'
ἑκάστῳto eachDativedistributive dative (in apposition to υἱοῖς)→ sphere or referenceἕκαστος: 'each'; the distributive dative ensures equitable sharing — to each priest individually.
τὸtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἴσονequal partNominativepredicate/adverbial accusative-as-nominative (the equal share)→ participant prominenceἴσος: 'equal'; substantival τὸ ἴσον ('the equal [share]') specifies that each priest receives an identical portion — equity within the priestly body.
11

οὗτος ὁ νόμος θυσίας σωτηρίου ἣν προσοίσουσιν κυρίῳ

This is the law of the sacrifice of deliverance which they shall offer to the LORD.

Heading: new sacrificial torah (the peace/deliverance offering)οὗτος ὁ νόμος θυσίας σωτηρίου
The torah-heading formula οὗτος ὁ νόμος (cf. v. 1) opens the law of the θυσία σωτηρίου ('sacrifice of deliverance/well-being'), the longest sub-unit of the chapter (vv. 11–21). The relative clause ἣν προσοίσουσιν κυρίῳ ('which they shall offer to the LORD') marks it as a freely-brought offering whose flesh is shared by the worshipper.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
οὗτοςthisNominativedemonstrative subject (predicate-formula)→ participant referenceοὗτος: see v. 1; the cataphoric demonstrative opening a new torah-unit.
ὁtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νόμοςlawNominativepredicate nominative→ participant prominenceνόμος: see v. 1; here the prescription for the peace offering.
θυσίαςof the sacrificeGenitivegenitive (the offering to which the law pertains)→ relational specificationθυσία: 'sacrifice'; here in the construct phrase θυσία σωτηρίου, the peace/well-being offering (זֶבַח שְׁלָמִים).
σωτηρίουof deliverance / well-beingGenitiveattributive/qualitative genitive (defining the sacrifice)→ relational specificationσωτήριον: 'deliverance / salvation / well-being (offering)'; the LXX's standard rendering of שְׁלָמִים; the substantivized neuter denotes the peace/fellowship offering expressing communion and thanksgiving (cf. 3:1).
ἣνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of προσοίσουσιν; antecedent θυσίας)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; feminine accusative agreeing with θυσίας; object of the offering-verb.
προσοίσουσινthey shall offerFut Act Indic 3 Pl · προσφέρωverb of relative clause (legislative future)→ legislative future (prescribed presentation)προσφέρω: see v. 3; the indefinite third plural ('they/the worshippers shall offer') frames the offering as a general institution.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of advantage (recipient)→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the dative marks YHWH as recipient of the peace offering.
12

ἐὰν μὲν περὶ αἰνέσεως προσφέρῃ αὐτήν καὶ προσοίσει ἐπὶ τῆς θυσίας τῆς αἰνέσεως ἄρτους ἐκ σεμιδάλεως ἀναπεποιημένους ἐν ἐλαίῳ λάγανα ἄζυμα διακεχρισμένα ἐν ἐλαίῳ καὶ σεμίδαλιν πεφυραμένην ἐν ἐλαίῳ

If he offers it for thanksgiving, then he shall offer, with the sacrifice of thanksgiving, loaves of fine flour mixed with oil, unleavened wafers anointed with oil, and fine flour kneaded with oil.

First case: the thank-offering (αἴνεσις) and its accompanying breadsἐὰν μὲν περὶ αἰνέσεως
The first sub-case of the peace offering (μέν … answered by κἂν in v. 16) is the thank-offering (αἴνεσις, rendering תּוֹדָה). It is brought with three kinds of cereal product mixed with oil: ἄρτοι ('loaves'), λάγανα ἄζυμα ('unleavened wafers'), and σεμίδαλις πεφυραμένη ('kneaded fine flour'). The oil-rich enumeration parallels the cereal-offering law of ch. 2.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
ἐὰνifconditional conjunction (introducing the protasis; + subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: 'if'; with the subjunctive introduces the conditional casuistry typical of priestly law ('if a man …').
μὲνon the one handcorrelative particle (μέν … answered by the alternative in v. 16)→ discourse linkage or contrastμέν: marks the first member of a contrast; here it sets off the thank-offering case against the vow/freewill case introduced by κἄν in v. 16.
περὶforpreposition + genitive (purpose: 'for thanksgiving')→ spatial or relational framingπερί + genitive: 'for / with a view to'; defines the motive of the offering.
αἰνέσεωςthanksgiving / praiseGenitivegenitive object of περί (purpose of the offering)→ relational specificationαἴνεσις: 'praise / thanksgiving'; the LXX's rendering of תּוֹדָה, the thank-offering; the peace offering brought to acknowledge a specific deliverance or benefit; a key liturgical term (cf. Ps 49:14 LXX).
προσφέρῃhe offersPres Act Subj 3 Sg · προσφέρωverb of the protasis (subjunctive with ἐάν)→ present subjunctive (general/iterative condition)προσφέρω: see v. 3; the present subjunctive in the protasis presents the offering as a general, repeatable case.
αὐτήνitAccusativedirect object (the θυσία σωτηρίου)→ participant referenceαὐτός: feminine 'it' = the peace offering (θυσία) of v. 11.
καὶthen / andapodotic καί (introducing the apodosis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here apodotic ('then'), a Hebraizing use marking the consequence of the condition (rendering the waw of the apodosis).
προσοίσειhe shall offerFut Act Indic 3 Sg · προσφέρωmain verb of the apodosis (legislative future)→ legislative future (prescribed accompaniment)προσφέρω: see v. 3; the apodosis prescribes the accompanying bread-offerings.
ἐπὶwith / in addition topreposition + genitive ('upon / together with the sacrifice')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + genitive: here 'upon / in addition to'; the breads are presented together with the slaughtered offering.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίαςsacrificeGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί→ relational specificationθυσία: see v. 9; here the thank-offering sacrifice itself.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰνέσεωςthanksgivingGenitiveattributive genitive (defining the sacrifice)→ relational specificationαἴνεσις: see above; 'the sacrifice of thanksgiving.'
ἄρτουςloavesAccusativedirect object of προσοίσει (first bread-item)→ object specificationἄρτος: 'bread / loaf'; renders חַלָּה (cakes); the first of the three cereal accompaniments of the thank-offering.
ἐκof / frompreposition + genitive (material: 'of fine flour')→ spatial or relational framingἐκ + genitive: of material, 'made of.'
σεμιδάλεωςfine flourGenitivegenitive of material (object of ἐκ)→ relational specificationσεμίδαλις: 'fine wheat flour / semolina'; renders סֹלֶת; the high-grade flour prescribed for cereal offerings (cf. 2:1).
ἀναπεποιημένουςmixed (with oil)Perf Mid/Pass Ptc Acc Pl Masc · ἀναποιέωattributive participle (modifying ἄρτους)→ resultative perfect participle (state of being mixed)ἀναποιέω: see v. 10; the loaves are kneaded/mixed with oil (בְּלוּלֹת בַּשֶּׁמֶן).
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (material: 'with oil')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (material: 'with oil').
ἐλαίῳoilDativedative of material→ sphere or referenceἔλαιον: see v. 10.
λάγαναwafers / thin cakesAccusativedirect object (second bread-item)→ object specificationλάγανον: 'thin cake / wafer'; renders רָקִיק; the flat unleavened wafer; second cereal accompaniment (cf. 2:4).
ἄζυμαunleavenedAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying λάγανα)→ object specificationἄζυμος: 'unleavened'; renders מַצָּה; the wafers, unlike the leavened loaves of v. 13, are made without leaven.
διακεχρισμέναanointed / smeared (with oil)Perf Mid/Pass Ptc Acc Pl Neut · διαχρίωattributive participle (modifying λάγανα)→ resultative perfect participle (state of being smeared)διαχρίω: 'smear / anoint thoroughly'; renders מְשֻׁחִים (anointed); the wafers are brushed over with oil; the χρ- root anticipates the χρῖσις ('anointing-portion') of vv. 35–36.
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (material)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (material).
ἐλαίῳoilDativedative of material→ sphere or referenceἔλαιον: see v. 10.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (third bread-item)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σεμίδαλινfine flourAccusativedirect object (third item)→ object specificationσεμίδαλις: see above; here the fine flour itself, kneaded with oil, as the third cereal accompaniment.
πεφυραμένηνkneaded / mixed (with oil)Perf Mid/Pass Ptc Acc Sg Fem · φυράωattributive participle (modifying σεμίδαλιν)→ resultative perfect participle (state of being kneaded)φυράω: 'mix / knead / moisten'; renders מֻרְבֶּכֶת / בְּלוּלָה; the perfect passive participle denotes flour worked together with oil into a dough.
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (material)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (material).
ἐλαίῳoilDativedative of material→ sphere or referenceἔλαιον: see v. 10; the fourfold ἐν ἐλαίῳ in this verse foregrounds oil as the binding element of all the thank-offering breads.
13

ἐπ᾿ ἄρτοις ζυμίταις προσοίσει τὰ δῶρα αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ θυσίᾳ αἰνέσεως σωτηρίου

Upon leavened loaves he shall present his gifts, with the sacrifice of thanksgiving of deliverance.

Continuation: the leavened bread distinctive of the thank-offeringἐπ᾿ ἄρτοις ζυμίταις
Unusually, the thank-offering alone among the peace offerings is accompanied by leavened bread (ἄρτοι ζυμῖται), which is offered alongside the unleavened cakes of v. 12 but (per ch. 2) is not burnt on the altar. This concession to leaven distinguishes the festive thank-offering and underscores its character as a shared communal meal.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐπ᾿upon / withpreposition + dative ('upon/together with leavened loaves')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + dative: 'upon / in addition to'; the leavened bread accompanies the offering.
ἄρτοιςloavesDativedative object of ἐπί→ sphere or referenceἄρτος: see v. 12; here the leavened loaves uniquely permitted with the thank-offering.
ζυμίταιςleavenedDativeattributive adjective (modifying ἄρτοις)→ sphere or referenceζυμίτης: 'made with leaven, leavened'; renders חָמֵץ; in contrast to the ἄζυμα of v. 12; leaven was normally barred from the altar (2:11) but is allowed here as part of the thank-offering meal.
προσοίσειhe shall presentFut Act Indic 3 Sg · προσφέρωmain verb (legislative future)→ legislative future (prescribed presentation)προσφέρω: see v. 3; prescribes the presentation of the bread-gifts.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δῶραgiftsAccusativedirect object of προσοίσει→ object specificationδῶρον: 'gift / offering'; renders קָרְבָּן, the general term for a presented offering; here the accompanying bread-gifts.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (the offerer's)→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his' = the worshipper's.
ἐπὶwithpreposition + dative ('together with the sacrifice')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + dative: see above; the gifts are presented along with the slain offering.
θυσίᾳsacrificeDativedative object of ἐπί→ sphere or referenceθυσία: see v. 9; the thank-offering sacrifice.
αἰνέσεωςof thanksgivingGenitiveattributive genitive (defining the sacrifice)→ relational specificationαἴνεσις: see v. 12.
σωτηρίουof deliveranceGenitiveattributive genitive (defining the sacrifice further)→ relational specificationσωτήριον: see v. 11; the full phrase θυσία αἰνέσεως σωτηρίου = 'the thank-offering of the peace-offering.'
14

καὶ προσάξει ἓν ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν δώρων αὐτοῦ ἀφαίρεμα κυρίῳ τῷ ἱερεῖ τῷ προσχέοντι τὸ αἷμα τοῦ σωτηρίου αὐτῷ ἔσται

And he shall present one from all his gifts as a heave-offering to the LORD; it shall belong to the priest who pours out the blood of the deliverance-offering.

Priestly portion: one of each bread-kind as a heave-offeringκαὶ προσάξει ἓν
One item from each of the bread-kinds is set aside as an ἀφαίρεμα ('heave-offering / contribution') for the priest — specifically the one who performs the blood-rite (τῷ προσχέοντι τὸ αἷμα). The technical noun ἀφαίρεμα (תְּרוּמָה) names the priestly due lifted off the larger gift; the verse anchors the offering's distribution in the officiant's atoning act.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσάξειhe shall presentFut Act Indic 3 Sg · προσάγωmain verb (legislative future)→ legislative future (prescribed setting-apart)προσάγω: see v. 8; here of presenting one portion as the priestly contribution.
ἓνoneAccusativedirect object (substantival numeral: 'one [item]')→ measure or countεἷς (neut. ἕν): 'one'; one piece from each kind of bread is taken as the heave-offering.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (partitive: 'from all his gifts')→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: partitive 'from'; the one portion is drawn from the whole set of gifts.
πάντωνallGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying δώρων)→ relational specificationπᾶς: 'all'; one from each of all the bread-kinds.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δώρωνgiftsGenitivepartitive genitive (object of ἀπό)→ relational specificationδῶρον: see v. 13; the assortment of bread-offerings.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his' = the worshipper's.
ἀφαίρεμαheave-offering / contributionAccusativepredicate accusative (in apposition: 'as a heave-offering')→ object specificationἀφαίρεμα: 'that which is removed/lifted off, a contribution'; the LXX's standard rendering of תְּרוּמָה, the 'heave-offering' portion set apart for the priest; paired with ἐπίθεμα (the 'wave') in vv. 30, 34.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of advantage (the offering is for the LORD)→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the contribution is dedicated to YHWH, then assigned to his priest.
τῷto theDativearticle (casus pendens / dative of possession)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῖpriestDativedative of possession (the recipient priest)→ sphere or referenceἱερεύς: see v. 5; the priest who receives the heave-portion.
τῷthe (who)Dativearticle (attributive participle)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσχέοντιpouring outPres Act Ptc Dat Sg Masc · προσχέωattributive participle (modifying ἱερεῖ: 'who pours the blood')→ descriptive present participle (the officiating blood-rite)προσχέω: see v. 2; the priest who performs the blood-manipulation is the one entitled to the heave-portion.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἷμαbloodAccusativedirect object of προσχέοντι→ object specificationαἷμα: see v. 2; the blood of the peace offering dashed against the altar.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σωτηρίουdeliverance-offeringGenitivegenitive (the offering whose blood it is)→ relational specificationσωτήριον: see v. 11; here used absolutely for the peace offering ('the blood of the deliverance-offering').
αὐτῷto himDativedative of possession (resuming τῷ ἱερεῖ)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: resumptive dative 'to him' = the officiating priest.
ἔσταιit shall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (possession idiom)→ legislative future (assignment of the heave-portion)εἰμί (fut.): the refrain αὐτῷ ἔσται; the heave-portion belongs to the blood-officiating priest.
15

καὶ τὰ κρέα θυσίας αἰνέσεως σωτηρίου αὐτῷ ἔσται καὶ ἐν ᾗ ἡμέρᾳ δωρεῖται βρωθήσεται οὐ καταλείψουσιν ἀπ᾿ αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸ πρωί

And the flesh of the thanksgiving sacrifice of deliverance shall be his; and on the day it is presented it shall be eaten; they shall leave none of it until the morning.

Eating rule: thank-offering flesh eaten the same dayκαὶ τὰ κρέα
The flesh of the thank-offering belongs to the worshipper (αὐτῷ ἔσται) but must be eaten the very day it is offered, leaving nothing till morning — the strictest time-limit, marking the thank-offering as the most festal and immediate of the peace offerings (cf. the vow/freewill allowance of two days, v. 16).
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρέαflesh / meatNominativesubject of ἔσται→ participant prominenceκρέας (pl. κρέα): 'flesh / meat'; renders בָּשָׂר; the edible portion of the peace offering, shared in the sacrificial meal; the term governs the eating-rules of vv. 15–21.
θυσίαςof the sacrificeGenitivegenitive (the offering whose flesh it is)→ relational specificationθυσία: see v. 9.
αἰνέσεωςof thanksgivingGenitiveattributive genitive→ relational specificationαἴνεσις: see v. 12.
σωτηρίουof deliveranceGenitiveattributive genitive→ relational specificationσωτήριον: see v. 11.
αὐτῷto himDativedative of possession→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: 'to him' = the worshipper, who eats the flesh in the sacrificial meal.
ἔσταιit shall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (possession idiom)→ legislative future (assignment of the flesh)εἰμί (fut.): 'shall be his'; the peace-offering flesh, unlike the most-holy offerings, is the lay worshipper's to eat.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνonpreposition + dative (temporal: 'on the day')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (temporal: 'on the day').
ᾗwhichDativerelative pronoun (modifying ἡμέρᾳ)→ participant reference or interestὅς: relative pronoun; ἐν ᾗ ἡμέρᾳ = 'on the day on which.'
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time (locative-temporal)→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: 'day'; renders יוֹם; the temporal frame for consumption.
δωρεῖταιit is presented / givenPres Mid/Pass Indic 3 Sg · δωρέομαιverb of relative clause (the day of presentation)→ present (the day of offering)δωρέομαι: 'give / present as a gift'; cognate with δῶρον; here passive/middle 'is presented (as a gift)'; renders הִקְרִיב in its giving-sense; fixes the day of offering as the day of eating.
βρωθήσεταιit shall be eatenFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἐσθίω / βιβρώσκωmain verb (legislative future passive)→ legislative future (prescribed/permitted consumption)βιβρώσκω (fut. pass. βρωθήσεται): 'be eaten'; the suppletive passive future to ἐσθίω; renders יֵאָכֵל; the impersonal passive prescribes that the flesh be consumed the same day.
οὐnotnegative particle (with future indicative: prohibition)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: the negative with the future indicative forms an emphatic prohibition ('they shall not leave').
καταλείψουσινthey shall leaveFut Act Indic 3 Pl · καταλείπωmain verb (prohibitive future)→ prohibitive future (nothing to be left over)καταλείπω: 'leave behind / leave over'; renders הוֹתִיר; the prohibition against leftovers parallels the Passover rule (Exod 12:10) and guards the holiness of the offering.
ἀπ᾿of / frompreposition + genitive (partitive: 'any of it')→ spatial or relational framingἀπ᾿: meaning 'of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (partitive: 'any of it').
αὐτοῦitGenitivepartitive genitive (object of ἀπό)→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'of it' = the flesh; partitive — none of the meat is to remain.
εἰςuntilpreposition + accusative (temporal limit: 'until morning')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς + accusative: temporal 'until / for'; marks the deadline.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρωίmorningAccusativeaccusative of time (object of εἰς)→ object specificationπρωΐ: 'morning / early'; here substantival τὸ πρωί ('the morning'); renders בֹּקֶר; the flesh must be wholly consumed before daybreak of the next day.
16

κἂν εὐχή ἢ ἑκούσιον θυσιάζῃ τὸ δῶρον αὐτοῦ ᾗ ἂν ἡμέρᾳ προσαγάγῃ τὴν θυσίαν αὐτοῦ βρωθήσεται καὶ τῇ αὔριον

But if his gift be a vow or a freewill offering that he sacrifices, it shall be eaten on whatever day he presents his sacrifice, and on the next day also.

Second case: vow and freewill offerings, eaten over two daysκἂν εὐχή ἢ ἑκούσιον
The alternative case (answering the μέν of v. 12): if the peace offering is a vow (εὐχή) or freewill (ἑκούσιον) offering rather than a thank-offering, its flesh may be eaten not only on the day of offering but also on the next day (καὶ τῇ αὔριον). The longer window reflects the lesser festal intensity of the non-thank peace offerings.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
κἂνbut if / and ifcrasis (καὶ ἐάν): conditional conjunction + subjunctive→ discourse linkage or contrastκἄν: crasis of καὶ ἐάν, 'and if / but if'; introduces the second conditional case, contrasting with ἐὰν μέν of v. 12.
εὐχήvowNominativepredicate nominative (the kind of offering)→ participant prominenceεὐχή: 'vow / prayer'; renders נֶדֶר; a peace offering brought in fulfilment of a vow; distinguished from the spontaneous freewill offering.
ἢordisjunctive conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastἤ: 'or'; sets the two voluntary categories in alternation.
ἑκούσιονfreewill offeringNominativepredicate nominative (alternative kind)→ participant prominenceἑκούσιον: 'voluntary / freewill (offering)'; substantivized neuter of ἑκούσιος; renders נְדָבָה, the spontaneous gift offered without prior vow.
θυσιάζῃhe sacrificesPres Act Subj 3 Sg · θυσιάζωverb of the protasis (subjunctive with κἄν)→ present subjunctive (general condition)θυσιάζω: 'sacrifice / offer in sacrifice'; denominative of θυσία; renders זָבַח; the act of slaughtering the peace offering.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δῶρονgiftAccusativedirect object of θυσιάζῃ→ object specificationδῶρον: see v. 13; the offering presented as vow or freewill gift.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his.'
ᾗwhateverDativerelative pronoun (with ἂν + subjunctive, modifying ἡμέρᾳ)→ participant reference or interestὅς: relative; with ἄν and the subjunctive, ᾗ ἂν ἡμέρᾳ = 'on whatever day.'
ἂν-evermodal particle (generalizing, with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἄν: modal particle marking the indefinite generalizing relative clause.
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time (temporal frame)→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: see v. 15.
προσαγάγῃhe presentsAor Act Subj 3 Sg · προσάγωverb of generalizing relative clause (subjunctive)→ aorist subjunctive (the act of presenting)προσάγω: see v. 8; aorist subjunctive in the indefinite-time clause, 'whenever he presents.'
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίανsacrificeAccusativedirect object of προσαγάγῃ→ object specificationθυσία: see v. 9; the peace offering presented.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his.'
βρωθήσεταιit shall be eatenFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · βιβρώσκωmain verb (legislative future passive)→ legislative future (permitted consumption)βιβρώσκω: see v. 15; here permitting consumption over two days.
καὶalsoadjunctive adverb ('also on the next day')→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: adjunctive 'also,' extending the allowed eating to the second day.
τῇtheDativearticle (with αὔριον: dative of time)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὔριονnext day / morrowDativedative of time (τῇ αὔριον = 'on the morrow')→ sphere or referenceαὔριον: 'tomorrow / the next day'; the substantival dative τῇ αὔριον (ἡμέρᾳ understood) = 'on the next day'; renders מִמָּחֳרָת; permits the vow/freewill flesh a second day, unlike the thank-offering (v. 15).
17

καὶ τὸ καταλειφθὲν ἀπὸ τῶν κρεῶν τῆς θυσίας ἕως ἡμέρας τρίτης ἐν πυρὶ κατακαυθήσεται

And what is left over from the flesh of the sacrifice until the third day shall be burned with fire.

Disposal rule: third-day remainder burnedκαὶ τὸ καταλειφθὲν
Whatever flesh of the vow/freewill offering remains to the third day must be destroyed by fire — not eaten. The articular aorist participle τὸ καταλειφθέν ('the thing left over') names the surplus; the rule both prevents profanation and sets up the warning of v. 18 against eating it.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸthe (thing)Nominativearticle (substantival participle)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταλειφθὲνwhat is left overAor Pass Ptc Nom Sg Neut · καταλείπωsubstantival participle (subject of κατακαυθήσεται)→ resultative aorist passive participle (the remainder)καταλείπω: see v. 15; the substantival participle τὸ καταλειφθέν ('the leftover') denotes the surplus flesh; its disposal by fire parallels Exod 12:10; 29:34.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (partitive: 'from the flesh')→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (partitive: 'from the flesh').
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρεῶνfleshGenitivepartitive genitive (object of ἀπό)→ relational specificationκρέας: see v. 15; the offering's meat.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίαςsacrificeGenitivegenitive (the offering whose flesh it is)→ relational specificationθυσία: see v. 9.
ἕωςuntilpreposition + genitive (temporal limit)→ spatial or relational framingἕως: 'until / as far as'; marks the boundary — flesh surviving to the third day.
ἡμέραςdayGenitivegenitive of time (object of ἕως)→ relational specificationἡμέρα: see v. 15.
τρίτηςthirdGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying ἡμέρας)→ relational specificationτρίτος: 'third'; renders שְׁלִישִׁי; the third day is the cut-off beyond which the flesh becomes unacceptable (cf. v. 18).
ἐνwith / inpreposition + dative (instrumental: 'with fire')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (instrumental: 'with fire').
πυρὶfireDativedative of means (instrumental)→ sphere or referenceπῦρ: 'fire'; renders אֵשׁ; the means of destroying the surplus flesh; ἐν πυρὶ κατακαυθήσεται is a fixed disposal-formula (cf. v. 19).
κατακαυθήσεταιit shall be burned upFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · κατακαίωmain verb (legislative future passive)→ legislative future (prescribed destruction)κατακαίω: 'burn up / consume by fire'; the intensive κατα- compound denotes total incineration; renders יִשָּׂרֵף; here the destruction (not the altar-offering) of unfit flesh.
18

ἐὰν δὲ φαγὼν φάγῃ ἀπὸ τῶν κρεῶν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ τρίτῃ οὐ δεχθήσεται αὐτῷ τῷ προσφέροντι αὐτό οὐ λογισθήσεται αὐτῷ μίασμά ἐστιν ἡ δὲ ψυχή ἥτις ἐὰν φάγῃ ἀπ᾿ αὐτοῦ τὴν ἁμαρτίαν λήμψεται

But if he eats at all of the flesh on the third day, it shall not be accepted for the one offering it; it shall not be reckoned to him; it is a defilement. And the soul that eats of it shall bear its sin.

Sanction: eating the third-day flesh nullifies the offering and incurs guiltἐὰν δὲ φαγὼν φάγῃ
The cognate-participle construction φαγὼν φάγῃ ('eating he eat' = 'if he actually eats') is a Hebraism rendering the infinitive absolute, intensifying the conditional. Eating on the third day voids the offering: it is 'not accepted' (οὐ δεχθήσεται), 'not reckoned' (οὐ λογισθήσεται), and is μίασμα ('a defilement'); the eater 'bears his sin' (τὴν ἁμαρτίαν λήμψεται).
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
ἐὰνifconditional conjunction (+ subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: see v. 12.
δὲbutadversative particle (post-positive)→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: mild adversative, contrasting the violation with the lawful eating of v. 16.
φαγὼνeatingAor Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · ἐσθίωcognate participle (Hebraism: rendering infinitive absolute)→ intensifying aorist participle (emphatic condition)ἐσθίω (aor. ptc.): the construction φαγὼν φάγῃ ('eating he should eat') calques the Hebrew infinitive absolute אָכֹל יֵאָכֵל, intensifying — 'if he eats at all / actually eats'; a standard LXX device (cf. ἐκβαλεῖ ἐκβολῇ, Exod 11:1).
φάγῃhe eatsAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἐσθίωverb of the protasis (subjunctive with ἐάν)→ aorist subjunctive (the prohibited act)ἐσθίω: see v. 6; the finite verb completing the cognate construction.
ἀπὸof / frompreposition + genitive (partitive)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (partitive).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρεῶνfleshGenitivepartitive genitive (object of ἀπό)→ relational specificationκρέας: see v. 15.
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: see v. 15.
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρίτῃthirdDativeattributive adjective (modifying ἡμέρᾳ)→ sphere or referenceτρίτος: see v. 17; eating on the third day is the violation.
οὐnotnegative particle (with future indicative)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: negates the acceptance.
δεχθήσεταιit shall be acceptedFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · δέχομαιmain verb (declaratory future passive)→ declaratory future (cultic non-acceptance)δέχομαι: 'receive / accept (with favor)'; renders רָצָה / יֵרָצֶה in the cultic sense of an offering being accepted by God (cf. 1:4; 19:7); the violation renders the offering invalid.
αὐτῷfor himDativedative of advantage/reference (the offerer)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: 'for him' = the one who offered it; the offering is not credited to his benefit.
τῷthe (one)Dativearticle (attributive participle, in apposition to αὐτῷ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσφέροντιofferingPres Act Ptc Dat Sg Masc · προσφέρωattributive participle (in apposition to αὐτῷ: 'the one offering')→ descriptive present participle (the offerer)προσφέρω: see v. 3; identifies αὐτῷ as the worshipper presenting the offering.
αὐτόitAccusativedirect object of προσφέροντι→ participant referenceαὐτός: 'it' = the offering.
οὐnotnegative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: negates the reckoning.
λογισθήσεταιit shall be reckonedFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · λογίζομαιmain verb (declaratory future passive)→ declaratory future (non-imputation of merit)λογίζομαι: 'reckon / count / impute'; renders חָשַׁב / יֵחָשֵׁב; the offering will not be credited to the offerer's account — an idiom of cultic bookkeeping later weighty in Pauline theology (Rom 4).
αὐτῷto himDativedative of reference (the offerer)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: 'to him.'
μίασμάdefilement / pollutionNominativepredicate nominative (classifying the flesh)→ participant prominenceμίασμα: 'defilement / pollution'; renders פִּגּוּל (foul/refuse meat); the spoiled flesh is reclassified from holy to abhorrent; a strong cultic-purity term.
ἐστινit isPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula (predicating defilement)→ gnomic present (declaratory classification)εἰμί: 'be'; 'it is a defilement.'
ἡtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲand / butcontinuative/adversative particle (post-positive)→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: introduces the consequence for the eater.
ψυχήsoul / personNominativesubject (casus pendens, resumed in the apodosis)→ participant prominenceψυχή: 'soul / living person'; renders נֶפֶשׁ; in priestly law a common designation for the individual moral agent ('the person who …'); recurs in vv. 20, 21, 27.
ἥτιςwhoeverNominativerelative pronoun (subject of φάγῃ)→ participant referenceὅστις: generalizing relative 'whoever'; with ἐάν + subjunctive forms the casuistic protasis.
ἐὰνif (-ever)conditional particle (with the relative: 'whoever')→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: here combined with ἥτις to give a generalizing sense, 'whoever might eat.'
φάγῃeatsAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἐσθίωverb of relative-conditional clause (subjunctive)→ aorist subjunctive (the offense)ἐσθίω: see v. 6.
ἀπ᾿of / frompreposition + genitive (partitive)→ spatial or relational framingἀπ᾿: meaning 'of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (partitive).
αὐτοῦitGenitivepartitive genitive (the defiled flesh)→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'of it' = the spoiled flesh.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτίανsin / guiltAccusativedirect object of λήμψεται→ object specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin / guilt'; here the culpability incurred; the idiom ἁμαρτίαν λαμβάνειν renders נָשָׂא עָוֹן ('bear iniquity'), i.e. carry the liability for one's offense (cf. 5:1; 17:16).
λήμψεταιshall bear / take onFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb of the apodosis (declaratory future)→ declaratory future (incurring liability)λαμβάνω: 'take / receive'; the future middle λήμψεται with ἁμαρτίαν renders נָשָׂא, 'shall bear his sin' — the offender personally carries the guilt and its consequences.
19

καὶ κρέα ὅσα ἂν ἅψηται παντὸς ἀκαθάρτου οὐ βρωθήσεται ἐν πυρὶ κατακαυθήσεται πᾶς καθαρὸς φάγεται κρέα

And flesh that touches anything unclean shall not be eaten; it shall be burned with fire. Everyone who is clean may eat flesh.

Purity rule: contaminated flesh burned; clean persons may eatκαὶ κρέα ὅσα ἂν ἅψηται
A double rule on contact-purity: flesh that has touched anything unclean is disqualified and must be burned (as in v. 17), but conversely any ceremonially clean person may eat the (uncontaminated) flesh. The contrast ἀκάθαρτος/καθαρός frames the purity logic that governs vv. 19–21.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κρέαfleshNominativesubject (casus pendens, picked up by οὐ βρωθήσεται)→ participant prominenceκρέας: see v. 15.
ὅσαwhateverNominativerelative pronoun (quantitative: 'as much as')→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as much/many as'; the neuter plural ὅσα generalizes — 'whatever flesh.'
ἂν-evermodal particle (with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἄν: generalizing particle with the subjunctive ἅψηται.
ἅψηταιtouchesAor Mid Subj 3 Sg · ἅπτωverb of generalizing relative clause (subjunctive)→ aorist subjunctive (contracting contact)ἅπτομαι: 'touch / make contact'; middle of ἅπτω; takes the genitive (παντὸς ἀκαθάρτου); renders נָגַע; ritual contact transmits uncleanness to the holy flesh.
παντὸςanyGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying ἀκαθάρτου)→ relational specificationπᾶς: 'any / every'; comprehensive — contact with any unclean thing whatever.
ἀκαθάρτουunclean thingGenitivegenitive object of ἅψηται (substantival)→ relational specificationἀκάθαρτος: 'unclean / impure'; renders טָמֵא; the substantival neuter 'an unclean thing'; the key purity-term of vv. 19–21.
οὐnotnegative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: prohibitive with the future.
βρωθήσεταιit shall be eatenFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · βιβρώσκωmain verb (prohibitive future passive)→ prohibitive future (forbidden consumption)βιβρώσκω: see v. 15; here negated — contaminated flesh must not be eaten.
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (instrumental)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (instrumental).
πυρὶfireDativedative of means→ sphere or referenceπῦρ: see v. 17.
κατακαυθήσεταιit shall be burned upFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · κατακαίωmain verb (legislative future passive)→ legislative future (prescribed destruction)κατακαίω: see v. 17.
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubject (substantival: 'everyone')→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'everyone / all'; the universal subject of the permissive clause.
καθαρὸςcleanNominativeattributive adjective (modifying πᾶς: 'everyone clean')→ participant prominenceκαθαρός: 'clean / pure'; renders טָהוֹר; the antonym of ἀκάθαρτος; only the ritually clean may share the offering.
φάγεταιshall eatFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐσθίωmain verb (permissive future)→ permissive future (allowed consumption)ἐσθίω: see v. 6; the future grants the clean person permission to eat.
κρέαfleshAccusativedirect object of φάγεται→ object specificationκρέας: see v. 15; the (uncontaminated) sacrificial meat.
20

ἡ δὲ ψυχή ἥτις ἐὰν φάγῃ ἀπὸ τῶν κρεῶν τῆς θυσίας τοῦ σωτηρίου ὅ ἐστιν κυρίου καὶ ἡ ἀκαθαρσία αὐτοῦ ἐπ᾿ αὐτοῦ ἀπολεῖται ἡ ψυχὴ ἐκείνη ἐκ τοῦ λαοῦ αὐτῆς

But the soul that eats of the flesh of the deliverance-sacrifice, which is the LORD's, while his uncleanness is upon him — that soul shall be cut off from its people.

Karet sanction: eating the holy flesh while uncleanἡ δὲ ψυχή ἥτις
The penalty-clause: a person who eats the peace-offering flesh — which belongs to the LORD (ὅ ἐστιν κυρίου) — while in a state of uncleanness shall be 'cut off from his people' (ἀπολεῖται … ἐκ τοῦ λαοῦ αὐτῆς), the LXX rendering of the karet formula (וְנִכְרְתָה). The casus pendens ἡ ψυχή … is resumed by ἡ ψυχὴ ἐκείνη.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
ἡtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutadversative particle (post-positive)→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: contrasts the unclean eater with the clean person of v. 19.
ψυχήsoul / personNominativecasus pendens subject (resumed by ἡ ψυχὴ ἐκείνη)→ participant prominenceψυχή: see v. 18.
ἥτιςwhoeverNominativerelative pronoun (subject of φάγῃ)→ participant referenceὅστις: see v. 18.
ἐὰνif (-ever)conditional particle (generalizing with the relative)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: see v. 18.
φάγῃeatsAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἐσθίωverb of relative-conditional clause (subjunctive)→ aorist subjunctive (the offense)ἐσθίω: see v. 6.
ἀπὸof / frompreposition + genitive (partitive)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (partitive).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρεῶνfleshGenitivepartitive genitive→ relational specificationκρέας: see v. 15.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίαςsacrificeGenitivegenitive (the offering)→ relational specificationθυσία: see v. 9.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σωτηρίουdeliverance-offeringGenitiveattributive genitive→ relational specificationσωτήριον: see v. 11.
ὅwhichNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἐστιν; referring to the offering)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; the neuter ὅ agrees ad sensum with the offering, 'which (offering) is the LORD's.'
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula (predicating ownership)→ gnomic present (standing ownership)εἰμί: 'be'; with the possessive genitive κυρίου, 'which belongs to the LORD' — the flesh is holy property, hence the gravity of eating it while unclean.
κυρίουthe LORD'sGenitivegenitive of possession (predicate)→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the possessive genitive marks the peace-offering portion as the LORD's holy property.
καὶwhile / andcircumstantial καί ('and (yet) his uncleanness …' = while unclean)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here introduces an attendant-circumstance clause, a Hebraizing parataxis = 'while his uncleanness is upon him.'
ἡtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀκαθαρσίαuncleannessNominativesubject of the circumstantial clause→ participant prominenceἀκαθαρσία: 'uncleanness / impurity'; abstract noun rendering טֻמְאָה; the eater's own ritual impurity is the aggravating condition.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (the eater's uncleanness)→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his' = the eater's.
ἐπ᾿uponpreposition + genitive ('upon him')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + genitive: 'upon'; the uncleanness rests on the person; a Hebraism (עָלָיו) for an unresolved state of impurity.
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'him' = the eater; the uncleanness is still upon him, i.e. unatoned.
ἀπολεῖταιshall be cut off / perishFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἀπόλλυμιmain verb of the apodosis (karet sanction)→ declaratory future (the karet penalty)ἀπόλλυμι (mid. ἀπολοῦμαι): 'perish / be destroyed / be cut off'; renders the karet verb כָּרַת (Niphal וְנִכְרְתָה); ἀπολεῖται … ἐκ τοῦ λαοῦ αὐτῆς is the LXX's standard rendering of 'shall be cut off from his people' — exclusion from the covenant community, whether by divine death or expulsion (cf. vv. 21, 25, 27).
ἡtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχὴsoul / personNominativesubject (resuming the casus pendens)→ participant prominenceψυχή: see v. 18; ἡ ψυχὴ ἐκείνη ('that soul') resumes the fronted ψυχή.
ἐκείνηthatNominativedemonstrative adjective (modifying ψυχή)→ participant prominenceἐκεῖνος: 'that'; the demonstrative singles out the offending person as the subject of the karet.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (separation: 'from her people')→ spatial or relational framingἐκ + genitive: 'out of / from'; marks the removal from the people.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleGenitivegenitive of separation (object of ἐκ)→ relational specificationλαός: 'people'; renders עַם; the covenant community from which the offender is cut off.
αὐτῆςher / itsGenitivegenitive of possession (agreeing with ψυχή, fem.)→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'her/its' — the feminine pronoun agrees grammatically with ψυχή; 'its (own) people.'
21

καὶ ψυχή ἣ ἂν ἅψηται παντὸς πράγματος ἀκαθάρτου ἢ ἀπὸ ἀκαθαρσίας ἀνθρώπου ἢ τῶν τετραπόδων τῶν ἀκαθάρτων ἢ παντὸς βδελύγματος ἀκαθάρτου καὶ φάγῃ ἀπὸ τῶν κρεῶν τῆς θυσίας τοῦ σωτηρίου ὅ ἐστιν κυρίου ἀπολεῖται ἡ ψυχὴ ἐκείνη ἐκ τοῦ λαοῦ αὐτῆς

And the soul that touches any unclean thing — whether human uncleanness, or unclean quadrupeds, or any unclean abomination — and then eats of the flesh of the deliverance-sacrifice, which is the LORD's, that soul shall be cut off from its people.

Karet sanction extended: contact-uncleanness before eatingκαὶ ψυχή ἣ ἂν ἅψηται
A second karet-clause parallel to v. 20, now itemizing the sources of contracted uncleanness: human impurity, unclean animals, and any unclean βδέλυγμα ('abomination'). The threefold ἤ enumerates the defiling agents; eating the LORD's holy flesh in such a state again incurs being 'cut off.' The repeated ὅ ἐστιν κυρίου grounds the penalty in the offering's holiness.
Word-by-word analysis· 41 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ψυχήsoul / personNominativecasus pendens subject (resumed by ἡ ψυχὴ ἐκείνη)→ participant prominenceψυχή: see v. 18.
ἣwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἅψηται)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun (fem.) agreeing with ψυχή; with ἄν + subjunctive, generalizing.
ἂν-evermodal particle (with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἄν: generalizing particle.
ἅψηταιtouchesAor Mid Subj 3 Sg · ἅπτωverb of relative clause (subjunctive)→ aorist subjunctive (contracting contact)ἅπτομαι: see v. 19; + genitive of the thing touched.
παντὸςanyGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying πράγματος)→ relational specificationπᾶς: 'any / every.'
πράγματοςthing / matterGenitivegenitive object of ἅψηται→ relational specificationπρᾶγμα: 'thing / matter / object'; renders דָּבָר; here any unclean object whatsoever.
ἀκαθάρτουuncleanGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying πράγματος)→ relational specificationἀκάθαρτος: see v. 19.
ἢordisjunctive conjunction (first of three)→ discourse linkage or contrastἤ: 'or'; introduces the first specified source of uncleanness.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source of uncleanness)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source of uncleanness).
ἀκαθαρσίαςuncleannessGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό→ relational specificationἀκαθαρσία: see v. 20; here human bodily impurity (e.g. discharges, contact with the dead).
ἀνθρώπουof a personGenitivegenitive (defining: 'human uncleanness')→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: see v. 8; 'human uncleanness' = impurity originating from a person.
ἢordisjunctive conjunction (second)→ discourse linkage or contrastἤ: introduces the second source.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τετραπόδωνquadrupedsGenitivegenitive (source of uncleanness: unclean animals)→ relational specificationτετράπους: 'four-footed (animal) / quadruped'; renders בְּהֵמָה; the unclean beasts catalogued in ch. 11.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀκαθάρτωνuncleanGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying τετραπόδων)→ relational specificationἀκάθαρτος: see v. 19.
ἢordisjunctive conjunction (third)→ discourse linkage or contrastἤ: introduces the third source.
παντὸςanyGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying βδελύγματος)→ relational specificationπᾶς: 'any.'
βδελύγματοςabominationGenitivegenitive (source of uncleanness)→ relational specificationβδέλυγμα: 'abomination / detestable thing'; renders שֶׁקֶץ / תּוֹעֵבָה; a strong term for ritually loathsome creatures or objects (cf. 11:10–13); the eater's contact with any such thing defiles him.
ἀκαθάρτουuncleanGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying βδελύγματος)→ relational specificationἀκάθαρτος: see v. 19.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining the second condition: 'and eats')→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: links the contact-condition to the eating-condition; both must coincide for the karet.
φάγῃeatsAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἐσθίωsecond verb of the protasis (subjunctive)→ aorist subjunctive (the offense)ἐσθίω: see v. 6.
ἀπὸof / frompreposition + genitive (partitive)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (partitive).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρεῶνfleshGenitivepartitive genitive→ relational specificationκρέας: see v. 15.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίαςsacrificeGenitivegenitive (the offering)→ relational specificationθυσία: see v. 9.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σωτηρίουdeliverance-offeringGenitiveattributive genitive→ relational specificationσωτήριον: see v. 11.
ὅwhichNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἐστιν)→ participant referenceὅς: see v. 20.
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula (predicating ownership)→ gnomic present (standing ownership)εἰμί: see v. 20; 'which is the LORD's.'
κυρίουthe LORD'sGenitivegenitive of possession (predicate)→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the offering belongs to YHWH (cf. v. 20).
ἀπολεῖταιshall be cut offFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἀπόλλυμιmain verb of the apodosis (karet)→ declaratory future (karet penalty)ἀπόλλυμι: see v. 20.
ἡtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχὴsoul / personNominativesubject (resuming the casus pendens)→ participant prominenceψυχή: see v. 18.
ἐκείνηthatNominativedemonstrative adjective (modifying ψυχή)→ participant prominenceἐκεῖνος: see v. 20.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (separation)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ + genitive: see v. 20.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleGenitivegenitive of separation (object of ἐκ)→ relational specificationλαός: see v. 20.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession (agreeing with ψυχή)→ relational specificationαὐτός: see v. 20.
22

καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν λέγων

And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,

New divine speech-formula (opening the fat-and-blood prohibition)καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος
The standard LXX speech-formula καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν λέγων ('and the LORD spoke to Moses, saying') marks a fresh divine address, demarcating the fat-and-blood prohibition (vv. 23–27) as a distinct legislative unit within the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (introducing speech-formula)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (speech-introducing formula)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λαλέω: 'speak'; renders דִּבֶּר; καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν λέγων is the recurring formula introducing divine legislation in Leviticus (cf. 1:1; 4:1; 6:1).
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the divine speaker.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ΜωυσῆνMosesAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (recipient of speech)→ object specificationΜωυσῆς: transliteration of Hebrew מֹשֶׁה; declined as a first/third-declension noun in Rahlfs' LXX (acc. Μωυσῆν); the mediator of the law.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · λέγωparticiple of speech (introducing direct discourse)→ circumstantial present participle (Hebraistic 'saying')λέγω: the participle λέγων calques Hebrew לֵאמֹר, the formulaic marker that introduces the content of divine speech.
23

λάλησον τοῖς υἱοῖς Ισραηλ λέγων πᾶν στέαρ βοῶν καὶ προβάτων καὶ αἰγῶν οὐκ ἔδεσθε

Speak to the sons of Israel, saying: 'You shall eat no fat of oxen or sheep or goats.'

Prohibition: no eating of sacrificial-animal fatλάλησον τοῖς υἱοῖς Ισραηλ
The first prohibition of the unit (the crux of vv. 22–27): all fat of the three sacrificial species — ox, sheep, goat — is forbidden for human consumption (οὐκ ἔδεσθε). Because στέαρ belongs to the LORD on the altar (vv. 3–5), eating it usurps the divine portion; the rule ties back to 3:17 and forward to 17:10–14.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
λάλησονspeakAor Act Impv 2 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (divine imperative to Moses)→ ingressive aorist imperative (commissioned proclamation)λαλέω: see v. 22; the aorist imperative commissions Moses to deliver the prohibition to Israel.
τοῖςto theDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativeindirect object (addressees)→ sphere or referenceυἱός: see v. 10; οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ ('the sons of Israel') = the people as a whole, the addressees of the dietary law.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliteration of Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל; indeclinable in the LXX; here possessive genitive, 'the sons of Israel.'
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · λέγωparticiple of speech (introducing the quotation)→ circumstantial present participle (Hebraistic 'saying')λέγω: see v. 22; introduces the words Moses is to speak.
πᾶνany / allAccusativeadjective (modifying στέαρ: 'any fat')→ object specificationπᾶς: with the negative οὐκ … ἔδεσθε, the construction πᾶν … οὐκ ('all … not') is a Hebraism for 'no fat at all' (כָּל … לֹא).
στέαρfatAccusativedirect object of ἔδεσθε→ object specificationστέαρ: see v. 3; the suet of the sacrificial animals, the LORD's portion, here forbidden as food.
βοῶνof oxenGenitivegenitive of source (the animal yielding the fat)→ relational specificationβοῦς: 'ox / cattle'; renders שׁוֹר / בָּקָר; the first of the three sacrificial species.
καὶand / orcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προβάτωνof sheepGenitivegenitive of source→ relational specificationπρόβατον: 'sheep'; renders כֶּשֶׂב / צֹאן; the second species.
καὶand / orcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἰγῶνof goatsGenitivegenitive of source→ relational specificationαἴξ: 'goat'; renders עֵז; the third species; the trio ox/sheep/goat comprises the lawful sacrificial animals whose fat is reserved to God.
οὐκnotnegative particle (with future: prohibition)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ(κ): the negative with the future indicative forms a categorical prohibition ('you shall not eat').
ἔδεσθεyou shall eatFut Mid Indic 2 Pl · ἐσθίωmain verb (prohibitive future)→ prohibitive future (categorical dietary ban)ἐσθίω (fut. mid. 2 pl. ἔδεσθε): see v. 6; the future indicative with οὐκ has the force of an absolute prohibition; renders לֹא תֹאכֵלוּ.
24

καὶ στέαρ θνησιμαίων καὶ θηριάλωτον ποιηθήσεται εἰς πᾶν ἔργον καὶ εἰς βρῶσιν οὐ βρωθήσεται

And the fat of carcasses and of an animal torn by beasts may be used for any work, but for food it shall not be eaten.

Qualification: non-sacrificial fat may be used but not eatenκαὶ στέαρ θνησιμαίων
A concession distinguishing use from consumption: the fat of an animal that died naturally (θνησίμαιον) or was torn by beasts (θηριάλωτον) may be put to any practical use (εἰς πᾶν ἔργον) — but eating it (εἰς βρῶσιν) remains forbidden. The verse extends the fat-ban beyond the sacrificial context to all such fat as food.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
στέαρfatNominativesubject (casus pendens, picked up by the two predicates)→ participant prominenceστέαρ: see v. 3; here the fat of unsacrificed dead animals.
θνησιμαίωνof carcassesGenitivegenitive of source (animals that died of themselves)→ relational specificationθνησιμαῖον: 'carcass / animal that died naturally'; renders נְבֵלָה; an animal not slaughtered, hence ritually unclean (cf. 11:39; 17:15).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θηριάλωτονtorn by beastsNominativesubstantival adjective (in apposition/coordination with στέαρ-source)→ participant prominenceθηριάλωτος: 'caught/killed by wild beasts, torn'; renders טְרֵפָה; an animal mauled by predators, likewise ritually unfit (cf. Exod 22:31).
ποιηθήσεταιit may be used / madeFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (permissive future passive)→ permissive future (allowed non-food use)ποιέω: see v. 9; here 'be made into / put to use'; the fat may serve any practical (non-edible) purpose.
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (purpose: 'for any work')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς + accusative: of purpose, 'for.'
πᾶνany / everyAccusativeadjective (modifying ἔργον)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'any / every'; here positive, 'for any work' (in contrast to the negated πᾶν of v. 23).
ἔργονwork / useAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (purpose)→ object specificationἔργον: 'work / task / use'; renders מְלָאכָה; any practical employment of the fat (e.g. tallow), as opposed to eating it.
καὶbut / andcoordinate conjunction (here adversative: 'but')→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here contrastive, setting use against consumption.
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (purpose: 'for food')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (purpose: 'for food').
βρῶσινfood / eatingAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (purpose)→ object specificationβρῶσις: 'eating / food'; renders אָכְלָה / מַאֲכָל; cognate with βιβρώσκω; the forbidden use — as nourishment.
οὐnotnegative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: prohibitive with the future.
βρωθήσεταιit shall be eatenFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · βιβρώσκωmain verb (prohibitive future passive)→ prohibitive future (forbidden as food)βιβρώσκω: see v. 15; negated — such fat must not be eaten, though it may be otherwise used.
25

πᾶς ὁ ἔσθων στέαρ ἀπὸ τῶν κτηνῶν ὧν προσάξει αὐτῶν κάρπωμα κυρίῳ ἀπολεῖται ἡ ψυχὴ ἐκείνη ἀπὸ τοῦ λαοῦ αὐτῆς

Everyone who eats fat from the animals of which one offers a burnt-portion to the LORD — that soul shall be cut off from its people.

Karet sanction: eating the fat of a sacrificial animalπᾶς ὁ ἔσθων στέαρ
The fat-prohibition now carries the karet penalty. The articular participle πᾶς ὁ ἔσθων ('everyone who eats') is the casus pendens, resolved by ἀπολεῖται ἡ ψυχὴ ἐκείνη. Because the fat of sacrificial animals (κάρπωμα κυρίῳ) is the LORD's portion (vv. 3–5), eating it is sacrilege punishable by being 'cut off.'
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubstantival adjective (casus pendens subject)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'everyone'; with the articular participle, 'everyone who eats.'
ὁthe (one)Nominativearticle (substantival participle)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔσθωνeatingPres Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · ἐσθίωsubstantival participle (subject: 'the one who eats')→ descriptive present participle (the offender)ἐσθίω: see v. 6; the present participle ὁ ἔσθων describes the habitual/characteristic offender.
στέαρfatAccusativedirect object of ἔσθων→ object specificationστέαρ: see v. 3.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source: 'from the animals')→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source: 'from the animals').
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κτηνῶνanimals / cattleGenitivegenitive of source (object of ἀπό)→ relational specificationκτῆνος: 'beast / domestic animal'; renders בְּהֵמָה; here the sacrificial livestock.
ὧνof whichGenitiverelative pronoun (genitive, antecedent κτηνῶν)→ relational specificationὅς: relative pronoun; genitive by attraction / partitive, 'of which (animals) one offers.'
προσάξειone offersFut Act Indic 3 Sg · προσάγωverb of relative clause (gnomic/legislative future)→ gnomic future (customary offering)προσάγω: see v. 8; the future of customary practice, 'of which one (regularly) offers a burnt-portion.'
αὐτῶνof themGenitiveresumptive/partitive genitive (Hebraizing pleonastic pronoun)→ relational specificationαὐτός: the genitive αὐτῶν redundantly resumes ὧν, a Hebraism (the pleonastic resumptive pronoun in a relative clause, calquing אֲשֶׁר … מֵהֶם).
κάρπωμαburnt-portionAccusativedirect object of προσάξει→ object specificationκάρπωμα: see v. 5; the fire-offering; the fat of any animal offered as a κάρπωμα is the LORD's, hence forbidden to eat.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of advantage (recipient)→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the offering is made to YHWH, whose portion the fat is.
ἀπολεῖταιshall be cut offFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἀπόλλυμιmain verb of the apodosis (karet)→ declaratory future (karet penalty)ἀπόλλυμι: see v. 20.
ἡtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχὴsoul / personNominativesubject (resuming the casus pendens)→ participant prominenceψυχή: see v. 18.
ἐκείνηthatNominativedemonstrative adjective (modifying ψυχή)→ participant prominenceἐκεῖνος: see v. 20.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (separation)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό + genitive: here equivalent to ἐκ in the karet formula, 'from among'; cf. vv. 20–21 (ἐκ τοῦ λαοῦ).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleGenitivegenitive of separation (object of ἀπό)→ relational specificationλαός: see v. 20.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession (agreeing with ψυχή)→ relational specificationαὐτός: see v. 20.
26

πᾶν αἷμα οὐκ ἔδεσθε ἐν πάσῃ τῇ κατοικίᾳ ὑμῶν ἀπό τε τῶν πετεινῶν καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν κτηνῶν

You shall eat no blood at all, in all your dwellings, neither of birds nor of cattle.

Prohibition: no eating of blood (the second crux)πᾶν αἷμα οὐκ ἔδεσθε
Parallel in form to the fat-ban of v. 23 (πᾶν … οὐκ ἔδεσθε), this is the categorical blood-prohibition. Its scope is total — ἐν πάσῃ τῇ κατοικίᾳ ὑμῶν ('in all your dwellings'), not merely at the sanctuary — and covers both birds and beasts. The rationale (blood = life, atonement) is spelled out at 17:11; the rule undergirds the apostolic decree (Acts 15:20, 29).
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
πᾶνany / allAccusativeadjective (modifying αἷμα: 'any blood')→ object specificationπᾶς: with οὐκ ἔδεσθε, the πᾶν … οὐκ construction = 'no blood whatever' (Hebraism, כָּל … לֹא).
αἷμαbloodAccusativedirect object of ἔδεσθε→ object specificationαἷμα: see v. 2; here the object of the dietary prohibition; blood, as the carrier of life, belongs to God (17:11, 14).
οὐκnotnegative particle (with future: prohibition)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ(κ): see v. 23.
ἔδεσθεyou shall eatFut Mid Indic 2 Pl · ἐσθίωmain verb (prohibitive future)→ prohibitive future (categorical blood-ban)ἐσθίω: see vv. 6, 23; renders לֹא תֹאכֵלוּ; the absolute prohibition of consuming blood.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative: 'in all your dwellings')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative: 'in all your dwellings').
πάσῃallDativeadjective (modifying κατοικίᾳ)→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: 'all / every'; stresses that the ban applies everywhere, not just at the sanctuary.
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικίᾳdwelling / habitationDativedative of place (locative)→ sphere or referenceκατοικία: 'dwelling-place / settlement'; renders מוֹשָׁב; the phrase ἐν πάσῃ τῇ κατοικίᾳ ὑμῶν ('in all your dwellings') universalizes the law to all Israel's habitations (cf. 3:17; 23:14).
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession (2nd person plural)→ relational specificationσύ (gen. pl. ὑμῶν): 'your'; addresses all Israel.
ἀπόof / frompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: meaning 'of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τεbothcorrelative particle (τε … καί: 'both … and')→ discourse linkage or contrastτε: enclitic correlative; with the following καί it coordinates the two sources, 'both of birds and of cattle.'
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πετεινῶνbirdsGenitivegenitive of source (object of ἀπό)→ relational specificationπετεινόν: 'bird / winged creature'; renders עוֹף; one of the two categories whose blood is forbidden.
καὶandcorrelative conjunction (with τε)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸof / frompreposition + genitive (second source)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (second source).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κτηνῶνcattle / beastsGenitivegenitive of source (object of ἀπό)→ relational specificationκτῆνος: see v. 25; the second category — domestic beasts.
27

πᾶσα ψυχή ἣ ἄν φάγῃ αἷμα ἀπολεῖται ἡ ψυχὴ ἐκείνη ἀπὸ τοῦ λαοῦ αὐτῆς

Every soul that eats any blood — that soul shall be cut off from its people.

Karet sanction: eating bloodπᾶσα ψυχή ἣ ἄν φάγῃ αἷμα
The blood-prohibition, like the fat-prohibition (v. 25), is enforced by karet. The casus pendens πᾶσα ψυχή … is resumed by ἡ ψυχὴ ἐκείνη; the penalty (ἀπολεῖται … ἀπὸ τοῦ λαοῦ αὐτῆς) is identical to vv. 20–21, 25. This is the basal formulation later restated and amplified at 17:10–14.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
πᾶσαeveryNominativeadjective (modifying ψυχή: 'every soul')→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'every'; universalizes the sanction to anyone who eats blood.
ψυχήsoul / personNominativecasus pendens subject (resumed by ἡ ψυχὴ ἐκείνη)→ participant prominenceψυχή: see v. 18.
ἣwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject of φάγῃ)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun (fem.) agreeing with ψυχή; with ἄν + subjunctive, generalizing.
ἄν-evermodal particle (with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἄν: generalizing particle.
φάγῃeatsAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἐσθίωverb of relative clause (subjunctive)→ aorist subjunctive (the offense)ἐσθίω: see v. 6.
αἷμαbloodAccusativedirect object of φάγῃ→ object specificationαἷμα: see v. 2.
ἀπολεῖταιshall be cut offFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἀπόλλυμιmain verb of the apodosis (karet)→ declaratory future (karet penalty)ἀπόλλυμι: see v. 20.
ἡtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχὴsoul / personNominativesubject (resuming the casus pendens)→ participant prominenceψυχή: see v. 18.
ἐκείνηthatNominativedemonstrative adjective (modifying ψυχή)→ participant prominenceἐκεῖνος: see v. 20.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (separation)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό + genitive: see v. 25.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleGenitivegenitive of separation (object of ἀπό)→ relational specificationλαός: see v. 20.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession (agreeing with ψυχή)→ relational specificationαὐτός: see v. 20.
28

καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν λέγων

And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,

New divine speech-formula (opening the wave-breast/heave-thigh law)καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος
A fresh speech-formula (identical to v. 22) demarcates the final legislative unit of the chapter (vv. 29–34): the law assigning the wave-breast and heave-thigh to the priests as their perpetual portion.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (introducing speech-formula)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (speech-introducing formula)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λαλέω: see v. 22.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ΜωυσῆνMosesAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (recipient)→ object specificationΜωυσῆς: see v. 22.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · λέγωparticiple of speech (introducing direct discourse)→ circumstantial present participle (Hebraistic 'saying')λέγω: see v. 22.
29

καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς Ισραηλ λαλήσεις λέγων ὁ προσφέρων θυσίαν σωτηρίου κυρίῳ οἴσει τὸ δῶρον αὐτοῦ κυρίῳ ἀπὸ τῆς θυσίας τοῦ σωτηρίου

And to the sons of Israel you shall speak, saying: 'The one who offers a sacrifice of deliverance to the LORD shall bring his gift to the LORD from the deliverance-sacrifice.'

Commission + instruction: the worshipper brings his own giftκαὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς Ισραηλ λαλήσεις
Moses is again commissioned (λαλήσεις … λέγων) to instruct Israel. The articular participle ὁ προσφέρων ('the one who offers') frames the rule: the worshipper presenting a peace offering must himself bring his gift to the LORD from that offering — emphasizing the offerer's personal participation, developed in v. 30 (αἱ χεῖρες αὐτοῦ).
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςto theDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativeindirect object (addressees)→ sphere or referenceυἱός: see v. 10; 'the sons of Israel.'
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: see v. 23.
λαλήσειςyou shall speakFut Act Indic 2 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (legislative future as command to Moses)→ legislative/imperatival future (commission)λαλέω: see v. 22; the future indicative here carries imperatival force ('you shall speak'), a variant of the aorist imperative λάλησον (v. 23).
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · λέγωparticiple of speech (introducing the quotation)→ circumstantial present participle (Hebraistic 'saying')λέγω: see v. 22.
ὁthe (one)Nominativearticle (substantival participle)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσφέρωνthe one offeringPres Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · προσφέρωsubstantival participle (subject: 'the one who offers')→ descriptive present participle (the worshipper)προσφέρω: see v. 3; ὁ προσφέρων designates the lay worshipper presenting the peace offering.
θυσίανsacrificeAccusativedirect object of προσφέρων→ object specificationθυσία: see v. 9.
σωτηρίουof deliveranceGenitiveattributive genitive (defining the sacrifice)→ relational specificationσωτήριον: see v. 11.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of advantage (recipient of the offering)→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה.
οἴσειshall bringFut Act Indic 3 Sg · φέρωmain verb of the quoted rule (legislative future)→ legislative future (prescribed bringing)φέρω (fut. οἴσει): 'bring / carry'; the suppletive future of φέρω; renders הֵבִיא; the worshipper must personally bring his gift.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δῶρονgiftAccusativedirect object of οἴσει→ object specificationδῶρον: see v. 13; the portion the worshipper brings.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his.'
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of advantage (recipient)→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the repeated κυρίῳ underscores that the gift is dedicated to YHWH.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source: 'from the sacrifice')→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source: 'from the sacrifice').
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίαςsacrificeGenitivegenitive of source (object of ἀπό)→ relational specificationθυσία: see v. 9.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σωτηρίουdeliverance-offeringGenitiveattributive genitive→ relational specificationσωτήριον: see v. 11.
30

αἱ χεῖρες αὐτοῦ προσοίσουσιν τὰ καρπώματα κυρίῳ τὸ στέαρ τὸ ἐπὶ τοῦ στηθυνίου καὶ τὸν λοβὸν τοῦ ἥπατος προσοίσει αὐτὰ ὥστε ἐπιθεῖναι δόμα ἔναντι κυρίου

His own hands shall bring the burnt-portions to the LORD: the fat that is upon the breast and the lobe of the liver he shall bring, so as to set them as an offering before the LORD.

Procedure: the worshipper's own hands present the fat and breastαἱ χεῖρες αὐτοῦ προσοίσουσιν
The worshipper's personal involvement is stressed: αἱ χεῖρες αὐτοῦ ('his own hands') bring the fat-portions. The purpose-clause ὥστε ἐπιθεῖναι δόμα ('so as to present an offering') introduces the technical 'elevation/wave' rite (cf. the cognate ἐπίθεμα, v. 34); δόμα ('gift, presentation') names the dedicated portion lifted before the LORD.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
αἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖρεςhandsNominativesubject of προσοίσουσιν→ participant prominenceχείρ: 'hand'; renders יָד; αἱ χεῖρες αὐτοῦ ('his own hands') stresses that the worshipper himself, not a deputy, presents the offering — a Hebraism for personal agency (cf. the elevation-rite of Exod 29:24).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his' = the worshipper's.
προσοίσουσινshall bringFut Act Indic 3 Pl · προσφέρωmain verb (legislative future)→ legislative future (prescribed presentation)προσφέρω: see v. 3; the plural agrees with αἱ χεῖρες.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρπώματαburnt-portionsAccusativedirect object of προσοίσουσιν→ object specificationκάρπωμα: see v. 5; the plural denotes the several fire-portions (fat, breast, liver-lobe) presented to the LORD.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of advantage (recipient)→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στέαρfatAccusativedirect object (in apposition, specifying the καρπώματα)→ object specificationστέαρ: see v. 3; here the fat upon the breast, the LORD's altar-portion.
τὸthe (which)Accusativearticle (attributive prepositional phrase)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (location of the fat)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (location of the fat).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στηθυνίουbreastGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί→ relational specificationστηθύνιον: 'breast / brisket'; renders חָזֶה; the breast of the peace offering, which becomes the priests' wave-portion (vv. 31, 34); here the fat lying upon it is presented for the altar.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λοβὸνlobeAccusativedirect object (coordinate with στέαρ)→ object specificationλοβός: see v. 4; the liver-lobe, another altar-portion.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἥπατοςliverGenitivegenitive (the organ from which the lobe comes)→ relational specificationἧπαρ: see v. 4.
προσοίσειhe shall bringFut Act Indic 3 Sg · προσφέρωmain verb (legislative future, resumptive)→ legislative future (prescribed presentation)προσφέρω: see v. 3; the singular resumes the worshipper as subject ('he shall bring them').
αὐτὰthemAccusativedirect object (the fat and lobe)→ participant referenceαὐτός: neuter plural resuming the listed portions.
ὥστεso as toconjunction + infinitive (purpose/result)→ discourse linkage or contrastὥστε: 'so that / so as to'; with the infinitive ἐπιθεῖναι expresses the purpose of the presentation — the elevation-rite.
ἐπιθεῖναιto set / present (as an elevation)Aor Act Inf · ἐπιτίθημιinfinitive of purpose (with ὥστε)→ aorist infinitive (the act of presentation/elevation)ἐπιτίθημι: 'set upon / place'; here the technical act of 'presenting/elevating' the portion before the LORD (the תְּנוּפָה, 'wave-offering'); cognate with ἐπίθεμα ('the elevation-portion', v. 34).
δόμαgift / offeringAccusativedirect object of ἐπιθεῖναι (predicate: 'as a gift')→ object specificationδόμα: 'gift / present'; renders the offering 'set' or 'waved' before YHWH; the portion thus dedicated.
ἔναντιbeforepreposition + genitive (in the LORD's presence)→ spatial or relational framingἔναντι: see v. 2.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἔναντι→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the elevation is performed in the divine presence.
31

καὶ ἀνοίσει ὁ ἱερεὺς τὸ στέαρ ἐπὶ τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου καὶ ἔσται τὸ στηθύνιον Ααρων καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς αὐτοῦ

And the priest shall offer the fat up upon the altar; and the breast shall belong to Aaron and to his sons.

Division: fat burned, breast to the priestsκαὶ ἀνοίσει ὁ ἱερεὺς
The division of the elevated portions: the priest burns the fat on the altar (the LORD's part), while the breast (στηθύνιον) becomes the perquisite of Aaron and his sons. This is the first half of the priestly due; the right thigh follows in v. 32.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνοίσειshall offer upFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναφέρωmain verb (legislative future: burning the fat)→ legislative future (prescribed altar-act)ἀναφέρω: see v. 5; the priest sends the fat up in smoke on the altar.
ὁtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεὺςpriestNominativesubject→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: see v. 5; the officiant who performs the altar-burning.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στέαρfatAccusativedirect object of ἀνοίσει→ object specificationστέαρ: see v. 3; the LORD's portion, burned on the altar.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (location).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστηρίουaltarGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί→ relational specificationθυσιαστήριον: see v. 2.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιshall be / belongFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (possession idiom)→ legislative future (assignment of the breast)εἰμί (fut.): with the dative, 'shall belong to'; assigns the breast to the priests.
τὸtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στηθύνιονbreastNominativesubject of ἔσται→ participant prominenceστηθύνιον: see v. 30; the breast, here assigned to the priesthood as the wave-portion.
Ααρωνto Aarondative of possession (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑαρων: see v. 10; indeclinable; here functioning as a dative of possession, 'shall belong to Aaron.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςto theDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative of possession→ sphere or referenceυἱός: see v. 10; Aaron's sons, the priestly line who share the breast.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (Aaron's sons)→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his' = Aaron's.
32

καὶ τὸν βραχίονα τὸν δεξιὸν δώσετε ἀφαίρεμα τῷ ἱερεῖ ἀπὸ τῶν θυσιῶν τοῦ σωτηρίου ὑμῶν

And the right thigh you shall give as a heave-offering to the priest from your deliverance-sacrifices.

Division: the right thigh as a heave-offering to the priestκαὶ τὸν βραχίονα τὸν δεξιὸν
The second priestly portion: the right thigh (βραχίων ὁ δεξιός) is given as an ἀφαίρεμα ('heave-offering') to the officiating priest. With the breast (v. 31, the 'wave') it forms the standard priestly due from every peace offering; the second-person δώσετε directly addresses the worshippers.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βραχίοναthigh / armAccusativedirect object of δώσετε→ object specificationβραχίων: 'arm / foreleg / thigh'; renders שׁוֹק (the hindleg/thigh); the right thigh is the priest's heave-portion (cf. vv. 33–34); also a metaphor for power elsewhere, but here strictly anatomical.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with attributive adjective)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεξιὸνrightAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying βραχίονα)→ object specificationδεξιός: 'right (hand/side)'; renders יָמִין; the right thigh, the more honorable side, is the priest's special portion.
δώσετεyou shall giveFut Act Indic 2 Pl · δίδωμιmain verb (legislative future, 2nd person address)→ legislative future (prescribed giving)δίδωμι (fut. δώσετε): 'give'; renders תִּתְּנוּ; the second-person plural addresses the Israelite worshippers, who must give the thigh to the priest.
ἀφαίρεμαheave-offering / contributionAccusativepredicate accusative (in apposition: 'as a heave-offering')→ object specificationἀφαίρεμα: see v. 14; the thigh is the 'heave-offering' (תְּרוּמָה) lifted off for the priest.
τῷto theDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῖpriestDativeindirect object (recipient)→ sphere or referenceἱερεύς: see v. 5; the priest who receives the heave-thigh.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source: 'from your sacrifices')→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source: 'from your sacrifices').
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιῶνsacrificesGenitivegenitive of source (object of ἀπό)→ relational specificationθυσία: see v. 9; the plural denotes the worshippers' peace offerings generally.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σωτηρίουdeliverance-offeringGenitiveattributive genitive→ relational specificationσωτήριον: see v. 11.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession (2nd person plural)→ relational specificationσύ (gen. pl. ὑμῶν): 'your'; the offerings belong to the Israelite worshippers.
33

ὁ προσφέρων τὸ αἷμα τοῦ σωτηρίου καὶ τὸ στέαρ ἀπὸ τῶν υἱῶν Ααρων αὐτῷ ἔσται ὁ βραχίων ὁ δεξιὸς ἐν μερίδι

The one among the sons of Aaron who offers the blood of the deliverance-offering and the fat — to him shall belong the right thigh as a portion.

Allocation: the right thigh to the blood-and-fat officiantὁ προσφέρων τὸ αἷμα
Specifies which priest among Aaron's sons receives the right thigh: the one who performs the blood-rite and offers the fat. The casus pendens ὁ προσφέρων … is resumed by αὐτῷ ἔσται; ἐν μερίδι ('as a portion') marks the thigh as his designated share, just as the officiant received the meat of the most-holy offerings (v. 7).
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ὁthe (one)Nominativearticle (substantival participle, casus pendens)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσφέρωνthe one offeringPres Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · προσφέρωsubstantival participle (casus pendens, resumed by αὐτῷ)→ descriptive present participle (the officiating priest)προσφέρω: see v. 3; here the priest who performs the blood-and-fat rite.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἷμαbloodAccusativedirect object of προσφέρων→ object specificationαἷμα: see v. 2; the peace-offering blood dashed on the altar.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σωτηρίουdeliverance-offeringGenitiveattributive genitive→ relational specificationσωτήριον: see v. 11.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στέαρfatAccusativedirect object (coordinate with αἷμα)→ object specificationστέαρ: see v. 3; the fat offered on the altar.
ἀπὸfrom amongpreposition + genitive (partitive: 'among the sons of Aaron')→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: partitive 'from among'; specifies which group the officiant comes from.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivepartitive genitive (object of ἀπό)→ relational specificationυἱός: see v. 10; the priestly sons of Aaron, among whom the officiant is reckoned.
Ααρωνof Aarongenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑαρων: see v. 10.
αὐτῷto himDativedative of possession (resuming ὁ προσφέρων)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: resumptive dative 'to him,' picking up the pendent participle.
ἔσταιshall be / belongFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (possession idiom)→ legislative future (assignment of the thigh)εἰμί (fut.): 'shall belong to him.'
ὁtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βραχίωνthighNominativesubject of ἔσται→ participant prominenceβραχίων: see v. 32; the right thigh, the officiant's portion.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with attributive adjective)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεξιὸςrightNominativeattributive adjective (modifying βραχίων)→ participant prominenceδεξιός: see v. 32.
ἐνas / forpreposition + dative (predicative: 'as a portion')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dative: here predicative/of result ('as'), a Hebraism (בְּ essentiae), 'shall be his as a portion.'
μερίδιportion / shareDativedative object of ἐν (predicative)→ sphere or referenceμερίς: 'portion / share / allotment'; renders מָנָה / חֵלֶק; the thigh is the officiant's allotted share of the offering.
34

τὸ γὰρ στηθύνιον τοῦ ἐπιθέματος καὶ τὸν βραχίονα τοῦ ἀφαιρέματος εἴληφα παρὰ τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ ἀπὸ τῶν θυσιῶν τοῦ σωτηρίου ὑμῶν καὶ ἔδωκα αὐτὰ Ααρων τῷ ἱερεῖ καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς αὐτοῦ νόμιμον αἰώνιον παρὰ τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ

For the breast of the elevation-offering and the thigh of the heave-offering I have taken from the sons of Israel, from your deliverance-sacrifices, and I have given them to Aaron the priest and to his sons, a perpetual statute from the sons of Israel.

Grounding (γάρ): the LORD's own act establishes the priestly portionsτὸ γὰρ στηθύνιον τοῦ ἐπιθέματος
The explanatory γάρ grounds the foregoing allotments in the LORD's own action: the first-person perfects εἴληφα ('I have taken') and aorist ἔδωκα ('I have given') present the priestly portions as YHWH's standing decree. The technical pair στηθύνιον τοῦ ἐπιθέματος ('breast of the wave') and βραχίων τοῦ ἀφαιρέματος ('thigh of the heave') names the two rites; νόμιμον αἰώνιον ('perpetual statute') makes the grant permanent.
Word-by-word analysis· 37 words
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γὰρforexplanatory/causal particle (post-positive)→ discourse linkage or contrastγάρ: 'for'; grounds the preceding rules in the divine act of taking and giving; renders כִּי in its explanatory sense.
στηθύνιονbreastAccusativedirect object of εἴληφα→ object specificationστηθύνιον: see v. 30; here paired with τοῦ ἐπιθέματος as the 'wave-breast.'
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιθέματοςelevation / wave-offeringGenitiveattributive genitive (defining στηθύνιον: 'breast of the wave')→ relational specificationἐπίθεμα: 'that which is set/placed, the elevation-offering'; renders תְּנוּפָה (the 'wave-offering'); cognate with ἐπιτίθημι/ἐπιθεῖναι (v. 30); paired with ἀφαίρεμα as the two priestly-portion rites.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βραχίοναthighAccusativedirect object of εἴληφα (coordinate with στηθύνιον)→ object specificationβραχίων: see v. 32; here the 'heave-thigh.'
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφαιρέματοςheave-offeringGenitiveattributive genitive (defining βραχίονα: 'thigh of the heave')→ relational specificationἀφαίρεμα: see v. 14; here the 'heave' rite (תְּרוּמָה) paired with the 'wave' (ἐπίθεμα); the two together constitute the priests' perpetual due.
εἴληφαI have takenPerf Act Indic 1 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (divine first-person: the act of taking)→ resultative perfect (the abiding result of the divine taking)λαμβάνω (perf. εἴληφα): 'take / receive'; the perfect with its enduring force presents the LORD's appropriation of these portions as a settled, permanent state — they are now and remain his to allot.
παρὰfrompreposition + genitive (source: 'from the sons of Israel')→ spatial or relational framingπαρά + genitive: 'from (the side of)'; marks Israel as the source of the portions.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive object of παρά→ relational specificationυἱός: see v. 10; 'the sons of Israel.'
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: see v. 23.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source: 'from your sacrifices')→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source: 'from your sacrifices').
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιῶνsacrificesGenitivegenitive of source (object of ἀπό)→ relational specificationθυσία: see v. 9.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σωτηρίουdeliverance-offeringGenitiveattributive genitive→ relational specificationσωτήριον: see v. 11.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession (2nd person plural)→ relational specificationσύ (gen. pl. ὑμῶν): 'your'; a shift to direct address within the divine speech.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδωκαI have givenAor Act Indic 1 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (divine first-person: the act of giving)→ constative aorist (the decisive act of granting)δίδωμι: see Exod parallels; renders נָתַתִּי; the LORD's giving of the portions to Aaron's house, complementing εἴληφα ('taken … given').
αὐτὰthemAccusativedirect object of ἔδωκα (the breast and thigh)→ participant referenceαὐτός: neuter plural, the two portions.
Ααρωνto Aarondative of recipient (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑαρων: see v. 10; indeclinable, here dative recipient.
τῷtheDativearticle (in apposition to Ααρων)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῖpriestDativedative in apposition to Ααρων ('Aaron the priest')→ sphere or referenceἱερεύς: see v. 5; the title 'the priest' identifies Aaron as the high priest.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςto theDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative of recipient→ sphere or referenceυἱός: see v. 10; Aaron's sons, co-recipients of the portions.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his' = Aaron's.
νόμιμονstatute / ordinanceAccusativepredicate accusative (in apposition: 'as a statute')→ object specificationνόμιμον: 'statute / lawful due / ordinance'; renders חֹק; the grant of the portions is a binding legal institution.
αἰώνιονperpetual / everlastingAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying νόμιμον)→ object specificationαἰώνιος: 'everlasting / perpetual'; renders עוֹלָם; νόμιμον αἰώνιον ('a perpetual statute') marks the priestly portions as a permanent, trans-generational ordinance (cf. v. 36).
παρὰfrompreposition + genitive (source, restated)→ spatial or relational framingπαρά + genitive: see above; the closing restatement 'from the sons of Israel' frames the portions as Israel's perpetual contribution to the priesthood.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive object of παρά→ relational specificationυἱός: see v. 10.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: see v. 23.
35

αὕτη ἡ χρῖσις Ααρων καὶ ἡ χρῖσις τῶν υἱῶν αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τῶν καρπωμάτων κυρίου ἐν ᾗ ἡμέρᾳ προσηγάγετο αὐτοὺς τοῦ ἱερατεύειν τῷ κυρίῳ

This is the anointing-portion of Aaron and the anointing-portion of his sons, from the burnt-offerings of the LORD, on the day he brought them forward to serve as priests to the LORD,

Naming: the portions as 'the anointing' of the priestsαὕτη ἡ χρῖσις Ααρων
The portions just granted are now named ἡ χρῖσις ('the anointing[-portion]') of Aaron and his sons — their consecrated due from the LORD's fire-offerings, dated to the day of their ordination (the χρ- root linking 'anointing' χρῖσις to the consecration of the priests). The relative clause anchors the perpetual right in the historical act of their being 'brought forward' to the priesthood.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
αὕτηthisNominativedemonstrative subject (predicate-formula)→ participant referenceοὗτος (fem. αὕτη): 'this'; refers back to the portions of vv. 31–34, now summarized as 'the anointing.'
ἡtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρῖσιςanointing-portionNominativepredicate nominative ('this is the anointing')→ participant prominenceχρῖσις: 'anointing'; from χρίω ('anoint'); renders מָשְׁחָה; here metonymically the 'anointing-portion' — the priestly emolument that belongs to Aaron and his sons by virtue of their anointed/consecrated office; the χρ- root recurs from διακεχρισμένα (v. 12).
Ααρωνof Aarongenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑαρων: see v. 10; possessive genitive, 'Aaron's anointing-portion.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρῖσιςanointing-portionNominativepredicate nominative (parallel)→ participant prominenceχρῖσις: see above; repeated for Aaron's sons.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationυἱός: see v. 10.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his' = Aaron's.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source: 'from the burnt-offerings')→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source: 'from the burnt-offerings').
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρπωμάτωνburnt-offeringsGenitivegenitive of source (object of ἀπό)→ relational specificationκάρπωμα: see v. 5; the fire-offerings of the LORD, from which the priestly portion is drawn.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession (the LORD's offerings)→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the offerings belong to YHWH, from whose portion the priests are provided.
ἐνonpreposition + dative (temporal: 'on the day')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (temporal: 'on the day').
ᾗwhichDativerelative pronoun (modifying ἡμέρᾳ)→ participant reference or interestὅς: relative; ἐν ᾗ ἡμέρᾳ = 'on the day on which.'
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: see v. 15; the day of priestly ordination (cf. ch. 8).
προσηγάγετοhe brought forwardAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · προσάγωverb of relative clause (the act of consecration)→ constative aorist (the historical ordination act)προσάγω (aor. mid.): 'bring forward / present'; the middle here of the LORD presenting/installing the priests to himself; renders הִקְרִיב in the sense of inducting into office (cf. Exod 28:1).
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object of προσηγάγετο (Aaron and sons)→ participant referenceαὐτός: 'them' = Aaron and his sons.
τοῦto / for theGenitivearticle (articular infinitive of purpose)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερατεύεινto serve as priestsPres Act Inf · ἱερατεύωarticular infinitive of purpose (τοῦ + inf.: 'in order to serve')→ present infinitive (ongoing priestly service)ἱερατεύω: 'serve as priest / perform priestly office'; denominative of ἱερεύς; renders כִּהֵן (Piel of כהן); the genitive articular infinitive τοῦ ἱερατεύειν expresses the purpose of their being brought forward.
τῷto theDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLORDDativedative (the one served)→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the priests minister to YHWH.
36

καθὰ ἐνετείλατο κύριος δοῦναι αὐτοῖς ᾗ ἡμέρᾳ ἔχρισεν αὐτούς παρὰ τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ νόμιμον αἰώνιον εἰς τὰς γενεὰς αὐτῶν

as the LORD commanded to give to them on the day he anointed them, from the sons of Israel — a perpetual statute throughout their generations.

Grounding: the grant rests on the LORD's command at the anointingκαθὰ ἐνετείλατο κύριος
The comparative καθά ('just as') grounds the priestly portion in the LORD's explicit command, given on the day of anointing (ᾗ ἡμέρᾳ ἔχρισεν αὐτούς — note the χρ- root tying to χρῖσις, v. 35). The closing νόμιμον αἰώνιον εἰς τὰς γενεὰς αὐτῶν ('a perpetual statute throughout their generations') seals the grant as permanent.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καθὰjust as / according ascomparative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθά: 'according as / just as'; renders כַּאֲשֶׁר; grounds the practice in the divine command.
ἐνετείλατοcommandedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιverb of comparative clause (the divine command)→ constative aorist (the act of commanding)ἐντέλλομαι: 'command / enjoin / charge'; renders צִוָּה (Piel of צוה); the standard verb for divine commandment; here the LORD's order to grant the portions.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה.
δοῦναιto giveAor Act Inf · δίδωμιcomplementary infinitive (object of ἐνετείλατο)→ aorist infinitive (the commanded act)δίδωμι (aor. inf.): 'give'; the infinitive completes ἐνετείλατο — 'commanded to give'; renders לָתֵת.
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object of δοῦναι (the priests)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: 'to them' = Aaron and his sons.
ᾗon whichDativerelative pronoun (modifying ἡμέρᾳ; ἐν understood)→ participant reference or interestὅς: relative; ᾗ ἡμέρᾳ ('on the day on which'), with the preposition unexpressed — a Hebraizing dative of time (cf. v. 38).
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: see v. 15; the day of anointing.
ἔχρισενhe anointedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · χρίωverb of relative clause (the anointing act)→ constative aorist (the historical anointing)χρίω: 'anoint'; renders מָשַׁח; the priestly consecration by anointing oil (cf. Exod 28:41; Lev 8:12); cognate with χρῖσις (v. 35) — the 'anointing-portion' derives from the day of anointing.
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object of ἔχρισεν→ participant referenceαὐτός: 'them' = the priests.
παρὰfrompreposition + genitive (source: 'from the sons of Israel')→ spatial or relational framingπαρά + genitive: see v. 34; the portions come from Israel's offerings.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive object of παρά→ relational specificationυἱός: see v. 10.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: see v. 23.
νόμιμονstatuteAccusativepredicate accusative (in apposition: 'a statute')→ object specificationνόμιμον: see v. 34.
αἰώνιονperpetualAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying νόμιμον)→ object specificationαἰώνιος: see v. 34.
εἰςthroughout / forpreposition + accusative (temporal extent: 'throughout the generations')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς + accusative: of temporal extent, 'for / throughout'; εἰς τὰς γενεάς = 'for all generations.'
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γενεὰςgenerationsAccusativeaccusative of extent of time (object of εἰς)→ object specificationγενεά: 'generation'; renders דּוֹר; εἰς τὰς γενεὰς αὐτῶν ('throughout their generations') is a standard formula for perpetual, trans-generational validity (cf. Exod 12:14).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (the priests' generations)→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'their' = the priests' descendants.
37

οὗτος ὁ νόμος τῶν ὁλοκαυτωμάτων καὶ θυσίας καὶ περὶ ἁμαρτίας καὶ τῆς πλημμελείας καὶ τῆς τελειώσεως καὶ τῆς θυσίας τοῦ σωτηρίου

This is the law of the whole-burnt offerings and of the grain-offering and of the sin-offering and of the trespass-offering and of the consecration and of the deliverance-sacrifice,

Colophon (1): summary listing of all the offeringsοὗτος ὁ νόμος τῶν ὁλοκαυτωμάτων
The chapter's concluding colophon reuses the torah-heading formula οὗτος ὁ νόμος (cf. vv. 1, 11) now as a sweeping summary, gathering the six offering-types treated in chs. 1–7: whole-burnt (ὁλοκαύτωμα), grain (θυσία), sin (περὶ ἁμαρτίας), trespass (πλημμέλεια), consecration (τελείωσις), and peace (θυσία σωτηρίου). It rounds off the entire manual of offerings.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
οὗτοςthisNominativedemonstrative subject (summary-formula)→ participant referenceοὗτος: see v. 1; here opening the summarizing colophon.
ὁtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νόμοςlawNominativepredicate nominative→ participant prominenceνόμος: see v. 1; here the comprehensive 'law' covering all the listed offerings.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁλοκαυτωμάτωνwhole-burnt offeringsGenitivegenitive (first offering-type)→ relational specificationὁλοκαύτωμα: see v. 2; the burnt offering (ch. 1), first in the summary list.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θυσίαςgrain-offeringGenitivegenitive (second offering-type)→ relational specificationθυσία: see v. 9; here the cereal/grain offering (ch. 2).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περὶfor / concerningpreposition + genitive (designation of the sin offering)→ spatial or relational framingπερί + genitive: see v. 7; τὸ περὶ ἁμαρτίας = the sin offering (ch. 4).
ἁμαρτίαςsinGenitivegenitive object of περί (third offering-type)→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: see v. 7; the sin offering.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλημμελείαςtrespass-offeringGenitivegenitive (fourth offering-type)→ relational specificationπλημμέλεια: see v. 1; the guilt/trespass offering (chs. 5–7).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τελειώσεωςconsecration / ordinationGenitivegenitive (fifth offering-type)→ relational specificationτελείωσις: 'perfection / completion / consecration'; renders מִלֻּאִים ('ordination/filling [of the hands]'); the consecration offering of the priests (cf. Exod 29; Lev 8); the LXX construes the ordination as a 'perfecting' of the priests.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίαςsacrificeGenitivegenitive (sixth offering-type)→ relational specificationθυσία: see v. 9.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σωτηρίουdeliverance-offeringGenitiveattributive genitive (the peace offering)→ relational specificationσωτήριον: see v. 11; the peace offering (ch. 3), last in the list — the climax of the offering-types and the main subject of ch. 7.
38

ὃν τρόπον ἐνετείλατο κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ ἐν τῷ ὄρει Σινα ᾗ ἡμέρᾳ ἐνετείλατο τοῖς υἱοῖς Ισραηλ προσφέρειν τὰ δῶρα αὐτῶν ἔναντι κυρίου ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ Σινα

in the manner the LORD commanded Moses on Mount Sinai, on the day he commanded the sons of Israel to offer their gifts before the LORD in the wilderness of Sinai.

Colophon (2): the Sinai setting of the whole offering-manualὃν τρόπον ἐνετείλατο κύριος
The colophon's closing clause locates the entire law of offerings at Sinai: given to Moses on the mountain (ἐν τῷ ὄρει Σινα), on the day the LORD commanded Israel to bring their gifts (ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ Σινα). The double 'Sinai' (mount / wilderness) and the repeated ἐνετείλατο frame the offerings as Sinaitic covenant-law, sealing chs. 1–7.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
ὃνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (with τρόπον: adverbial accusative)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; ὃν τρόπον ('in which manner / just as') is a fixed adverbial-accusative idiom rendering כַּאֲשֶׁר.
τρόπονmanner / wayAccusativeadverbial accusative (ὃν τρόπον = 'in the way that')→ object specificationτρόπος: 'manner / way'; the accusative of respect in the idiom ὃν τρόπον, 'just as / in the manner in which.'
ἐνετείλατοcommandedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιverb of comparative clause (the Sinai command)→ constative aorist (the historical commanding)ἐντέλλομαι: see v. 36; the LORD's command to Moses on Sinai.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה.
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜωυσῇMosesDativeindirect object (recipient of the command)→ sphere or referenceΜωυσῆς: see v. 22; dative Μωυσῇ; the mediator to whom the offering-laws are given.
ἐνonpreposition + dative (locative: 'on the mountain')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative: 'on the mountain').
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄρειmountainDativedative of place (locative)→ sphere or referenceὄρος: 'mountain'; renders הַר; Mount Sinai, the locus of the covenant legislation.
ΣιναSinaigenitive of apposition (indeclinable proper noun: 'Mount Sinai')→ participant identificationΣινα: transliteration of Hebrew סִינַי; indeclinable in the LXX; in apposition to ὄρει ('Mount Sinai').
ᾗon whichDativerelative pronoun (modifying ἡμέρᾳ; ἐν understood)→ participant reference or interestὅς: relative; ᾗ ἡμέρᾳ ('on the day on which'), a Hebraizing dative of time (cf. v. 36).
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: see v. 15.
ἐνετείλατοhe commandedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιverb of relative clause (the command to Israel)→ constative aorist (the historical command)ἐντέλλομαι: see v. 36; the repeated verb stresses the divine origin of the offering-laws.
τοῖςtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativeindirect object (those commanded)→ sphere or referenceυἱός: see v. 10; 'the sons of Israel.'
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: see v. 23.
προσφέρεινto offerPres Act Inf · προσφέρωcomplementary infinitive (object of ἐνετείλατο: 'commanded to offer')→ present infinitive (ongoing duty of offering)προσφέρω: see v. 3; the infinitive completes ἐνετείλατο — the content of the command to Israel.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δῶραgiftsAccusativedirect object of προσφέρειν→ object specificationδῶρον: see v. 13; the offerings Israel is commanded to bring.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'their' = Israel's.
ἔναντιbeforepreposition + genitive (in the LORD's presence)→ spatial or relational framingἔναντι: see v. 2.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἔναντι→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the offerings are presented in the divine presence.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative: 'in the wilderness')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative: 'in the wilderness').
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐρήμῳwildernessDativedative of place (locative)→ sphere or referenceἔρημος: 'wilderness / desert'; renders מִדְבָּר; the wilderness of Sinai, the setting of the covenant legislation.
ΣιναSinaigenitive of apposition (indeclinable proper noun: 'wilderness of Sinai')→ participant identificationΣινα: see above; the doubled Σινα (mount / wilderness) frames the entire offering-manual as Sinaitic law.