1
καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν λέγων
And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
The formula καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν λέγων is the standard LXX introduction to a fresh block of YHWH-instruction, recurring as the structural seam throughout Leviticus (cf. 4:1; 5:14; 6:1). Unlike εἶπεν, the verb λαλέω here frames an extended legislative-liturgical address — the ordination command of vv. 2–3.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (Hebraizing καί-parataxis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (speech-introducing formula)→ constative aorist (single completed speech-act introducing extended instruction)λαλέω: 'speak / talk'; renders דִּבֶּר (Piel of דבר); in Leviticus the formula καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν λέγων opens nearly every legislative unit, marking authoritative, commissioned divine address rather than casual speech.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject→ participant prominenceκύριος: the standard LXX rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the nominative subject of the speech-formula marks this as unmediated YHWH-speech, the divine authority behind the whole ordination liturgy that follows.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ΜωυσῆνMosesAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (recipient of speech)→ object specificationΜωυσῆς: transliteration of Hebrew מֹשֶׁה; declined as a first/third-declension hybrid in Rahlfs' LXX (gen. Μωυσῆ, dat. Μωυσῇ, acc. Μωυσῆν); here the accusative directional object of πρός — Moses is the sole human mediator of the ordination command.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Part Nom Sg Masc · λέγωcircumstantial participle (speech-marker introducing direct discourse)→ present participle (concurrent: introducing the words spoken)λέγω (pres. ptcp.): the participle λέγων is a Hebraism rendering לֵאמֹר ('saying'), the infinitive construct that in Hebrew opens quoted speech; in the LXX it becomes a fixed quotative marker appended to verbs of speaking.
2
λαβὲ Ααρων καὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰς στολὰς αὐτοῦ καὶ τὸ ἔλαιον τῆς χρίσεως καὶ τὸν μόσχον τὸν περὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας καὶ τοὺς δύο κριοὺς καὶ τὸ κανοῦν τῶν ἀζύμων
Take Aaron and his sons, and his robes, and the oil of anointing, and the bull-calf for the sin-offering, and the two rams, and the basket of unleavened bread,
The aorist imperative λαβέ heads an inventory of the ordination requisites that matches the prescription of Exod 29:1–3 almost item for item: the persons (Aaron and sons), the vestments, the anointing oil, the sin-offering bull, the two rams, and the basket of unleavened bread. The list is the libretto for the rest of the chapter, each item taken up in turn.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
λαβὲtakeAor Act Impv 2 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (divine imperative to Moses)→ ingressive aorist imperative (decisive single act: take and assemble)λαμβάνω: 'take / receive / fetch'; renders לָקַח; the aorist imperative λαβέ initiates the ordination by gathering all its materials; the same imperative opens the parallel prescription at Exod 29:1.
ΑαρωνAaronaccusative object of λαβέ (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑαρων: transliteration of Hebrew אַהֲרֹן; indeclinable in the LXX (case shown by context and articles of apposition); Aaron is the primary object of the ordination, the first high priest.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὺςsonsAccusativeaccusative object of λαβέ (coordinate with Ααρων)→ object specificationυἱός: 'son'; renders בֵּן; here Aaron's sons (Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, Ithamar, cf. Exod 28:1), who are ordained to the subordinate priesthood alongside their father.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (Aaron's sons)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (Aaron's sons).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στολὰςrobes / vestmentsAccusativeaccusative object of λαβέ→ object specificationστολή: 'robe / vestment / festal garment'; renders בֶּגֶד; the plural στολαί here denotes the full set of priestly vestments detailed in vv. 7–9; στολή in the LXX often connotes garments of honor or office.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (Aaron's vestments)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (Aaron's vestments).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔλαιονoilAccusativeaccusative object of λαβέ→ object specificationἔλαιον: 'olive oil'; renders שֶׁמֶן; the anointing oil (Exod 30:22–33) is a compounded perfumed oil reserved for consecrating priests and sacred objects; its application in vv. 10–12 effects the transfer into holiness.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρίσεωςof anointingGenitivegenitive of purpose/quality ('oil of anointing')→ relational specificationχρῖσις: 'anointing'; cognate with χρίω ('anoint') and χριστός ('anointed one'); renders מִשְׁחָה; the phrase τὸ ἔλαιον τῆς χρίσεως is the technical LXX term for the consecrating oil; the χρι- root underlies the messianic vocabulary of the Greek Bible.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μόσχονbull-calfAccusativeaccusative object of λαβέ→ object specificationμόσχος: 'calf / young bull'; renders פַּר ('bull') here; the sin-offering animal for the priest is a bull (Lev 4:3), the costliest offering, fitting the gravity of consecrating the priesthood.
τὸνthe (one)Accusativearticle (attributive, introducing prepositional modifier)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
περὶfor / concerningpreposition + genitive (purpose: 'for the sin-offering')→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: 'concerning / for'; the phrase τὸ περὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας ('the one for the sin') is the standard LXX designation of the sin-offering, rendering Hebrew חַטָּאת; the preposition expresses the offering's purpose — to deal with sin.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτίαςsinGenitivegenitive object of περί (the sin-offering)→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin / sin-offering'; renders חַטָּאת, which itself denotes both 'sin' and 'sin-offering'; the LXX preserves the double sense — the offering both addresses and, by metonymy, bears the name of sin.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύοtwoAccusativenumeral (indeclinable; modifying κριούς)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; indeclinable cardinal; the two rams are the burnt-offering ram (vv. 18–21) and the ram of consecration (vv. 22–29), distinguished as the chapter unfolds.
κριοὺςramsAccusativeaccusative object of λαβέ→ object specificationκριός: 'ram'; renders אַיִל; the ram is the characteristic ordination animal; the second of the two, the κριὸς τελειώσεως ('ram of consecration', v. 22), carries the central blood-rite of the ordination.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κανοῦνbasketAccusativeaccusative object of λαβέ→ object specificationκανοῦν: 'basket / reed-tray'; renders סַל; the basket holds the unleavened breads (cf. v. 26: loaf, oiled loaf, wafer) used in the consecration wave-rite.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀζύμωνof unleavened breadsGenitivegenitive of content ('basket of the unleavened things')→ relational specificationἄζυμος: 'unleavened'; renders מַצָּה; the substantivized neuter plural τὰ ἄζυμα = 'unleavened breads'; their use signals the holiness and purity required of consecration offerings (leaven being excluded from altar offerings, Lev 2:11).
3
καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν συναγωγὴν ἐκκλησίασον ἐπὶ τὴν θύραν τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου
and assemble all the congregation at the door of the tent of witness.
The second aorist imperative ἐκκλησίασον widens the ordination from the priestly family to the whole community: the investiture is a public, witnessed act. The location ἐπὶ τὴν θύραν τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου ('at the door of the tent of witness') is the liturgical threshold between the holy and the common, recurring as a refrain (vv. 4, 31, 33, 35).
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (linking second imperative)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσανallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying συναγωγήν)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all / whole'; the feminine accusative πᾶσαν agrees with συναγωγήν; the totality stresses that the ordination is witnessed by the entire community, not a private rite.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συναγωγὴνcongregationAccusativedirect object of ἐκκλησίασον→ object specificationσυναγωγή: 'gathering / assembly / congregation'; renders עֵדָה; the standard LXX term for Israel assembled as a cultic and covenantal body; later the word for the institution of the synagogue.
ἐκκλησίασονassembleAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ἐκκλησιάζωmain verb (second divine imperative)→ ingressive aorist imperative (call into assembly)ἐκκλησιάζω: 'summon to assembly / convene'; denominative of ἐκκλησία ('assembly'), rendering Hebrew הִקְהִיל (Hiphil of קהל); the verb shares its root with ἐκκλησία, the NT word for 'church' — here a cultic convocation of all Israel.
ἐπὶat / topreposition + accusative (direction/location of assembly)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'at'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction/location of assembly).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θύρανdoorAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationθύρα: 'door / entrance'; renders פֶּתַח; the door of the tent is the liminal sacred threshold where laity meet the sanctuary; the whole ordination is enacted here, in the sight of the people but at the boundary of the holy.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtentGenitivegenitive of relationship ('door of the tent')→ relational specificationσκηνή: 'tent / tabernacle'; renders אֹהֶל / מִשְׁכָּן; the σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου ('tent of witness/testimony') is the LXX's name for the wilderness sanctuary; the genitive μαρτυρίου renders מוֹעֵד ('meeting') by way of עֵדוּת ('testimony').
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof witnessGenitivegenitive of quality/relationship ('tent of witness')→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: 'testimony / witness'; the LXX standardly renders אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד ('tent of meeting') as σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου, construing מוֹעֵד under the influence of עֵדוּת ('testimony', the tablets within); the phrase recurs throughout the chapter as the liturgical center.
4
καὶ ἐποίησεν Μωυσῆς ὃν τρόπον συνέταξεν αὐτῷ κύριος καὶ ἐξεκκλησίασεν τὴν συναγωγὴν ἐπὶ τὴν θύραν τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου
And Moses did just as the LORD commanded him, and he assembled the congregation at the door of the tent of witness.
The obedience formula ἐποίησεν … ὃν τρόπον συνέταξεν αὐτῷ κύριος ('did just as the LORD commanded him') is the structural signature of Leviticus 8, recurring at vv. 9, 13, 17, 21, 29, 36; it converts each prescriptive command of Exod 29 into completed narrative fact, the dominant theme of the chapter being exact obedience.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενdidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (narrative execution of command)→ constative aorist (completed act of obedience)ποιέω: 'do / make / perform'; renders עָשָׂה; the constative aorist ἐποίησεν heads the obedience formula that recurs throughout the chapter, presenting Moses' compliance as exact and total.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: meaning 'Moses'; it serves as subject.
ὃνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (with τρόπον: 'in the manner which')→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; the phrase ὃν τρόπον ('in which manner / just as') is an adverbial accusative idiom of comparison, rendering Hebrew כַּאֲשֶׁר ('according to what'); it stresses precise conformity to the divine instruction.
τρόπονmanner / wayAccusativeadverbial accusative (with ὃν: 'in the manner which')→ object specificationτρόπος: 'manner / way / mode'; the accusative of respect ὃν τρόπον functions adverbially ('just as'); the construction underlines that Moses replicated the command without deviation.
συνέταξενcommanded / orderedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συντάσσωverb of comparative clause (the standard for obedience)→ constative aorist (the completed command being fulfilled)συντάσσω: 'arrange together / order / command'; renders צִוָּה (Piel of צוה); the συν- compound connotes a fully ordered, systematic directive; the same verb recurs in the obedience refrain (vv. 9, 17, 21, 36).
αὐτῷhimDativedative indirect object (recipient of the command)→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object (recipient of the command).
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of συνέταξεν (the commanding authority)→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; YHWH is the author of the ordination liturgy; the obedience formula grounds the legitimacy of the priesthood in direct divine command.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (sequential)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξεκκλησίασενassembledAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξεκκλησιάζωmain verb (Moses' execution of the assembly-command)→ constative aorist (completed convening of the assembly)ἐξεκκλησιάζω: 'summon out to assembly / convene fully'; the ἐξ- compound of ἐκκλησιάζω (v. 3) intensifies and answers the imperative ἐκκλίσσασον — Moses carries out exactly the command to convene; the verb is rare, found almost exclusively in the LXX.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συναγωγὴνcongregationAccusativedirect object of ἐξεκκλησίασεν→ object specificationσυναγωγή: 'congregation / assembly'; see v. 3; the same body now actually gathered at the tent door as commanded.
ἐπὶat / topreposition + accusative (location of assembly)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'at'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (location of assembly).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θύρανdoorAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationθύρα: 'door / entrance'; see v. 3; the recurring locus of the whole ordination liturgy.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtentGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationσκηνῆς: meaning 'tent'; it serves as genitive of relationship.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof witnessGenitivegenitive of quality/relationship→ relational specificationμαρτυρίου: meaning 'of witness'; it serves as genitive of quality/relationship.
5
καὶ εἶπεν Μωυσῆς τῇ συναγωγῇ τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ ῥῆμα ὃ ἐνετείλατο κύριος ποιῆσαι
And Moses said to the congregation, 'This is the word which the LORD commanded to be done.'
Moses' announcement τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ ῥῆμα ὃ ἐνετείλατο κύριος ποιῆσαι ('this is the word the LORD commanded to do') is a hermeneutical caption over the whole ordination: everything to follow is not human invention but enacted divine word. ῥῆμα here = 'matter / command' (a Hebraism for דָּבָר), and the infinitive ποιῆσαι expresses purpose-as-mandate.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λέγω: 'say'; the aorist εἶπεν introduces Moses' framing word to the assembly; he speaks now not as recipient of the command (v. 1) but as its authoritative interpreter to the people.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: meaning 'Moses'; it serves as subject.
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συναγωγῇcongregationDativedative indirect object (addressee of the speech)→ sphere or referenceσυναγωγή: 'congregation'; see v. 3; the assembly is addressed as the witnessing body to whom the rite's divine warrant is declared.
τοῦτόthisNominativedemonstrative pronoun (subject of ἐστιν)→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'; the neuter τοῦτο points forward to the whole ordination liturgy; the retained acute accent (τοῦτό ἐστιν) reflects the enclitic ἐστιν following.
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula (linking τοῦτο and ῥῆμα)→ stative present (identifying equation)εἰμί: 'be'; the copula equates the rite with the divine word — an identification clause stressing that the action about to be performed simply is the LORD's command.
τὸtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥῆμαword / matterNominativepredicate nominative→ participant prominenceῥῆμα: 'word / thing said / matter'; renders דָּבָר, which spans both 'word' and 'thing / matter'; here it means the commanded business of the ordination; the LXX often uses ῥῆμα where a thing-done is in view, not merely speech.
ὃwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐνετείλατο/ποιῆσαι)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun, neuter accusative agreeing with ῥῆμα; introduces the relative clause grounding the rite in YHWH's command.
ἐνετείλατοcommandedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιverb of relative clause (divine commanding)→ constative aorist (the completed command)ἐντέλλομαι: 'command / charge / enjoin'; deponent middle; renders צִוָּה; a near-synonym of συντάσσω (v. 4), both standard for divine command in the obedience-formulae of Leviticus.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of ἐνετείλατο→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the divine commander whose word the ordination enacts.
ποιῆσαιto doAor Act Inf · ποιέωcomplementary infinitive (object/purpose: 'commanded to do')→ aorist infinitive (the commanded action as a whole)ποιέω: 'do / perform'; the aorist infinitive ποιῆσαι complements ἐνετείλατο, rendering the Hebrew infinitive construct לַעֲשׂוֹת ('to do'); the command is precisely a command to perform — word and deed coincide.
6
καὶ προσήνεγκεν Μωυσῆς τὸν Ααρων καὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔλουσεν αὐτοὺς ὕδατι
And Moses brought Aaron and his sons near and washed them with water.
The ordination proper begins with προσφορά (προσήνεγκεν, 'brought near') and lustration (ἔλουσεν … ὕδατι). The washing is the rite of passage from common to sacred status; the cultic verb προσφέρω, normally of offerings, is here used of presenting the priests themselves — they are, in effect, brought to the altar as the first 'offering' of the day.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσήνεγκενbrought nearAor Act Indic 3 Sg · προσφέρωmain verb (presentation of the priests)→ constative aorist (single completed presentation)προσφέρω: 'bring to / present / offer'; renders הִקְרִיב (Hiphil of קרב); the standard cultic verb for presenting an offering — its application here to Aaron and his sons frames the priests themselves as brought near to God for consecration.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: meaning 'Moses'; it serves as subject.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with indeclinable Ααρων, marking accusative)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑαρωνAaronobject of προσήνεγκεν (indeclinable; case shown by article τὸν)→ noun-phrase markingΑαρων: indeclinable; the preceding article τὸν supplies the accusative case-marking, a common LXX device for declining indeclinable Hebrew names.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὺςsonsAccusativeobject of προσήνεγκεν (coordinate with Ααρων)→ object specificationυἱός: 'son'; Aaron's sons presented alongside their father for the shared ordination.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (sequential)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλουσενwashedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λούωmain verb (lustration)→ constative aorist (completed washing)λούω: 'wash / bathe (the whole body)'; renders רָחַץ; distinguished from νίπτω (washing of parts); the total-body washing of the priests is the rite of purification inaugurating their passage into holiness (cf. Exod 29:4).
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object of ἔλουσεν→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἔλουσεν.
ὕδατιwith waterDativedative of means/instrument ('with water')→ sphere or referenceὕδωρ: 'water'; renders מַיִם; the instrumental dative; ritual water-washing is the means of cleansing that qualifies the priests for the vesting and anointing that follow.
7
καὶ ἐνέδυσεν αὐτὸν τὸν χιτῶνα καὶ ἔζωσεν αὐτὸν τὴν ζώνην καὶ ἐνέδυσεν αὐτὸν τὸν ὑποδύτην καὶ ἐπέθηκεν ἐπ᾿ αὐτὸν τὴν ἐπωμίδα καὶ συνέζωσεν αὐτὸν κατὰ τὴν ποίησιν τῆς ἐπωμίδος καὶ συνέσφιγξεν αὐτὸν ἐν αὐτῇ
And he clothed him with the tunic, and girded him with the sash, and clothed him with the under-robe, and put the ephod upon him, and bound it on him according to the make of the ephod, and fastened it tightly on him with it.
A rapid asyndetic-paratactic chain of clothing-verbs (ἐνέδυσεν … ἔζωσεν … ἐνέδυσεν … ἐπέθηκεν … συνέζωσεν … συνέσφιγξεν) dresses Aaron layer by layer in the high-priestly regalia of Exod 28. The double-accusative construction (ἐνέδυσεν αὐτὸν τὸν χιτῶνα, 'clothed him [with] the tunic') is a Hebraism. The garments ascend from the inner tunic to the ephod, the visible badge of the high-priestly office.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνέδυσενclothedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐνδύωmain verb (vesting: double accusative)→ constative aorist (completed clothing-act)ἐνδύω: 'put on / clothe'; renders הִלְבִּישׁ (Hiphil of לבשׁ); the double accusative (αὐτὸν … τὸν χιτῶνα) — 'clothed him [with] the tunic' — is a Hebraism; ἐνδύω is also the NT metaphor for 'putting on' Christ (Gal 3:27).
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeaccusative of person (double-accusative object)→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative of person (double-accusative object).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χιτῶναtunicAccusativeaccusative of thing (double-accusative object)→ object specificationχιτών: 'tunic / long shirt'; renders כֻּתֹּנֶת; the innermost woven garment worn next to the body (Exod 28:39); the same word for the seamless tunic of Christ at John 19:23.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔζωσενgirdedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ζώννυμιmain verb (girding: double accusative)→ constative aorist (completed girding)ζώννυμι: 'gird / belt'; renders חָגַר; double accusative again (αὐτὸν τὴν ζώνην); the girding readies the priest for service, the belt securing the tunic for active ministry.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeaccusative of person→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative of person.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ζώνηνsash / beltAccusativeaccusative of thing→ object specificationζώνη: 'belt / girdle / sash'; renders אַבְנֵט; the embroidered sash of the priestly costume (Exod 28:39); cognate with ζώννυμι just used.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνέδυσενclothedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐνδύωmain verb (vesting: double accusative)→ constative aoristἐνδύω: see above; the repeated verb dresses Aaron in the next layer, the under-robe of the ephod.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeaccusative of person→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative of person.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑποδύτηνunder-robeAccusativeaccusative of thing→ object specificationὑποδύτης: 'robe worn underneath / the robe of the ephod'; renders מְעִיל; the blue sleeveless robe worn beneath the ephod (Exod 28:31); the name (ὑπο- 'under' + δύω 'put on') marks it as the layer beneath the outer ephod.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέθηκενput uponAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (placing the ephod)→ constative aorist (completed placement)ἐπιτίθημι: 'place upon / lay on'; renders שָׂם / נָתַן עַל; the ephod is set over the under-robe; this verb recurs throughout the chapter for placing garments, blood, and offerings 'upon' their objects.
ἐπ᾿uponpreposition + accusative (elided before vowel)→ spatial or relational framingἐπ᾿: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (elided before vowel).
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of ἐπί.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπωμίδαephodAccusativedirect object of ἐπέθηκεν→ object specificationἐπωμίς: 'ephod / shoulder-piece'; renders אֵפוֹד; the LXX names it from ἐπί + ὦμος ('upon the shoulder'), describing the shoulder-borne vestment of woven gold, blue, purple, and scarlet (Exod 28:6); the most distinctive badge of the high priest, bearing the shoulder-stones and the breastpiece.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνέζωσενbound togetherAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συζώννυμιmain verb (binding the ephod)→ constative aorist (completed binding)συζώννυμι: 'gird together / bind on'; the συν- compound of ζώννυμι; renders the fastening of the ephod by its woven band (חֵשֶׁב, Exod 28:8); the prefix denotes drawing the garment snugly together.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object of συνέζωσεν→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of συνέζωσεν.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (norm/manner)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to'; introduces the standard of the binding — the prescribed construction of the ephod itself.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποίησινmake / workmanshipAccusativeaccusative object of κατά ('according to the make')→ object specificationποίησις: 'making / construction / workmanship'; renders חֵשֶׁב / מַעֲשֶׂה; 'according to the make of the ephod' means the binding followed its built-in band, exactly as designed in Exod 28:8.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπωμίδοςof the ephodGenitivegenitive of relationship ('the make of the ephod')→ relational specificationἐπωμίς: see above; the genitive specifies whose workmanship governs the binding.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνέσφιγξενfastened tightlyAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συσφίγγωmain verb (tight fastening)→ constative aorist (completed fastening)συσφίγγω: 'bind tight / fasten firmly'; the συν- compound of σφίγγω ('squeeze, bind tight'); a rare, vivid verb intensifying συνέζωσεν — the ephod is drawn snug and secure, fixed in place for ministry.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object of συνέσφιγξεν→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of συνέσφιγξεν.
ἐνwith / inpreposition + dative (instrumental/locative: 'with it')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: here instrumental ('by means of it'), a Hebraizing use of ἐν (rendering בְּ); 'fastened him tightly with it' refers to the woven band of the ephod.
αὐτῇitDativedative object of ἐν (referring to the ephod / its band)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: the feminine dative αὐτῇ refers back to the ἐπωμίς (feminine) or its woven band; the instrument by which Aaron is bound into the vestment.
8
καὶ ἐπέθηκεν ἐπ᾿ αὐτὴν τὸ λογεῖον καὶ ἐπέθηκεν ἐπὶ τὸ λογεῖον τὴν δήλωσιν καὶ τὴν ἀλήθειαν
And he put upon it the breastpiece, and he put upon the breastpiece the Manifestation and the Truth.
The λογεῖον ('breastpiece / oracle-pouch') is set on the ephod, and into it 'the Manifestation and the Truth' (ἡ δήλωσις καὶ ἡ ἀλήθεια = the Urim and Thummim). The LXX translates rather than transliterates the Hebrew terms, foregrounding their oracular function: the high priest carries the means of disclosing the divine will and verdict over his heart (cf. Exod 28:30).
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέθηκενput uponAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (placing the breastpiece)→ constative aorist (completed placement)ἐπιτίθημι: 'place upon'; see v. 7; the breastpiece is set upon the ephod, to which it was bound by chains and rings (Exod 28:22–28).
ἐπ᾿uponpreposition + accusative (elided before vowel)→ spatial or relational framingἐπ᾿: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (elided before vowel).
αὐτὴνitAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (referring to the ephod)→ participant referenceαὐτός: feminine accusative αὐτήν refers to the ἐπωμίς (ephod) of v. 7; the breastpiece rests upon it.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λογεῖονbreastpiece / oracle-pouchAccusativedirect object of ἐπέθηκεν→ object specificationλογεῖον: 'breastpiece / place of the oracle'; renders חֹשֶׁן ('breastpiece of judgment'); the LXX name derives from λόγιον / λέγω, marking it as the seat of divine 'speaking' — the pouch holding the oracular lots and bearing the twelve tribal stones (Exod 28:15–21).
καὶandnarrative conjunction (sequential)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέθηκενput uponAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (placing the oracular lots)→ constative aoristἐπιτίθημι: the repeated verb now places the oracle-lots into the breastpiece.
ἐπὶupon / inpreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λογεῖονbreastpieceAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationλογεῖον: see above; the lots are placed into the oracular pouch.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δήλωσινManifestationAccusativedirect object of ἐπέθηκεν→ object specificationδήλωσις: 'manifestation / making-clear / disclosure'; the LXX rendering of אוּרִים (Urim); rather than transliterate, the LXX interprets — the Urim is the means of divine 'disclosure'; cognate with δηλόω ('make plain'), it names the oracle by its function of revealing God's verdict.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀλήθειανTruthAccusativedirect object of ἐπέθηκεν (coordinate with δήλωσιν)→ object specificationἀλήθεια: 'truth / reliability'; the LXX rendering of תֻּמִּים (Thummim); the pair ἡ δήλωσις καὶ ἡ ἀλήθεια ('Manifestation and Truth') interprets Urim and Thummim as the oracle of true disclosure; the high priest thus bears upon his heart the instrument of divine judgment and certainty (Exod 28:30).
9
καὶ ἐπέθηκεν τὴν μίτραν ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπέθηκεν ἐπὶ τὴν μίτραν κατὰ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ τὸ πέταλον τὸ χρυσοῦν τὸ καθηγιασμένον ἅγιον ὃν τρόπον συνέταξεν κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ
And he put the turban upon his head, and upon the turban, in front, he put the golden plate, the consecrated holy thing, just as the LORD commanded Moses.
The vesting climaxes with the turban (μίτρα) and the golden plate (πέταλον) — the diadem inscribed 'Holy to the LORD' (Exod 28:36). The clause closes with the first occurrence of the chapter's obedience-refrain ὃν τρόπον συνέταξεν κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ ('just as the LORD commanded Moses'), sealing the investiture as exact compliance.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέθηκενputAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (placing the turban)→ constative aorist (completed placement)ἐπιτίθημι: 'place upon'; see v. 7; the turban is set on Aaron's head, the final layer of the high-priestly costume.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μίτρανturbanAccusativedirect object of ἐπέθηκεν→ object specificationμίτρα: 'turban / headband'; renders מִצְנֶפֶת; the high priest's linen headdress (Exod 28:4, 37) onto which the golden plate is fastened; distinct from the κίδαρις worn by the ordinary priests (v. 13).
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλὴνheadAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationκεφαλή: 'head'; renders רֹאשׁ; the head as the locus of the turban and, in v. 12, of the anointing oil — the crown of the consecrated person.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέθηκενputAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (placing the golden plate)→ constative aoristἐπιτίθημι: see above; now the golden plate is fixed upon the turban.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μίτρανturbanAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationμίτρα: see above; the plate is placed on the front of the turban.
κατὰat / oppositepreposition + accusative (position: 'in front of')→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'down along / opposite / at'; the phrase κατὰ πρόσωπον ('facing / in front') locates the golden plate on the forehead-side of the turban, where its inscription faces outward.
πρόσωπονfront / faceAccusativeaccusative in prepositional phrase (κατὰ πρόσωπον: 'in front')→ spatial or relational framingπρόσωπον: 'face / front'; renders פָּנִים; κατὰ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ = 'at the front of it,' i.e., over the forehead, the visible face of the high priest (cf. Exod 28:38).
αὐτοῦits / hisGenitivegenitive of possession (the front of the turban/head)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (the front of the turban/head).
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πέταλονplate / leafAccusativedirect object of ἐπέθηκεν→ object specificationπέταλον: 'thin plate / leaf of metal'; renders צִיץ ('blossom / plate'); the golden diadem-plate engraved 'Holiness to the LORD' (קֹדֶשׁ לַיהוה, Exod 28:36), worn on the high priest's forehead as the badge of his sacral office.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (attributive with χρυσοῦν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρυσοῦνgoldenAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying πέταλον)→ object specificationχρυσοῦς: 'made of gold'; renders זָהָב; the plate is of pure gold (Exod 28:36); the article-adjective construction τὸ πέταλον τὸ χρυσοῦν marks the attribution as definite and emphatic.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (attributive with participle)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καθηγιασμένονconsecratedPerf Pass Part Acc Sg Neut · καθαγιάζωattributive participle (modifying πέταλον)→ perfect passive participle (resultant, settled state of consecration)καθαγιάζω: 'consecrate / set apart as holy'; the κατα- compound of ἁγιάζω; the perfect passive participle καθηγιασμένον denotes the plate's permanent consecrated status — it is and remains a holy object set apart for God.
ἅγιονholy thingAccusativepredicate/appositive adjective (substantival: 'a holy thing')→ object specificationἅγιος: 'holy / set apart'; renders קֹדֶשׁ; here substantival, 'the holy (object)'; the plate is itself קֹדֶשׁ, the very word inscribed upon it — it embodies the holiness it proclaims.
ὃνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (with τρόπον: 'just as')→ participant referenceὅς: see v. 4; ὃν τρόπον opens the obedience-refrain.
τρόπονmannerAccusativeadverbial accusative ('just as')→ object specificationτρόπος: see v. 4; the comparative idiom marking exact obedience.
συνέταξενcommandedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συντάσσωverb of comparative clause (obedience-refrain)→ constative aoristσυντάσσω: see v. 4; the recurring verb of the obedience-formula that punctuates the chapter.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of συνέταξεν→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the authority behind the prescribed vestments.
τῷthe (to)Dativearticle (with Μωυσῇ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜωυσῇMosesDativedative indirect object (recipient of the command)→ sphere or referenceΜωυσῆς: dative Μωυσῇ (with article τῷ); in the obedience-refrain Moses is the recipient of the divine instruction he now executes.
10
καὶ ἔλαβεν Μωυσῆς ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐλαίου τῆς χρίσεως
And Moses took some of the oil of anointing,
A brief transitional clause introducing the anointing sequence (vv. 10–12). The partitive ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐλαίου ('some of the oil') is a Hebraism (מִן partitive); the same construction recurs in the blood-rites (vv. 15, 23, 30), marking the taking of a portion for sacral application.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβενtookAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (taking the oil)→ constative aorist (completed act)λαμβάνω: 'take'; renders לָקַח; the verb that opens each new ritual phase (cf. vv. 15, 16, 23, 25, 30) as Moses takes up the next element of the liturgy.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: meaning 'Moses'; it serves as subject.
ἀπὸsome of / frompreposition + genitive (partitive)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: here partitive ('some of'), rendering Hebrew partitive מִן; ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐλαίου = 'some of the oil,' a recurring LXX construction in the sacrificial portions.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλαίουoilGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (partitive)→ relational specificationἔλαιον: 'oil'; see v. 2; the anointing oil prepared for consecration.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρίσεωςof anointingGenitivegenitive of quality ('oil of anointing')→ relational specificationχρῖσις: 'anointing'; see v. 2; the consecrating oil whose application sanctifies sanctuary and priest alike.
11
καὶ ἔρρανεν ἀπ᾿ αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον ἑπτάκις καὶ ἔχρισεν τὸ θυσιαστήριον καὶ ἡγίασεν αὐτὸ καὶ πάντα τὰ σκεύη αὐτοῦ καὶ τὸν λουτῆρα καὶ τὴν βάσιν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἡγίασεν αὐτά καὶ ἔχρισεν τὴν σκηνὴν καὶ πάντα τὰ ἐν αὐτῇ καὶ ἡγίασεν αὐτήν
and he sprinkled some of it on the altar seven times, and anointed the altar and hallowed it and all its vessels, and the laver and its base, and he hallowed them; and he anointed the tabernacle and all that was in it, and hallowed it.
The sevenfold sprinkling (ἑπτάκις) consecrates the altar, with the recurring triad sprinkle–anoint–hallow (ἔρρανεν / ἔχρισεν / ἡγίασεν). The sanctification radiates outward from altar to vessels to laver to the whole tabernacle. The number seven marks completeness; ἁγιάζω (the leitmotif verb, repeated ×3 here) effects the transfer of objects into the sphere of the holy.
Word-by-word analysis· 42 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔρρανενsprinkledAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ῥαίνωmain verb (sprinkling the oil)→ constative aorist (completed sprinkling)ῥαίνω: 'sprinkle / scatter (liquid)'; renders הִזָּה (Hiphil of נזה); the verb of ritual aspersion; the sevenfold sprinkling (cf. Lev 4:6) is a complete, perfect act of consecration applied to the altar.
ἀπ᾿some ofpreposition + genitive (partitive)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: partitive 'some of'; see v. 10.
αὐτοῦitGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (the oil)→ relational specificationαὐτός: refers to the oil of v. 10; 'some of it' = some of the anointing oil.
ἐπὶonpreposition + accusative (target of sprinkling)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (target of sprinkling).
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar / place of sacrifice'; renders מִזְבֵּחַ; the LXX coined this word (from θυσιάζω, 'sacrifice') to distinguish the legitimate altar of YHWH from the pagan βωμός; the central object of the consecration and of the offerings that follow.
ἑπτάκιςseven timesnumeral adverb (frequency of sprinkling)→ clausal contributionἑπτάκις: 'seven times'; renders שֶׁבַע פְּעָמִים; the sevenfold repetition signals ritual completeness and perfection (cf. Lev 4:6, 17; 16:14).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔχρισενanointedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · χρίωmain verb (anointing the altar)→ constative aorist (completed anointing)χρίω: 'anoint / smear with oil'; renders מָשַׁח; the verb from which χριστός ('anointed one / Messiah') derives; here the altar is anointed into holiness, as Aaron will be in v. 12 — object and person consecrated by the same act.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarAccusativedirect object of ἔχρισεν→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: see above.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡγίασενhallowedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἁγιάζωmain verb (sanctifying the altar)→ constative aorist (completed sanctification)ἁγιάζω: 'make holy / sanctify / set apart'; renders קִדֵּשׁ (Piel of קדשׁ); the chapter's leitmotif verb (repeated through vv. 11–12, 15, 30), effecting the transfer of objects and persons from common to sacred status.
αὐτὸitAccusativedirect object of ἡγίασεν (the altar)→ participant referenceαὐτὸ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἡγίασεν (the altar).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying σκεύη)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the consecration extends to every implement of the altar, leaving nothing common.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκεύηvessels / implementsAccusativedirect object (coordinate with αὐτό)→ object specificationσκεῦος (pl. σκεύη): 'vessel / implement'; renders כְּלִי; the altar's service-utensils (pans, shovels, basins, forks, firepans, Exod 27:3), all sanctified together with the altar.
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive of possession (the altar's vessels)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (the altar's vessels).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λουτῆραlaverAccusativedirect object (coordinate)→ object specificationλουτήρ: 'basin / laver'; renders כִּיּוֹר; the bronze water-basin for the priests' ablutions (Exod 30:18), set between tent and altar; cognate with λούω ('wash', v. 6).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βάσινbase / standAccusativedirect object (coordinate)→ object specificationβάσις: 'base / pedestal / foot'; renders כֵּן; the stand of the bronze laver (Exod 30:18); from βαίνω ('go / step'), 'that on which a thing stands.'
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive of possession (the laver's base)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (the laver's base).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡγίασενhallowedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἁγιάζωmain verb (sanctifying laver and base)→ constative aoristἁγιάζω: see above; the repeated verb gathers laver and base into the holy.
αὐτάthemAccusativedirect object of ἡγίασεν→ participant referenceαὐτά: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἡγίασεν.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔχρισενanointedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · χρίωmain verb (anointing the tabernacle)→ constative aoristχρίω: see above; the anointing now extends to the whole tabernacle and its contents.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνὴνtabernacleAccusativedirect object of ἔχρισεν→ object specificationσκηνή: 'tent / tabernacle'; see v. 3; here the whole dwelling consecrated by the oil.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallAccusativesubstantival adjective ('all the things')→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the totality of the tabernacle's contents brought into holiness.
τὰthe thingsAccusativearticle (substantizing the prepositional phrase)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
αὐτῇitDativedative object of ἐν (the tabernacle)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: refers to the σκηνή; 'all that was in it' = the tabernacle's furnishings.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡγίασενhallowedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἁγιάζωmain verb (sanctifying the tabernacle)→ constative aoristἁγιάζω: see above; the sanctification of the whole dwelling completes the consecration of sacred space before the consecration of the sacred persons.
αὐτήνitAccusativedirect object of ἡγίασεν (the tabernacle)→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἡγίασεν (the tabernacle).
12
καὶ ἐπέχεεν Μωυσῆς ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐλαίου τῆς χρίσεως ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν Ααρων καὶ ἔχρισεν αὐτὸν καὶ ἡγίασεν αὐτόν
And Moses poured some of the oil of anointing on Aaron's head, and anointed him and hallowed him.
After the sanctuary, the high priest himself is anointed: oil is poured (ἐπέχεεν) on Aaron's head — the lavish pouring distinctive of the high priest's investiture (cf. Ps 132:2 LXX, the oil running down Aaron's beard). The same triad as the altar (anoint–hallow) is applied to the person: ἔχρισεν … ἡγίασεν. Aaron is now χριστός in the literal sense — an anointed one.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέχεενpouredAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιχέωmain verb (pouring the oil on Aaron)→ constative aorist (completed pouring)ἐπιχέω: 'pour upon / pour out over'; renders יָצַק; the ἐπι- compound denotes pouring down upon the head; the abundance of poured oil marks the high-priestly anointing as distinct from the mere sprinkling of the sons (cf. Ps 132:2).
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: meaning 'Moses'; it serves as subject.
ἀπὸsome ofpreposition + genitive (partitive)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: partitive; see v. 10.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλαίουoilGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (partitive)→ relational specificationἔλαιον: 'oil'; see v. 2.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρίσεωςof anointingGenitivegenitive of quality→ relational specificationχρῖσις: 'anointing'; see v. 2.
ἐπὶonpreposition + accusative (target of pouring)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (target of pouring).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλὴνheadAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationκεφαλή: 'head'; see v. 9; the head, crowned with the turban and plate, now receives the anointing oil — the locus of consecration.
Ααρωνof Aarongenitive of possession (indeclinable: 'Aaron's head')→ participant identificationΑαρων: indeclinable; here genitive of possession, 'the head of Aaron.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔχρισενanointedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · χρίωmain verb (anointing Aaron)→ constative aoristχρίω: 'anoint'; see v. 11; here the high priest is the object — Aaron becomes the anointed priest (cf. ὁ ἱερεὺς ὁ χριστός, Lev 4:5); the χρι- root binds him lexically to the messianic vocabulary of the Greek Bible.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object of ἔχρισεν→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἔχρισεν.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡγίασενhallowedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἁγιάζωmain verb (sanctifying Aaron)→ constative aoristἁγιάζω: 'sanctify / set apart'; see v. 11; Aaron, like the altar, is transferred into the holy by the anointing — person and place share the one consecration.
αὐτόνhimAccusativedirect object of ἡγίασεν→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἡγίασεν.
13
καὶ προσήγαγεν Μωυσῆς τοὺς υἱοὺς Ααρων καὶ ἐνέδυσεν αὐτοὺς χιτῶνας καὶ ἔζωσεν αὐτοὺς ζώνας καὶ περιέθηκεν αὐτοῖς κιδάρεις καθάπερ συνέταξεν κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ
And Moses brought forward the sons of Aaron and clothed them with tunics and girded them with sashes and put headgear on them, just as the LORD commanded Moses.
The ordinary priests are vested more simply than the high priest: tunics, sashes, and the κίδαρις (a plainer cap) rather than the μίτρα with its golden plate. The verse closes with the obedience-refrain in its καθάπερ-form (καθάπερ συνέταξεν κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ), again marking exact conformity.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσήγαγενbrought forwardAor Act Indic 3 Sg · προσάγωmain verb (presenting the sons)→ constative aorist (completed presentation)προσάγω: 'bring to / lead forward / present'; renders הִקְרִיב / הִגִּישׁ; a near-synonym of προσφέρω (v. 6), used of bringing the sons forward for vesting and, later in the chapter, of presenting the sacrificial animals (vv. 14, 18, 22, 24).
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: meaning 'Moses'; it serves as subject.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὺςsonsAccusativedirect object of προσήγαγεν→ object specificationυἱός: 'son'; Aaron's sons, now vested for the subordinate priesthood.
Ααρωνof Aarongenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'sons of Aaron')→ participant identificationΑαρων: indeclinable; here genitive, 'the sons of Aaron.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνέδυσενclothedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐνδύωmain verb (vesting: double accusative)→ constative aoristἐνδύω: 'clothe'; see v. 7; double accusative (αὐτοὺς χιτῶνας); the sons receive tunics like their father, but without the high-priestly outer regalia.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativeaccusative of person (double-accusative object)→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative of person (double-accusative object).
χιτῶναςtunicsAccusativeaccusative of thing (double-accusative object)→ object specificationχιτών: 'tunic'; see v. 7; here plural, the woven tunics of the ordinary priests (Exod 28:40).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔζωσενgirdedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ζώννυμιmain verb (girding: double accusative)→ constative aoristζώννυμι: 'gird'; see v. 7; the sons are belted with sashes for service.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativeaccusative of person→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative of person.
ζώναςsashesAccusativeaccusative of thing→ object specificationζώνη: 'sash / belt'; see v. 7; plural, the sashes of the ordinary priests.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περιέθηκενput around / put onAor Act Indic 3 Sg · περιτίθημιmain verb (placing the headgear)→ constative aorist (completed placement)περιτίθημι: 'place around / put on'; renders חָבַשׁ; the περι- compound ('around') suits the binding of the cap around the head; takes a dative of person (αὐτοῖς) and accusative of thing.
αὐτοῖςon themDativedative of person (with περιέθηκεν)→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'on them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of person (with περιέθηκεν).
κιδάρειςheadgear / capsAccusativedirect object of περιέθηκεν→ object specificationκίδαρις: 'turban-cap / headdress'; renders מִגְבָּעָה; the simpler headgear of the ordinary priests (Exod 28:40), distinguished from the μίτρα of the high priest (v. 9); a Persian loanword for a conical cap.
καθάπερjust ascomparative conjunction (obedience-refrain)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθάπερ: 'just as / exactly as'; an emphatic comparative (κατά + ἅ + περ); a variant form of the obedience-refrain (cf. ὃν τρόπον, vv. 4, 9), here introducing 'just as the LORD commanded Moses.'
συνέταξενcommandedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συντάσσωverb of comparative clause→ constative aoristσυντάσσω: see v. 4; the recurring verb of the obedience-formula.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of συνέταξεν→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה.
τῷthe (to)Dativearticle (with Μωυσῇ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜωυσῇMosesDativedative indirect object→ sphere or referenceΜωυσῆς: dative Μωυσῇ; recipient of the command in the refrain.
14
καὶ προσήγαγεν Μωυσῆς τὸν μόσχον τὸν περὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας καὶ ἐπέθηκεν Ααρων καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ τὰς χεῖρας ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν τοῦ μόσχου τοῦ τῆς ἁμαρτίας
And Moses brought forward the bull-calf for the sin-offering, and Aaron and his sons laid their hands on the head of the bull-calf of the sin-offering.
The sacrificial sequence proper begins. The laying-on of hands (ἐπέθηκεν … τὰς χεῖρας ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλήν) by Aaron and his sons identifies them with the victim, transferring their need for purification onto the bull. The verb ἐπιτίθημι, used earlier for placing vestments and oil, now places hands — the gesture of ritual identification (cf. Lev 1:4; 4:4).
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσήγαγενbrought forwardAor Act Indic 3 Sg · προσάγωmain verb (presenting the bull)→ constative aoristπροσάγω: 'bring forward / present'; see v. 13; the sacrificial presentation-verb for the sin-offering animal.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: meaning 'Moses'; it serves as subject.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μόσχονbull-calfAccusativedirect object of προσήγαγεν→ object specificationμόσχος: 'calf / bull'; see v. 2; the sin-offering animal of the priestly consecration.
τὸνthe (one)Accusativearticle (attributive, introducing prepositional modifier)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
περὶforpreposition + genitive (purpose: 'for the sin-offering')→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: 'for / concerning'; the phrase τὸ περὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας designates the sin-offering; see v. 2.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτίαςsinGenitivegenitive object of περί→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin / sin-offering'; see v. 2.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέθηκενlaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (laying-on of hands; singular verb with compound subject)→ constative aorist (completed gesture)ἐπιτίθημι: 'place / lay upon'; see v. 7; here of the laying-on of hands; the singular verb with the compound subject (Aaron and his sons) is idiomatic Greek/Hebrew, the verb agreeing with the nearer/leading subject.
ΑαρωνAaronsubject of ἐπέθηκεν (indeclinable; nominative by context)→ participant identificationΑαρων: indeclinable; here the leading nominative subject of the laying-on of hands.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject (coordinate with Ααρων)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; Aaron's sons join in the gesture of identification with the victim.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραςhandsAccusativedirect object of ἐπέθηκεν→ object specificationχείρ: 'hand'; renders יָד; the laying-on of hands (סְמִיכָה) is the gesture of ritual identification, by which the offerer transfers his standing onto the victim that dies in his place (cf. Lev 1:4; 16:21).
ἐπὶonpreposition + accusative (target of the gesture)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (target of the gesture).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλὴνheadAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationκεφαλή: 'head'; the head of the victim is the point of contact for the identifying gesture, where the offerer's sin is symbolically transferred.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μόσχουbull-calfGenitivegenitive of relationship ('the head of the bull')→ relational specificationμόσχος: 'bull'; see v. 2.
τοῦof the (one)Genitivearticle (attributive, with following genitive phrase)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτίαςsinGenitivegenitive (the sin-offering: 'the bull of the sin-offering')→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin / sin-offering'; the bracket construction τοῦ μόσχου τοῦ τῆς ἁμαρτίας ('the bull, the [one] of the sin-offering') is a Hebraizing attributive, with the article repeated to attach the genitive phrase tightly to its noun.
15
καὶ ἔσφαξεν αὐτὸν καὶ ἔλαβεν Μωυσῆς ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος καὶ ἐπέθηκεν ἐπὶ τὰ κέρατα τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου κύκλῳ τῷ δακτύλῳ καὶ ἐκαθάρισεν τὸ θυσιαστήριον καὶ τὸ αἷμα ἐξέχεεν ἐπὶ τὴν βάσιν τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου καὶ ἡγίασεν αὐτὸ τοῦ ἐξιλάσασθαι ἐπ᾿ αὐτοῦ
And he slaughtered it, and Moses took some of the blood and put it on the horns of the altar round about with his finger, and purified the altar; and he poured out the blood at the base of the altar and hallowed it, to make atonement upon it.
The sin-offering's purpose is the cleansing and consecration of the altar itself. The blood is applied to the horns (the points of greatest holiness) with the finger, the rest poured at the base; the result is ἐκαθάρισεν … ἡγίασεν ('purified … hallowed'), and the goal is stated by the articular infinitive of purpose τοῦ ἐξιλάσασθαι ('to make atonement') — the key cultic term ἐξιλάσκομαι, the LXX rendering of כִּפֶּר.
Word-by-word analysis· 39 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσφαξενslaughteredAor Act Indic 3 Sg · σφάζωmain verb (slaughter of the victim)→ constative aorist (completed slaughter)σφάζω: 'slay / slaughter (by cutting the throat)'; renders שָׁחַט; the technical sacrificial verb for ritual killing; the same verb later used in Revelation of the slain Lamb (ἐσφαγμένον, Rev 5:6).
αὐτὸνitAccusativedirect object of ἔσφαξεν (the bull)→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἔσφαξεν (the bull).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβενtookAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (taking the blood)→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: 'take'; see v. 10; Moses takes a portion of the blood for the purgation-rite.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: meaning 'Moses'; it serves as subject.
ἀπὸsome ofpreposition + genitive (partitive)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: partitive; see v. 10.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἵματοςbloodGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (partitive)→ relational specificationαἷμα: 'blood'; renders דָּם; the blood is the carrier of life (Lev 17:11) and the agent of atonement; its manipulation is the heart of the sin-offering rite.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέθηκενputAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (applying blood to the horns)→ constative aoristἐπιτίθημι: 'put upon'; see v. 7; here applying blood to the altar-horns — the same verb that placed vestments and oil now places the atoning blood.
ἐπὶonpreposition + accusative (target of application)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (target of application).
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κέραταhornsAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationκέρας (pl. κέρατα): 'horn'; renders קֶרֶן; the projections at the four corners of the altar, its points of greatest holiness and the place of refuge (1 Kgs 1:50); the blood is applied here to purge the altar at its most sacred points.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστηρίουaltarGenitivegenitive of relationship ('the horns of the altar')→ relational specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar'; see v. 11.
κύκλῳround aboutDativeadverbial dative ('all around')→ sphere or referenceκύκλος: 'circle'; the dative κύκλῳ functions adverbially, 'round about / on all sides'; renders סָבִיב; the blood encircles the altar at its horns, cleansing it on every side.
τῷthe (with)Dativearticle (with δακτύλῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δακτύλῳwith the fingerDativedative of instrument ('with the finger')→ sphere or referenceδάκτυλος: 'finger'; renders אֶצְבַּע; the instrumental dative; applying blood with the finger is the prescribed manner for the sin-offering (Lev 4:6, 25), a gesture of precise, deliberate sacral contact.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκαθάρισενpurifiedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · καθαρίζωmain verb (cleansing the altar)→ constative aorist (completed purification)καθαρίζω: 'cleanse / purify'; renders חִטֵּא / טִהֵר; the sin-offering blood removes ritual defilement from the altar; the verb καθαρίζω is foundational to the NT theology of cleansing from sin (cf. 1 John 1:7; Heb 9:14).
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarAccusativedirect object of ἐκαθάρισεν→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: see v. 11.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἷμαbloodAccusativedirect object of ἐξέχεεν (fronted for emphasis)→ object specificationαἷμα: 'blood'; see above; the remaining blood, fronted before its verb, is poured out at the altar's base.
ἐξέχεενpoured outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐκχέωmain verb (pouring out the rest of the blood)→ constative aoristἐκχέω: 'pour out / shed'; renders שָׁפַךְ; the remainder of the blood is poured at the altar's base (Lev 4:7); the verb later carries the NT sense of blood 'poured out' for many (Matt 26:28).
ἐπὶatpreposition + accusative (location of pouring)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'at'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (location of pouring).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βάσινbaseAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationβάσις: 'base / foundation'; see v. 11; here the base of the altar (יְסוֹד), where the surplus blood is poured.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστηρίουaltarGenitivegenitive of relationship ('base of the altar')→ relational specificationθυσιαστήριον: see v. 11.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡγίασενhallowedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἁγιάζωmain verb (consecrating the altar)→ constative aoristἁγιάζω: 'sanctify'; see v. 11; the cleansed altar is now also consecrated — purification and sanctification together qualify it for service.
αὐτὸitAccusativedirect object of ἡγίασεν→ participant referenceαὐτὸ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἡγίασεν.
τοῦ(in order)Genitivearticle with articular infinitive (purpose)→ noun-phrase markingὁ (+ infinitive): the genitive article τοῦ + infinitive expresses purpose ('in order to'), a frequent LXX construction rendering the Hebrew לְ + infinitive construct.
ἐξιλάσασθαιto make atonementAor Mid Inf · ἐξιλάσκομαιarticular infinitive of purpose ('to make atonement')→ aorist infinitive (purpose: the goal of the whole rite)ἐξιλάσκομαι: 'make atonement / propitiate / expiate'; the LXX's standard rendering of כִּפֶּר (Piel of כפר); the ἐξ- compound intensifies ἱλάσκομαι; the cognate ἱλαστήριον ('mercy seat / place of atonement') and ἱλασμός underlie the NT atonement vocabulary (Rom 3:25; 1 John 2:2); here the purified, hallowed altar becomes the means of atonement.
ἐπ᾿uponpreposition + genitive (location of atonement)→ spatial or relational framingἐπ᾿: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (location of atonement).
αὐτοῦitGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (the altar)→ relational specificationαὐτός: refers to the altar; atonement is to be made 'upon it' — the consecrated altar is now the place where atonement is effected.
16
καὶ ἔλαβεν Μωυσῆς πᾶν τὸ στέαρ τὸ ἐπὶ τῶν ἐνδοσθίων καὶ τὸν λοβὸν τὸν ἐπὶ τοῦ ἥπατος καὶ ἀμφοτέρους τοὺς νεφροὺς καὶ τὸ στέαρ τὸ ἐπ᾿ αὐτῶν καὶ ἀνήνεγκεν Μωυσῆς ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον
And Moses took all the fat that was on the entrails, and the lobe of the liver, and both the kidneys and the fat that was on them, and Moses offered them up on the altar.
The fat and the prized inner organs — the choicest parts — are burned on the altar as YHWH's portion (cf. Lev 3:3–5; 4:8–10). The fat (στέαρ) belongs exclusively to God (Lev 3:16–17); the lobe of the liver and the kidneys are the customary altar-portions. The verb ἀναφέρω ('offer up') is the technical term for sending the offering up in smoke to God.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβενtookAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (taking the fat portions)→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: 'take'; see v. 10; Moses takes the altar-portions for burning.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: meaning 'Moses'; it serves as subject.
πᾶνallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying στέαρ)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the whole of the fat is reserved for the altar — none may be eaten (Lev 3:17).
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στέαρfatAccusativedirect object of ἔλαβεν→ object specificationστέαρ: 'fat / suet'; renders חֵלֶב; the hard fat around the organs, regarded as the richest part and belonging wholly to YHWH (Lev 3:16); distinct from ordinary fat (πιμελή).
τὸthe (that)Accusativearticle (attributive, introducing prepositional modifier)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (location of the fat)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (location of the fat).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνδοσθίωνentrails / inward partsGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί→ relational specificationἐνδόσθια: 'entrails / inward parts'; renders קֶרֶב; the substantivized neuter plural denotes the viscera; 'the fat that is on the entrails' is the prescribed altar-portion (Lev 3:3).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λοβὸνlobeAccusativedirect object (coordinate with στέαρ)→ object specificationλοβός: 'lobe / appendage'; renders יֹתֶרֶת; the lobe (caudate process) of the liver, a standard altar-portion (Lev 3:4); the same word used in vv. 23–24 for the lobe of the ear.
τὸνthe (that)Accusativearticle (attributive)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (location).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἥπατοςliverGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί ('the lobe on the liver')→ relational specificationἧπαρ (gen. ἥπατος): 'liver'; renders כָּבֵד; 'the lobe upon the liver' is the appendage of the liver designated for the altar (Lev 3:4).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀμφοτέρουςbothAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying νεφρούς)→ object specificationἀμφότεροι: 'both'; renders שְׁתֵּי; both kidneys are taken, the complete pair as the altar-portion (Lev 3:4).
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νεφροὺςkidneysAccusativedirect object (coordinate)→ object specificationνεφρός: 'kidney'; renders כִּלְיָה; the kidneys, with their surrounding fat, are a standard altar-portion; in Hebrew thought the kidneys are also a seat of the inner self (Ps 7:9).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στέαρfatAccusativedirect object (coordinate)→ object specificationστέαρ: 'fat'; see above; the fat surrounding the kidneys.
τὸthe (that)Accusativearticle (attributive)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπ᾿onpreposition + genitive (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐπ᾿: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (location).
αὐτῶνthemGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (the kidneys)→ relational specificationαὐτός: refers to the kidneys; 'the fat that is on them.'
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνήνεγκενoffered upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναφέρωmain verb (burning the portions on the altar)→ constative aorist (completed offering)ἀναφέρω: 'bring up / offer up'; renders הִקְטִיר / הֶעֱלָה; the technical term for sending the offering up in smoke to God on the altar; the ἀνα- ('up') captures the rising of the offering; the verb is taken up in Heb 7:27; 1 Pet 2:24 of Christ's self-offering.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject (resumed for clarity)→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: meaning 'Moses'; it serves as subject (resumed for clarity).
ἐπὶonpreposition + accusative (target of offering)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (target of offering).
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: see v. 11; the fat portions are burned here as YHWH's share of the sin-offering.
17
καὶ τὸν μόσχον καὶ τὴν βύρσαν αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰ κρέα αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν κόπρον αὐτοῦ καὶ κατέκαυσεν αὐτὰ πυρὶ ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς ὃν τρόπον συνέταξεν κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ
But the bull-calf and its hide and its flesh and its dung he burned up with fire outside the camp, just as the LORD commanded Moses.
In contrast to the fat (burned on the altar as God's portion), the carcass of the priestly sin-offering is not eaten but wholly destroyed outside the camp (Lev 4:11–12). This disposal-rite is the type expounded in Heb 13:11–13: Jesus 'suffered outside the gate.' The verse ends with the obedience-refrain ὃν τρόπον συνέταξεν κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶand / butnarrative conjunction (here mildly contrastive)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μόσχονbull-calfAccusativedirect object of κατέκαυσεν (fronted)→ object specificationμόσχος: 'bull'; see v. 2; here the remaining carcass after the fat has been removed.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βύρσανhide / skinAccusativedirect object (coordinate)→ object specificationβύρσα: 'hide / skin (of an animal)'; renders עוֹר; the skin of the sin-offering bull, burned with the rest outside the camp (unlike the burnt-offering, whose skin went to the priest, Lev 7:8).
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρέαflesh / meatAccusativedirect object (coordinate)→ object specificationκρέας (pl. κρέα): 'flesh / meat'; renders בָּשָׂר; the meat of the priestly sin-offering is destroyed, not eaten — distinguishing it from sin-offerings whose flesh the priests consumed (Lev 6:26).
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κόπρονdung / offalAccusativedirect object (coordinate)→ object specificationκόπρος: 'dung / offal'; renders פֶּרֶשׁ; the entrail-contents, burned with the carcass; the inclusion of even the dung underlines the total destruction of the sin-offering remains.
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέκαυσενburned upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · κατακαίωmain verb (incinerating the carcass)→ constative aorist (completed incineration)κατακαίω: 'burn up / consume with fire'; renders שָׂרַף; the κατα- ('completely') marks total destruction by fire, distinct from the altar-burning ἀναφέρω (v. 16); this is profane disposal, not sacrificial offering.
αὐτὰthemAccusativedirect object of κατέκαυσεν (resuming the listed items)→ participant referenceαὐτὰ: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of κατέκαυσεν (resuming the listed items).
πυρὶwith fireDativedative of instrument ('with fire')→ sphere or referenceπῦρ: 'fire'; renders אֵשׁ; instrumental dative; the fire of disposal outside the camp, distinct from the sacred altar-fire.
ἔξωoutsideadverb / improper preposition + genitive (location)→ spatial or relational framingἔξω: 'outside'; here functioning as an improper preposition with the genitive (ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς, 'outside the camp'); the locus of the sin-offering's destruction, the type of Christ's suffering 'outside the gate' (Heb 13:11–13).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβολῆςcampGenitivegenitive object of ἔξω→ relational specificationπαρεμβολή: 'camp / encampment'; renders מַחֲנֶה; the LXX's regular term for the Israelite wilderness camp; what is destroyed 'outside the camp' is removed from the sphere of the holy community.
ὃνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (with τρόπον: 'just as')→ participant referenceὅς: see v. 4; the obedience-refrain.
τρόπονmannerAccusativeadverbial accusative ('just as')→ object specificationτρόπος: see v. 4.
συνέταξενcommandedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συντάσσωverb of comparative clause→ constative aoristσυντάσσω: see v. 4.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of συνέταξεν→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה.
τῷthe (to)Dativearticle (with Μωυσῇ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜωυσῇMosesDativedative indirect object→ sphere or referenceΜωυσῆς: dative Μωυσῇ.
18
καὶ προσήγαγεν Μωυσῆς τὸν κριὸν τὸν εἰς ὁλοκαύτωμα καὶ ἐπέθηκεν Ααρων καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῶν ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν τοῦ κριοῦ
And Moses brought forward the ram for the whole burnt-offering, and Aaron and his sons laid their hands on the head of the ram.
The second offering is the whole burnt-offering (ὁλοκαύτωμα), in which the entire animal ascends to God. Again the laying-on of hands by Aaron and his sons identifies them with the victim. The structural parallel to v. 14 (present–lay hands–slaughter) marks the progression from sin-offering (purgation) to burnt-offering (total self-dedication).
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσήγαγενbrought forwardAor Act Indic 3 Sg · προσάγωmain verb (presenting the ram)→ constative aoristπροσάγω: 'bring forward / present'; see v. 13.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: meaning 'Moses'; it serves as subject.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κριὸνramAccusativedirect object of προσήγαγεν→ object specificationκριός: 'ram'; see v. 2; the first of the two rams, here the burnt-offering ram (Exod 29:15–18).
τὸνthe (one)Accusativearticle (attributive, introducing prepositional modifier)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (purpose: 'for a burnt-offering')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς + acc.: 'for / as'; expresses purpose/destination; τὸν εἰς ὁλοκαύτωμα = 'the one for a whole burnt-offering,' designating the ram's sacrificial function.
ὁλοκαύτωμαwhole burnt-offeringAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationὁλοκαύτωμα: 'whole burnt-offering'; renders עֹלָה; from ὅλος ('whole') + καίω ('burn') — the offering in which the entire animal is consumed on the altar, symbolizing total dedication to God; the LXX's standard term for the עֹלָה.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέθηκενlaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (laying-on of hands; singular with compound subject)→ constative aoristἐπιτίθημι: see vv. 7, 14; the laying-on of hands repeated for the burnt-offering ram.
ΑαρωνAaronsubject of ἐπέθηκεν (indeclinable; nominative by context)→ participant identificationΑαρων: indeclinable; leading nominative subject.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject (coordinate with Ααρων)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; Aaron's sons share the gesture.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραςhandsAccusativedirect object of ἐπέθηκεν→ object specificationχείρ: 'hand'; see v. 14; the identifying gesture.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐπὶonpreposition + accusative (target of the gesture)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (target of the gesture).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλὴνheadAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationκεφαλή: 'head'; the point of contact for ritual identification (see v. 14).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κριοῦramGenitivegenitive of relationship ('the head of the ram')→ relational specificationκριός: 'ram'; see v. 2.
19
καὶ ἔσφαξεν Μωυσῆς τὸν κριόν καὶ προσέχεεν Μωυσῆς τὸ αἷμα ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον κύκλῳ
And Moses slaughtered the ram, and Moses dashed the blood on the altar round about.
Unlike the sin-offering (blood on the horns with the finger, v. 15), the burnt-offering's blood is simply dashed against the altar round about (προσέχεεν … κύκλῳ) — the standard manipulation for the עֹלָה (Lev 1:5). The double naming of Μωυσῆς in a short clause is characteristic of the LXX's repetitive narrative style here.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσφαξενslaughteredAor Act Indic 3 Sg · σφάζωmain verb (slaughter of the ram)→ constative aoristσφάζω: 'slay / slaughter'; see v. 15.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: meaning 'Moses'; it serves as subject.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κριόνramAccusativedirect object of ἔσφαξεν→ object specificationκριός: 'ram'; see v. 2.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσέχεενdashed / poured againstAor Act Indic 3 Sg · προσχέωmain verb (blood-manipulation)→ constative aoristπροσχέω: 'pour against / dash upon'; renders זָרַק; the προσ- ('toward') compound denotes throwing/dashing the blood against the sides of the altar — the prescribed manipulation for the burnt-offering (Lev 1:5), distinct from ἐκχέω (pouring at the base, v. 15).
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject (resumed)→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: meaning 'Moses'; it serves as subject (resumed).
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἷμαbloodAccusativedirect object of προσέχεεν→ object specificationαἷμα: 'blood'; see v. 15.
ἐπὶonpreposition + accusative (target)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (target).
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: see v. 11.
κύκλῳround aboutDativeadverbial dative ('on all sides')→ sphere or referenceκύκλος: 'circle'; adverbial κύκλῳ, 'round about'; see v. 15; the blood is dashed against all sides of the altar.
20
καὶ τὸν κριὸν ἐκρεανόμησεν κατὰ μέλη καὶ ἀνήνεγκεν Μωυσῆς τὴν κεφαλὴν καὶ τὰ μέλη καὶ τὸ στέαρ
And he cut the ram up into pieces, and Moses offered up the head and the pieces and the fat.
The burnt-offering ram is cut into its members (κατὰ μέλη) and the head, pieces, and fat are offered up. The whole animal will ascend (v. 21), defining the ὁλοκαύτωμα; the cutting κατὰ μέλη ('limb by limb') matches the prescription of Lev 1:6–9.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κριὸνramAccusativedirect object of ἐκρεανόμησεν (fronted)→ object specificationκριός: 'ram'; see v. 2.
ἐκρεανόμησενcut into piecesAor Act Indic 3 Sg · κρεανομέωmain verb (dismembering the ram)→ constative aorist (completed cutting)κρεανομέω: 'cut up flesh / divide into joints'; from κρέας ('flesh') + νέμω ('distribute'); a rare, technical butchering verb; renders נָתַח ('cut in pieces', Lev 1:6); the carcass is divided into its joints for the altar.
κατὰinto / according topreposition + accusative (distributive: 'limb by limb')→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: here distributive, 'according to / into (pieces)'; κατὰ μέλη = 'into its members / limb by limb,' the prescribed dismembering of the burnt-offering.
μέληmembers / piecesAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationμέλος: 'limb / member'; renders נֵתַח ('piece'); the body's parts; the same word Paul uses of the members of the body of Christ (1 Cor 12:12).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνήνεγκενoffered upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναφέρωmain verb (offering the parts on the altar)→ constative aoristἀναφέρω: 'offer up'; see v. 16; the parts of the ram are sent up in smoke on the altar.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: meaning 'Moses'; it serves as subject.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλὴνheadAccusativedirect object of ἀνήνεγκεν→ object specificationκεφαλή: 'head'; here a part of the offered animal, sent up with the rest.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μέληpiecesAccusativedirect object (coordinate)→ object specificationμέλος: 'member / piece'; see above; the dismembered joints offered up.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στέαρfatAccusativedirect object (coordinate)→ object specificationστέαρ: 'fat'; see v. 16; the fat of the ram, offered with the rest — in the whole burnt-offering, unlike the sin-offering, the entire animal ascends.
21
καὶ τὴν κοιλίαν καὶ τοὺς πόδας ἔπλυνεν ὕδατι καὶ ἀνήνεγκεν Μωυσῆς ὅλον τὸν κριὸν ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον ὁλοκαύτωμα ὅ ἐστιν εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας κάρπωμά ἐστιν τῷ κυρίῳ καθάπερ ἐνετείλατο κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ
And the belly and the feet he washed with water, and Moses offered up the whole ram on the altar; it is a whole burnt-offering, which is for a fragrance of sweet savor; it is an offering to the LORD, just as the LORD commanded Moses.
The entrails and legs are washed and the whole ram (ὅλον τὸν κριόν) ascends — the defining feature of the ὁλοκαύτωμα. The verse climaxes in the classic acceptance-formula ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας ('fragrance of sweet savor', rendering רֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ), with the offering termed κάρπωμα ('offering by fire'); the obedience-refrain (καθάπερ form) closes the section.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κοιλίανbelly / entrailsAccusativedirect object of ἔπλυνεν (fronted)→ object specificationκοιλία: 'belly / inward parts'; renders קֶרֶב; the abdominal cavity and its contents, washed before being offered (Lev 1:9).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόδαςfeet / legsAccusativedirect object (coordinate)→ object specificationπούς: 'foot / leg'; renders כֶּרַע; the lower legs, washed with the entrails before being offered up (Lev 1:9).
ἔπλυνενwashedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · πλύνωmain verb (washing the parts)→ constative aorist (completed washing)πλύνω: 'wash (objects, not the body)'; renders רָחַץ here; distinct from λούω (washing the body, v. 6) and νίπτω; the entrails and legs are rinsed so that the whole animal may ascend in purity.
ὕδατιwith waterDativedative of means ('with water')→ sphere or referenceὕδωρ: 'water'; see v. 6; instrumental dative.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνήνεγκενoffered upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναφέρωmain verb (offering the whole ram)→ constative aoristἀναφέρω: 'offer up'; see v. 16; here the whole ram ascends, completing the burnt-offering.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: meaning 'Moses'; it serves as subject.
ὅλονwholeAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying κριόν)→ object specificationὅλος: 'whole / entire'; renders כָּלִיל / כֹּל; 'the whole ram' makes explicit the totality of the ὁλοκαύτωμα — the entire animal, nothing reserved, is given to God.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κριὸνramAccusativedirect object of ἀνήνεγκεν→ object specificationκριός: 'ram'; see v. 2.
ἐπὶonpreposition + accusative (target)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (target).
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: see v. 11.
ὁλοκαύτωμαwhole burnt-offeringNominativepredicate nominative / appositive ('it is a whole burnt-offering')→ participant prominenceὁλοκαύτωμα: 'whole burnt-offering'; see v. 18; here in apposition, identifying the completed act as an עֹלָה.
ὅwhichNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἐστιν)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun, neuter, agreeing with ὁλοκαύτωμα; introduces the explanatory relative clause.
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula (in relative clause)→ stative present (identifying the offering's character)εἰμί: 'be'; the copula characterizes the offering as 'for a fragrance of sweet savor.'
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (purpose/result)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς + acc.: 'for / unto'; here of resulting effect — the offering produces 'a fragrance of sweet savor' pleasing to God.
ὀσμὴνfragrance / smellAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationὀσμή: 'odor / fragrance'; renders רֵיחַ; the phrase ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας ('fragrance of sweet savor') is the classic LXX acceptance-formula (רֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ), signifying that God receives the offering with favor; Paul applies it to Christ's self-offering (Eph 5:2) and to gospel ministry (2 Cor 2:15).
εὐωδίαςof sweet savorGenitivegenitive of quality ('fragrance of sweetness')→ relational specificationεὐωδία: 'sweet smell / fragrance'; from εὖ ('well') + ὄζω ('smell'); the genitive ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας is a Hebraizing construct, 'a pleasing aroma'; the formula marks divine acceptance of the sacrifice.
κάρπωμάoffering by fireNominativepredicate nominative ('it is an offering')→ participant prominenceκάρπωμα: 'burnt-offering / offering by fire'; renders אִשֶּׁה ('fire-offering'); from καρπόω ('offer as fruit/produce'); the term designates that portion given over to God by burning; the retained acute (κάρπωμά ἐστιν) marks the following enclitic ἐστιν.
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula ('it is an offering to the LORD')→ stative presentεἰμί: 'be'; the copula declares the offering's dedication to YHWH.
τῷthe (to)Dativearticle (with κυρίῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of advantage/recipient ('an offering to the LORD')→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the dative of recipient — the offering is wholly given to YHWH, the proper object of the whole burnt-offering.
καθάπερjust ascomparative conjunction (obedience-refrain)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθάπερ: 'just as'; see v. 13; the obedience-refrain.
ἐνετείλατοcommandedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιverb of comparative clause→ constative aoristἐντέλλομαι: 'command'; see v. 5; here in the obedience-refrain (varying συντάσσω).
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of ἐνετείλατο→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה.
τῷthe (to)Dativearticle (with Μωυσῇ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜωυσῇMosesDativedative indirect object→ sphere or referenceΜωυσῆς: dative Μωυσῇ.
22
καὶ προσήγαγεν Μωυσῆς τὸν κριὸν τὸν δεύτερον κριὸν τελειώσεως καὶ ἐπέθηκεν Ααρων καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῶν ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν τοῦ κριοῦ
And Moses brought forward the second ram, the ram of consecration, and Aaron and his sons laid their hands on the head of the ram.
The chapter's central rite begins: the κριὸς τελειώσεως ('ram of consecration / perfecting'), the offering that gives the whole liturgy its name. τελείωσις renders Hebrew מִלֻּאִים ('filling [of the hands]'), the technical term for installation into priestly office. Again hands are laid on the victim's head — the priests are bound to the offering by which they are 'perfected.'
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσήγαγενbrought forwardAor Act Indic 3 Sg · προσάγωmain verb (presenting the ram)→ constative aoristπροσάγω: 'bring forward'; see v. 13.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: meaning 'Moses'; it serves as subject.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κριὸνramAccusativedirect object of προσήγαγεν→ object specificationκριός: 'ram'; see v. 2; the second of the two rams.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (attributive with δεύτερον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεύτερονsecondAccusativeattributive adjective (ordinal: 'the second ram')→ object specificationδεύτερος: 'second'; renders שֵׁנִי; distinguishes this ram from the burnt-offering ram of vv. 18–21.
κριὸνramAccusativeaccusative in apposition ('a ram of consecration')→ object specificationκριός: 'ram'; the appositional κριὸν τελειώσεως names the ram by its function in the ordination.
τελειώσεωςof consecration / perfectingGenitivegenitive of purpose/quality ('ram of consecration')→ relational specificationτελείωσις: 'completion / perfection / consecration'; the LXX's rendering of מִלֻּאִים ('fillings [of the hand]'), the technical term for priestly installation; from τελειόω ('bring to completion'); the phrase κριὸς τελειώσεως is the leitmotif of the chapter, and the word-group seeds the priestly Christology of Hebrews (τετελειωμένον, Heb 7:28; cf. 2:10; 5:9).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέθηκενlaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (laying-on of hands; singular with compound subject)→ constative aoristἐπιτίθημι: see vv. 7, 14; the laying-on of hands for the consecration ram.
ΑαρωνAaronsubject of ἐπέθηκεν (indeclinable; nominative by context)→ participant identificationΑαρων: indeclinable; leading nominative subject.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject (coordinate with Ααρων)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the sons share the gesture.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραςhandsAccusativedirect object of ἐπέθηκεν→ object specificationχείρ: 'hand'; see v. 14; the identifying gesture, here on the very ram whose τελείωσις 'fills their hands' for office.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐπὶonpreposition + accusative (target of the gesture)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (target of the gesture).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλὴνheadAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationκεφαλή: 'head'; the point of contact for ritual identification (see v. 14).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κριοῦramGenitivegenitive of relationship ('the head of the ram')→ relational specificationκριός: 'ram'; see v. 2.
23
καὶ ἔσφαξεν αὐτὸν καὶ ἔλαβεν Μωυσῆς ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπέθηκεν ἐπὶ τὸν λοβὸν τοῦ ὠτὸς Ααρων τοῦ δεξιοῦ καὶ ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρον τῆς χειρὸς τῆς δεξιᾶς καὶ ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρον τοῦ ποδὸς τοῦ δεξιοῦ
And he slaughtered it, and Moses took some of its blood and put it on the lobe of Aaron's right ear, and on the tip of his right hand, and on the tip of his right foot.
The distinctive consecration blood-rite: blood is applied to the extremities — right ear, right hand (thumb), right foot (big toe). The rite claims the whole priestly person for sacral service: the ear that hears God's word, the hand that performs the ministry, the foot that walks in the holy place. The right side (δεξιός) signifies honor and strength.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσφαξενslaughteredAor Act Indic 3 Sg · σφάζωmain verb (slaughter of the ram)→ constative aoristσφάζω: 'slaughter'; see v. 15.
αὐτὸνitAccusativedirect object of ἔσφαξεν (the ram)→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἔσφαξεν (the ram).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβενtookAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (taking the blood)→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: 'take'; see v. 10.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: meaning 'Moses'; it serves as subject.
ἀπὸsome ofpreposition + genitive (partitive)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: partitive; see v. 10.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἵματοςbloodGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (partitive)→ relational specificationαἷμα: 'blood'; see v. 15; the consecration blood now applied to the priest's body.
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive of possession (the ram's blood)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (the ram's blood).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέθηκενputAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (applying blood to the extremities)→ constative aoristἐπιτίθημι: 'put upon'; see v. 7; the blood is applied to the ear, hand, and foot.
ἐπὶonpreposition + accusative (target)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (target).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λοβὸνlobeAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationλοβός: 'lobe'; see v. 16; here the lobe of the ear (תְּנוּךְ אֹזֶן); the same anatomical term used for the lobe of the liver, applied to the ear's lower fold.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὠτὸςearGenitivegenitive of relationship ('lobe of the ear')→ relational specificationοὖς (gen. ὠτός): 'ear'; renders אֹזֶן; the consecrated ear signifies the priest's attentiveness to hear and obey God's word; blood on the ear claims the faculty of hearing for sacral service.
Ααρωνof Aarongenitive of possession (indeclinable: 'Aaron's ear')→ participant identificationΑαρων: indeclinable; genitive, 'of Aaron.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (attributive with δεξιοῦ)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεξιοῦrightGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying ὠτός: 'the right ear')→ relational specificationδεξιός: 'right (hand/side)'; renders יָמִין; the right side connotes honor, strength, and favor; the consecration touches the right extremities specifically, marking the priest's whole capacity for honored service.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶonpreposition + accusative (target)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (target).
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄκρονtip / extremityAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationἄκρον: 'tip / extremity / topmost point'; renders בֹּהֶן ('thumb / big toe'); 'the tip of the hand' = the thumb; blood on the hand claims the priest's action and ministry for God.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειρὸςhandGenitivegenitive of relationship ('tip of the hand' = thumb)→ relational specificationχείρ: 'hand'; see v. 14; the consecrated hand signifies the priest's works of ministry; the τελείωσις 'fills the hand' (cf. v. 33).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (attributive with δεξιᾶς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεξιᾶςrightGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying χειρός: 'the right hand')→ relational specificationδεξιός: 'right'; see above; the right hand of honor and strength.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶonpreposition + accusative (target)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (target).
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄκρονtip / extremityAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationἄκρον: 'tip'; see above; 'the tip of the foot' = the big toe; blood on the foot claims the priest's walk and standing in the sanctuary for God.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποδὸςfootGenitivegenitive of relationship ('tip of the foot' = big toe)→ relational specificationπούς (gen. ποδός): 'foot'; see v. 21; the consecrated foot signifies the priest's holy walk and access to the sanctuary.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (attributive with δεξιοῦ)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεξιοῦrightGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying ποδός: 'the right foot')→ relational specificationδεξιός: 'right'; see above; ear, hand, and foot all on the right side — the side of honor — gathering the whole priestly person into consecration.
24
καὶ προσήγαγεν Μωυσῆς τοὺς υἱοὺς Ααρων καὶ ἐπέθηκεν Μωυσῆς ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος ἐπὶ τοὺς λοβοὺς τῶν ὤτων τῶν δεξιῶν καὶ ἐπὶ τὰ ἄκρα τῶν χειρῶν αὐτῶν τῶν δεξιῶν καὶ ἐπὶ τὰ ἄκρα τῶν ποδῶν αὐτῶν τῶν δεξιῶν καὶ προσέχεεν Μωυσῆς τὸ αἷμα ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον κύκλῳ
And Moses brought forward the sons of Aaron, and Moses put some of the blood on the lobes of their right ears, and on the tips of their right hands, and on the tips of their right feet; and Moses dashed the blood on the altar round about.
The same consecration blood-rite is now applied to Aaron's sons (plural extremities: ears, hands, feet), incorporating them into the priesthood by the identical claim on hearing, action, and walk. The remaining blood is dashed against the altar round about (προσέχεεν … κύκλῳ), uniting priest and altar in the one consecration.
Word-by-word analysis· 46 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσήγαγενbrought forwardAor Act Indic 3 Sg · προσάγωmain verb (presenting the sons)→ constative aoristπροσάγω: 'bring forward'; see v. 13.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: meaning 'Moses'; it serves as subject.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὺςsonsAccusativedirect object of προσήγαγεν→ object specificationυἱός: 'son'; Aaron's sons brought forward for the same blood-rite.
Ααρωνof Aarongenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'sons of Aaron')→ participant identificationΑαρων: indeclinable; genitive.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέθηκενputAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (applying blood to the sons' extremities)→ constative aoristἐπιτίθημι: 'put upon'; see v. 7; the blood-rite extended to the sons.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject (resumed)→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: meaning 'Moses'; it serves as subject (resumed).
ἀπὸsome ofpreposition + genitive (partitive)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: partitive; see v. 10.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἵματοςbloodGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (partitive)→ relational specificationαἷμα: 'blood'; see v. 15.
ἐπὶonpreposition + accusative (target)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (target).
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λοβοὺςlobesAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationλοβός: 'lobe'; see vv. 16, 23; plural for the several sons' ears.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὤτωνearsGenitivegenitive of relationship ('lobes of the ears')→ relational specificationοὖς (pl. gen. ὤτων): 'ear'; see v. 23; the sons' right ears consecrated for hearing.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (attributive with δεξιῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεξιῶνrightGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying ὤτων: 'the right ears')→ relational specificationδεξιός: 'right'; see v. 23; the right side of honor, here plural for the sons.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶonpreposition + accusative (target)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (target).
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄκραtipsAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationἄκρον: 'tip'; see v. 23; plural for the sons' thumbs.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειρῶνhandsGenitivegenitive of relationship ('tips of the hands')→ relational specificationχείρ: 'hand'; see v. 14; the sons' right hands consecrated for ministry.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (attributive with δεξιῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεξιῶνrightGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying χειρῶν: 'the right hands')→ relational specificationδεξιός: 'right'; see v. 23.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶonpreposition + accusative (target)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (target).
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄκραtipsAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationἄκρον: 'tip'; see v. 23; plural for the sons' big toes.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποδῶνfeetGenitivegenitive of relationship ('tips of the feet')→ relational specificationπούς (pl. gen. ποδῶν): 'foot'; see v. 21; the sons' right feet consecrated for their holy walk.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (attributive with δεξιῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεξιῶνrightGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying ποδῶν: 'the right feet')→ relational specificationδεξιός: 'right'; see v. 23.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσέχεενdashedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · προσχέωmain verb (blood-manipulation on the altar)→ constative aoristπροσχέω: 'dash / pour against'; see v. 19; the remaining blood is dashed against the altar, uniting the consecration of the priests with the altar.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject (resumed)→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: meaning 'Moses'; it serves as subject (resumed).
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἷμαbloodAccusativedirect object of προσέχεεν→ object specificationαἷμα: 'blood'; see v. 15.
ἐπὶonpreposition + accusative (target)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (target).
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: see v. 11.
κύκλῳround aboutDativeadverbial dative ('on all sides')→ sphere or referenceκύκλος: 'circle'; adverbial κύκλῳ; see vv. 15, 19.
25
καὶ ἔλαβεν τὸ στέαρ καὶ τὴν ὀσφὺν καὶ τὸ στέαρ τὸ ἐπὶ τῆς κοιλίας καὶ τὸν λοβὸν τοῦ ἥπατος καὶ τοὺς δύο νεφροὺς καὶ τὸ στέαρ τὸ ἐπ᾿ αὐτῶν καὶ τὸν βραχίονα τὸν δεξιόν
And he took the fat and the loin and the fat that was on the belly and the lobe of the liver and the two kidneys and the fat that was on them and the right shoulder.
Moses gathers the fat portions plus the right shoulder (βραχίων δεξιός) of the consecration ram. Unlike the burnt-offering ram (wholly burned) or the sin-offering bull (carcass destroyed), this ram's choice parts are first elevated as a wave-offering (vv. 26–27) before being burned (v. 28). The right shoulder is the portion of special honor (cf. Lev 7:32).
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβενtookAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (gathering the portions)→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: 'take'; see v. 10.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στέαρfatAccusativedirect object of ἔλαβεν→ object specificationστέαρ: 'fat'; see v. 16.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀσφὺνloin / fat tailAccusativedirect object (coordinate)→ object specificationὀσφῦς: 'loin / hip'; renders אַלְיָה ('fat tail') here; the fat tail of the ram, a prized portion in Near Eastern sheep; ὀσφῦς later denotes the loins as the seat of generative strength (Heb 7:5, 10).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στέαρfatAccusativedirect object (coordinate)→ object specificationστέαρ: 'fat'; see v. 16.
τὸthe (that)Accusativearticle (attributive)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (location).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κοιλίαςbellyGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί ('the fat on the belly')→ relational specificationκοιλία: 'belly'; see v. 21; the fat covering the entrails.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λοβὸνlobeAccusativedirect object (coordinate)→ object specificationλοβός: 'lobe'; see v. 16; the lobe of the liver.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἥπατοςliverGenitivegenitive of relationship ('lobe of the liver')→ relational specificationἧπαρ: 'liver'; see v. 16.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύοtwoAccusativenumeral (modifying νεφρούς)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; indeclinable; both kidneys, as in v. 16.
νεφροὺςkidneysAccusativedirect object (coordinate)→ object specificationνεφρός: 'kidney'; see v. 16.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στέαρfatAccusativedirect object (coordinate)→ object specificationστέαρ: 'fat'; see v. 16; the fat on the kidneys.
τὸthe (that)Accusativearticle (attributive)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπ᾿onpreposition + genitive (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐπ᾿: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (location).
αὐτῶνthemGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (the kidneys)→ relational specificationαὐτός: refers to the kidneys; cf. v. 16.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βραχίοναshoulder / armAccusativedirect object (coordinate)→ object specificationβραχίων: 'arm / shoulder / foreleg'; renders שׁוֹק ('thigh / leg') here; the right shoulder/thigh is the portion of honor reserved at the consecration (cf. Lev 7:32–33); βραχίων also renders זְרוֹעַ in the idiom of God's 'mighty arm.'
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (attributive with δεξιόν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεξιόνrightAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying βραχίονα: 'the right shoulder')→ object specificationδεξιός: 'right'; see v. 23; the right shoulder of honor, the special portion of the consecration ram.
26
καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ κανοῦ τῆς τελειώσεως τοῦ ὄντος ἔναντι κυρίου ἔλαβεν ἄρτον ἕνα ἄζυμον καὶ ἄρτον ἐξ ἐλαίου ἕνα καὶ λάγανον ἓν καὶ ἐπέθηκεν ἐπὶ τὸ στέαρ καὶ τὸν βραχίονα τὸν δεξιόν
And from the basket of consecration that was before the LORD he took one unleavened loaf, and one loaf made with oil, and one wafer, and placed them on the fat and the right shoulder.
Three breads from the basket of consecration — an unleavened loaf, an oiled loaf, and a wafer (cf. Exod 29:23) — are added to the fat and shoulder. The basket stands ἔναντι κυρίου ('before the LORD'), the participial phrase τοῦ ὄντος marking its placement in the divine presence. Bread and flesh together form the wave-portion.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: 'from'; here source ('from the basket'), the breads taken out of the basket of consecration.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κανοῦbasketGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό→ relational specificationκανοῦν: 'basket'; see v. 2; the basket holding the consecration breads.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τελειώσεωςof consecrationGenitivegenitive of quality ('basket of consecration')→ relational specificationτελείωσις: 'consecration / perfecting'; see v. 22; the basket belongs to the consecration ritual (κανοῦν τῆς τελειώσεως).
τοῦthe (that)Genitivearticle (attributive with participle ὄντος)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄντοςbeing / that wasPres Act Part Gen Sg Neut · εἰμίattributive participle (modifying κανοῦ: 'the basket that was before the LORD')→ present participle (concurrent state: standing before the LORD)εἰμί (pres. ptcp.): the attributive participle τοῦ ὄντος ('which is/was') locates the basket ἔναντι κυρίου, in the divine presence; the breads are thus drawn from what already stands before God.
ἔναντιbeforepreposition + genitive (in the presence of)→ spatial or relational framingἔναντι: 'before / in the presence of'; renders לִפְנֵי; the basket is set before YHWH; ἔναντι κυρίου recurs in the wave-rite (vv. 27, 29) marking the offering's presentation to God.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἔναντι→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; 'before the LORD' = in the divine presence at the sanctuary.
ἔλαβενtookAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (taking the breads)→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: 'take'; see v. 10.
ἄρτονloafAccusativedirect object of ἔλαβεν→ object specificationἄρτος: 'bread / loaf'; renders לֶחֶם / חַלָּה; the staple bread; here the first of the three consecration breads.
ἕναoneAccusativenumeral (modifying ἄρτον)→ measure or countεἷς: 'one'; renders אֶחָד; 'one loaf,' specifying a single item of each kind.
ἄζυμονunleavenedAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἄρτον)→ object specificationἄζυμος: 'unleavened'; see v. 2; the plain unleavened loaf (חַלַּת לֶחֶם, Exod 29:23).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄρτονloafAccusativedirect object (coordinate)→ object specificationἄρτος: 'loaf'; see above; the second bread, made with oil.
ἐξof / made withpreposition + genitive (material/composition)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ + gen.: 'out of / made with'; ἄρτον ἐξ ἐλαίου = 'a loaf made with oil' (חַלַּת לֶחֶם שֶׁמֶן, Exod 29:23), an oil-enriched bread.
ἐλαίουoilGenitivegenitive object of ἐξ (material)→ relational specificationἔλαιον: 'oil'; see v. 2; here ordinary baking oil, distinguishing this loaf from the plain unleavened one.
ἕναoneAccusativenumeral (modifying ἄρτον)→ measure or countεἷς: 'one'; see above.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λάγανονwafer / thin cakeAccusativedirect object (coordinate)→ object specificationλάγανον: 'thin flat cake / wafer'; renders רָקִיק; a flat unleavened wafer (cf. Exod 29:23); the third of the consecration breads.
ἓνoneAccusativenumeral (modifying λάγανον)→ measure or countεἷς (neut. ἕν): 'one'; 'one wafer,' completing the triad of breads.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέθηκενplacedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (placing breads on the portions)→ constative aoristἐπιτίθημι: 'place upon'; see v. 7; the breads are set atop the fat and shoulder to form the wave-portion.
ἐπὶonpreposition + accusative (target)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (target).
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στέαρfatAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationστέαρ: 'fat'; see v. 16; the fat portions of v. 25, now joined with the breads.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βραχίοναshoulderAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (coordinate)→ object specificationβραχίων: 'shoulder'; see v. 25; the right shoulder beneath the breads.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (attributive with δεξιόν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεξιόνrightAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying βραχίονα)→ object specificationδεξιός: 'right'; see v. 23; the right shoulder of honor.
27
καὶ ἐπέθηκεν ἅπαντα ἐπὶ τὰς χεῖρας Ααρων καὶ ἐπὶ τὰς χεῖρας τῶν υἱῶν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀνήνεγκεν αὐτὰ ἀφαίρεμα ἔναντι κυρίου
And he placed all of them on the hands of Aaron and on the hands of his sons, and offered them up as a removal-offering before the LORD.
Here the τελείωσις literally 'fills the hands': the portions are placed on the hands of Aaron and his sons and elevated as an ἀφαίρεμα ('removal/wave-offering') before the LORD. This is the climactic moment of the 'filling of the hands' idiom (מִלֻּאִים) — the priests' hands, full of the offering, are presented to God, enacting their installation into office.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέθηκενplacedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (placing portions on the hands)→ constative aoristἐπιτίθημι: 'place upon'; see v. 7; here the decisive 'filling of the hands' — the portions placed on the priests' hands enact the מִלֻּאִים idiom underlying τελείωσις.
ἅπανταall (of them)Accusativesubstantival adjective (direct object: 'all the portions')→ object specificationἅπας: 'all / the whole'; the strengthened form of πᾶς; 'all of them' = the fat, shoulder, and breads together, placed as a single mass on the hands.
ἐπὶonpreposition + accusative (target)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (target).
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραςhandsAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationχείρ: 'hand'; see v. 14; the priests' hands are 'filled' with the offering — the etymological heart of the τελείωσις/מִלֻּאִים idiom.
Ααρωνof Aarongenitive of possession (indeclinable: 'Aaron's hands')→ participant identificationΑαρων: indeclinable; genitive.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶonpreposition + accusative (target)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (target).
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραςhandsAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationχείρ: 'hand'; see v. 14; the sons' hands likewise filled.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive of possession ('the hands of the sons')→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; the sons share in the filling of hands, installed alongside Aaron.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνήνεγκενoffered up / elevatedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναφέρωmain verb (elevating the wave-offering)→ constative aoristἀναφέρω: 'offer up / lift up'; see v. 16; here of the elevation/wave gesture (rendering הֵנִיף, 'wave'), lifting the offering up before God in dedication.
αὐτὰthemAccusativedirect object of ἀνήνεγκεν→ participant referenceαὐτὰ: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἀνήνεγκεν.
ἀφαίρεμαremoval-offering / wave-offeringAccusativeaccusative in apposition / predicate ('as a removal-offering')→ object specificationἀφαίρεμα: 'that which is removed / set apart; a contribution / wave-offering'; renders תְּנוּפָה ('wave-offering'); from ἀφαιρέω ('take away / set apart'); the portion lifted up and dedicated to God, then assigned to the priests' or Moses' use.
ἔναντιbeforepreposition + genitive (in the presence of)→ spatial or relational framingἔναντι: 'before / in the presence of'; see v. 26; the wave-offering is presented in the divine presence.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἔναντι→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; 'before the LORD.'
28
καὶ ἔλαβεν Μωυσῆς ἀπὸ τῶν χειρῶν αὐτῶν καὶ ἀνήνεγκεν αὐτὰ Μωυσῆς ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον ἐπὶ τὸ ὁλοκαύτωμα τῆς τελειώσεως ὅ ἐστιν ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας κάρπωμά ἐστιν τῷ κυρίῳ
And Moses took them from their hands and offered them up on the altar, upon the whole burnt-offering of consecration; it is a fragrance of sweet savor, it is an offering to the LORD.
After the elevation, Moses takes the portions back from the priests' hands and burns them on the altar atop the burnt-offering — the ὁλοκαύτωμα τῆς τελειώσεως ('burnt-offering of consecration'). The acceptance-formula ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας … κάρπωμα recurs (cf. v. 21), declaring the consecration offering received with favor by YHWH.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβενtookAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (taking the portions back)→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: 'take'; see v. 10; Moses receives the elevated portions back from the priests' hands for burning.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: meaning 'Moses'; it serves as subject.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: 'from'; source — taken from the priests' hands.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειρῶνhandsGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό→ relational specificationχείρ: 'hand'; see v. 14; the now-filled hands from which Moses receives the offering.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνήνεγκενoffered upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναφέρωmain verb (burning the portions on the altar)→ constative aoristἀναφέρω: 'offer up'; see v. 16; the portions are now sent up in smoke on the altar.
αὐτὰthemAccusativedirect object of ἀνήνεγκεν→ participant referenceαὐτὰ: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἀνήνεγκεν.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject (resumed)→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: meaning 'Moses'; it serves as subject (resumed).
ἐπὶonpreposition + accusative (target)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (target).
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: see v. 11.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (position: 'upon the burnt-offering')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: 'upon'; the consecration portions are placed atop the burnt-offering already on the altar.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁλοκαύτωμαwhole burnt-offeringAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationὁλοκαύτωμα: 'whole burnt-offering'; see v. 18; the burnt-offering of v. 21, upon which the consecration portions are burned.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τελειώσεωςof consecrationGenitivegenitive of quality ('burnt-offering of consecration')→ relational specificationτελείωσις: 'consecration'; see v. 22; the burnt-offering belongs to the τελείωσις-rite that installs the priesthood.
ὅwhichNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἐστιν)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun, neuter; see v. 21; introduces the acceptance-formula.
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula→ stative presentεἰμί: 'be'; see v. 21.
ὀσμὴfragranceNominativepredicate nominative ('it is a fragrance')→ participant prominenceὀσμή: 'fragrance / odor'; see v. 21; here nominative in the predicate, the acceptance-formula ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας.
εὐωδίαςof sweet savorGenitivegenitive of quality ('fragrance of sweetness')→ relational specificationεὐωδία: 'sweet smell'; see v. 21; the pleasing aroma marking divine acceptance.
κάρπωμάoffering by fireNominativepredicate nominative ('it is an offering')→ participant prominenceκάρπωμα: 'offering by fire'; see v. 21; the consecration offering dedicated to God by burning.
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula ('it is an offering to the LORD')→ stative presentεἰμί: 'be'; see v. 21.
τῷthe (to)Dativearticle (with κυρίῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of recipient ('an offering to the LORD')→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the offering is given wholly to YHWH.
29
καὶ λαβὼν Μωυσῆς τὸ στηθύνιον ἀφεῖλεν αὐτὸ ἐπίθεμα ἔναντι κυρίου ἀπὸ τοῦ κριοῦ τῆς τελειώσεως καὶ ἐγένετο Μωυσῇ ἐν μερίδι καθὰ ἐνετείλατο κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ
And Moses, taking the breast, removed it as an elevation-offering before the LORD from the ram of consecration, and it became Moses' portion, just as the LORD commanded Moses.
Moses, acting as the officiating priest of this unique ordination, receives the breast (στηθύνιον) as his portion — elevated as an ἐπίθεμα ('that which is set on/lifted up') before the LORD. The clause ἐγένετο Μωυσῇ ἐν μερίδι ('became Moses' portion') is a Hebraism (הָיָה לְ + מָנָה). The obedience-refrain (καθά form) closes the unit.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λαβὼνtakingAor Act Part Nom Sg Masc · λαμβάνωcircumstantial participle (attendant action: 'having taken')→ aorist participle (antecedent/coincident action to ἀφεῖλεν)λαμβάνω (aor. ptcp.): 'take'; the circumstantial participle λαβών ('taking / having taken') subordinates the taking to the main act of removal (ἀφεῖλεν); a more literary construction than the paratactic καί-chains elsewhere.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: meaning 'Moses'; it serves as subject.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στηθύνιονbreastAccusativeobject of λαβών→ object specificationστηθύνιον: 'breast (of an animal)'; diminutive of στῆθος; renders חָזֶה; the breast of the consecration ram, the wave-portion assigned to the officiant — here to Moses, who uniquely officiates the ordination (Exod 29:26).
ἀφεῖλενremoved / took awayAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀφαιρέωmain verb (removing the breast as a portion)→ constative aorist (completed removal)ἀφαιρέω: 'take away / remove / set apart'; renders הֵנִיף / הֵרִים; cognate with ἀφαίρεμα (v. 27); the breast is 'lifted off / set apart' as the officiant's portion through the elevation gesture.
αὐτὸitAccusativedirect object of ἀφεῖλεν→ participant referenceαὐτὸ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἀφεῖλεν.
ἐπίθεμαelevation-offeringAccusativeaccusative in apposition ('as an elevation-offering')→ object specificationἐπίθεμα: 'that which is placed on / a lifted-up offering'; from ἐπιτίθημι; here the wave/elevation offering (תְּנוּפָה), the breast lifted up before God and then assigned to the officiant; a near-synonym of ἀφαίρεμα (v. 27).
ἔναντιbeforepreposition + genitive (in the presence of)→ spatial or relational framingἔναντι: 'before'; see v. 26; the breast is elevated in the divine presence.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἔναντι→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: 'from'; source — the breast taken from the consecration ram.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κριοῦramGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό→ relational specificationκριός: 'ram'; see v. 2.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τελειώσεωςof consecrationGenitivegenitive of quality ('ram of consecration')→ relational specificationτελείωσις: 'consecration'; see v. 22; the κριὸς τελειώσεως, source of Moses' portion.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοbecameAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (the breast becoming Moses' portion)→ constative aorist (resultant assignment)γίνομαι: 'become / come to be'; the construction ἐγένετο Μωυσῇ ἐν μερίδι ('became to Moses as a portion') renders the Hebrew הָיָה לְ ('became to/for'); the breast is assigned to Moses as the officiant's due.
Μωυσῇto MosesDativedative of advantage (recipient of the portion)→ sphere or referenceΜωυσῆς: dative Μωυσῇ (without article here); the recipient of the priestly portion.
ἐνas / forpreposition + dative (Hebraizing 'as a portion')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: here a Hebraizing 'as / for' (rendering בְּ of essence/role); ἐν μερίδι = 'as a portion,' the predicate of ἐγένετο.
μερίδιportion / shareDativedative object of ἐν ('as a portion')→ sphere or referenceμερίς: 'portion / share / allotment'; renders מָנָה / חֵלֶק; the assigned share of the offering; the same word for the believer's 'portion' in the saints' inheritance (Col 1:12).
καθὰjust ascomparative conjunction (obedience-refrain)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθά: 'just as / according as'; a variant of the obedience-refrain (cf. ὃν τρόπον, καθάπερ); introduces 'just as the LORD commanded Moses.'
ἐνετείλατοcommandedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιverb of comparative clause→ constative aoristἐντέλλομαι: 'command'; see v. 5; the obedience-refrain verb.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of ἐνετείλατο→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה.
τῷthe (to)Dativearticle (with Μωυσῇ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜωυσῇMosesDativedative indirect object→ sphere or referenceΜωυσῆς: dative Μωυσῇ; recipient of the command in the refrain.
30
καὶ ἔλαβεν Μωυσῆς ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐλαίου τῆς χρίσεως καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος τοῦ ἐπὶ τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου καὶ προσέρρανεν ἐπὶ Ααρων καὶ τὰς στολὰς αὐτοῦ καὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰς στολὰς τῶν υἱῶν αὐτοῦ μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἡγίασεν Ααρων καὶ τὰς στολὰς αὐτοῦ καὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰς στολὰς τῶν υἱῶν αὐτοῦ μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ
And Moses took some of the oil of anointing and some of the blood that was on the altar, and sprinkled it on Aaron and his robes, and his sons and the robes of his sons with him; and he hallowed Aaron and his robes, and his sons and the robes of his sons with him.
The consecration culminates in a combined aspersion of anointing oil and altar-blood upon Aaron, his sons, and all their vestments (προσέρρανεν … ἡγίασεν). The dual medium — oil (consecration) and blood (atonement) — together sanctifies persons and garments. The verse is heavily repetitive (the fourfold list given twice), an emphatic Hebraic doubling underscoring the completeness of the sanctification.
Word-by-word analysis· 55 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβενtookAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (taking oil and blood)→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: 'take'; see v. 10.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: meaning 'Moses'; it serves as subject.
ἀπὸsome ofpreposition + genitive (partitive)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: partitive; see v. 10.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλαίουoilGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (partitive)→ relational specificationἔλαιον: 'oil'; see v. 2; the anointing oil, here mixed with blood for the final aspersion.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρίσεωςof anointingGenitivegenitive of quality→ relational specificationχρῖσις: 'anointing'; see v. 2.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸsome ofpreposition + genitive (partitive)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: partitive; see v. 10.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἵματοςbloodGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (partitive)→ relational specificationαἷμα: 'blood'; see v. 15; the altar-blood, combined with oil for the consecrating aspersion.
τοῦthe (that)Genitivearticle (attributive, introducing prepositional modifier)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (location of the blood)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (location of the blood).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστηρίουaltarGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί ('the blood on the altar')→ relational specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar'; see v. 11; the blood already dashed on the altar (vv. 19, 24) is taken up for the sanctifying aspersion, uniting altar and priest.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσέρρανενsprinkledAor Act Indic 3 Sg · προσραίνωmain verb (sprinkling oil and blood)→ constative aorist (completed aspersion)προσραίνω: 'sprinkle upon'; the προσ- compound of ῥαίνω (v. 11); renders הִזָּה; the mixed oil-and-blood is sprinkled on the priests and their garments to sanctify them.
ἐπὶonpreposition + accusative (target)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (target).
ΑαρωνAaronaccusative object of ἐπί (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑαρων: indeclinable; the object of the sprinkling, here accusative.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στολὰςrobesAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (coordinate)→ object specificationστολή: 'robe / vestment'; see v. 2; the high-priestly garments, sanctified along with their wearer.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὺςsonsAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (coordinate)→ object specificationυἱός: 'son'; Aaron's sons sprinkled with him.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στολὰςrobesAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (coordinate)→ object specificationστολή: 'robe'; see v. 2; the sons' vestments.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive of possession ('the robes of the sons')→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; the sons' garments sanctified.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
μετ᾿withpreposition + genitive (accompaniment: 'with him')→ spatial or relational framingμετά + gen.: 'with'; μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ ('with him') gathers the sons and their garments together with Aaron in the one act of sanctification.
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive object of μετά→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of μετά.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡγίασενhallowedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἁγιάζωmain verb (sanctifying priests and vestments)→ constative aoristἁγιάζω: 'sanctify'; see v. 11; the aspersion of oil and blood effects the sanctification of priests and garments — the leitmotif verb at the climax of the consecration.
ΑαρωνAaronobject of ἡγίασεν (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑαρων: indeclinable; object of the sanctifying.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στολὰςrobesAccusativedirect object of ἡγίασεν (coordinate)→ object specificationστολή: 'robe'; see v. 2.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὺςsonsAccusativedirect object of ἡγίασεν (coordinate)→ object specificationυἱός: 'son'; the sons sanctified with Aaron.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στολὰςrobesAccusativedirect object of ἡγίασεν (coordinate)→ object specificationστολή: 'robe'; see v. 2; the sons' garments.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive of possession ('the robes of the sons')→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
μετ᾿withpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)→ spatial or relational framingμετά + gen.: 'with'; see above; the doubled list (sprinkled … hallowed) is an emphatic Hebraic repetition stressing the totality of the sanctification.
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive object of μετά→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of μετά.
31
καὶ εἶπεν Μωυσῆς πρὸς Ααρων καὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς αὐτοῦ ἑψήσατε τὰ κρέα ἐν τῇ αὐλῇ τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου ἐν τόπῳ ἁγίῳ καὶ ἐκεῖ φάγεσθε αὐτὰ καὶ τοὺς ἄρτους τοὺς ἐν τῷ κανῷ τῆς τελειώσεως ὃν τρόπον συντέτακταί μοι λέγων Ααρων καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ φάγονται αὐτά
And Moses said to Aaron and his sons, 'Boil the flesh in the court of the tent of witness, in a holy place, and there you shall eat it and the breads that are in the basket of consecration, just as it has been commanded me, saying: Aaron and his sons shall eat them.'
Moses now directs the sacrificial meal: the flesh of the consecration ram and the breads are to be boiled and eaten in a holy place at the tent's court. The eating completes the priests' incorporation. The perfect συντέτακταί ('it stands commanded') with the quotative λέγων cites the standing divine ordinance (Exod 29:31–33). Eating the holy things is itself part of the consecration.
Word-by-word analysis· 47 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristλέγω: 'say'; see v. 5; Moses gives the directive for the consecration meal.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: meaning 'Moses'; it serves as subject.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ΑαρωνAaronaccusative object of πρός (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑαρων: indeclinable; addressee of the directive.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὺςsonsAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (coordinate)→ object specificationυἱός: 'son'; the sons addressed with Aaron.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἑψήσατεboilAor Act Impv 2 Pl · ἕψωmain verb (imperative to the priests)→ ingressive aorist imperative (command to cook the flesh)ἕψω: 'boil / cook (in water)'; renders בָּשַׁל; distinct from roasting (ὀπτάω); the consecration flesh is boiled in the holy court, the customary preparation for the priestly portion (Exod 29:31).
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρέαflesh / meatAccusativedirect object of ἑψήσατε→ object specificationκρέας: 'flesh'; see v. 17; here the flesh of the consecration ram, eaten by the priests (in contrast to the destroyed sin-offering flesh).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐλῇcourtDativedative of place (locative)→ sphere or referenceαὐλή: 'courtyard / enclosure'; renders חָצֵר; the open court surrounding the tabernacle, a holy space where the priests eat the consecration meal.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtentGenitivegenitive of relationship ('court of the tent')→ relational specificationσκηνή: 'tent'; see v. 3.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof witnessGenitivegenitive of quality ('tent of witness')→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: 'witness'; see v. 3.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τόπῳplaceDativedative of place (locative)→ sphere or referenceτόπος: 'place'; renders מָקוֹם; ἐν τόπῳ ἁγίῳ ('in a holy place') stresses that the meal is eaten within sacred space, befitting the holiness of the consecration offerings (Lev 6:16, 26).
ἁγίῳholyDativeattributive adjective (modifying τόπῳ)→ sphere or referenceἅγιος: 'holy'; see v. 9; 'in a holy place,' the requirement for eating the most holy offerings.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκεῖthereadverb of place→ adverbial qualificationἐκεῖ: 'there'; renders שָׁם; the eating is to take place precisely there, in the holy court — not removed to a common place.
φάγεσθεyou shall eatFut Mid Indic 2 Pl · ἐσθίωmain verb (directive future: 'you shall eat')→ imperatival future (command expressed as future)ἐσθίω (fut. mid. φάγομαι): 'eat'; the future φάγεσθε functions as a command (imperatival future, a Hebraism rendering the imperfect of instruction); eating the consecration meal is itself part of the ordination (Exod 29:32–33).
αὐτὰthemAccusativedirect object of φάγεσθε (the flesh)→ participant referenceαὐτὰ: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of φάγεσθε (the flesh).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρτουςbreads / loavesAccusativedirect object of φάγεσθε (coordinate)→ object specificationἄρτος: 'bread / loaf'; see v. 26; the consecration breads eaten with the flesh.
τοὺςthe (that are)Accusativearticle (attributive, introducing prepositional modifier)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κανῷbasketDativedative object of ἐν ('in the basket')→ sphere or referenceκανοῦν (dat. κανῷ): 'basket'; see v. 2; the basket of the consecration breads.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τελειώσεωςof consecrationGenitivegenitive of quality ('basket of consecration')→ relational specificationτελείωσις: 'consecration'; see v. 22.
ὃνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (with τρόπον: 'just as')→ participant referenceὅς: see v. 4; the comparative idiom citing the standing command.
τρόπονmannerAccusativeadverbial accusative ('just as')→ object specificationτρόπος: see v. 4.
συντέτακταίit has been commandedPerf Pass Indic 3 Sg · συντάσσωverb of comparative clause (impersonal: 'it stands commanded')→ perfect passive (standing, settled command with continuing force)συντάσσω (perf. pass.): 'command / order'; the perfect συντέτακται ('it has been commanded and stands so') denotes the abiding force of the divine ordinance (Exod 29); the perfect tense stresses that the command remains in effect; the retained accent (συντέτακταί μοι) marks the following enclitic.
μοιto meDativedative of person ('commanded to me')→ participant reference or interestἐγώ (dat. μοι): 'to me'; Moses cites the command given to him personally — the directive's authority is the divine word he received.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Part Nom Sg Masc · λέγωcircumstantial participle (quotative marker introducing the command's words)→ present participle (introducing direct citation)λέγω (pres. ptcp.): the quotative λέγων ('saying'); see v. 1; here it introduces the words of the standing command that follow.
ΑαρωνAaronsubject of φάγονται (indeclinable; nominative by context)→ participant identificationΑαρων: indeclinable; subject of the cited command.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject (coordinate with Ααρων)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the sons named as the eaters in the cited command.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
φάγονταιshall eatFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἐσθίωmain verb of cited command (directive future)→ imperatival future (the standing ordinance)ἐσθίω (fut. mid. φάγονται): 'eat'; the imperatival future in the cited command (cf. φάγεσθε above); the divine ordinance specifies Aaron and his sons as the proper consumers of the consecration meal.
αὐτάthemAccusativedirect object of φάγονται→ participant referenceαὐτά: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of φάγονται.
32
καὶ τὸ καταλειφθὲν τῶν κρεῶν καὶ τῶν ἄρτων ἐν πυρὶ κατακαυθήσεται
And what is left over of the flesh and of the breads shall be burned up with fire.
Whatever of the holy flesh and bread remains uneaten must be burned (κατακαυθήσεται) — the same incineration-verb used for the sin-offering carcass (v. 17). The holy must not be left to decay or pass into common use; cf. the parallel command at Exod 29:34. The articular passive participle τὸ καταλειφθέν ('the leftover') neatly substantivizes the remainder.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸthe (that which)Nominativearticle (substantizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταλειφθὲνwhat is left overAor Pass Part Nom Sg Neut · καταλείπωsubstantival participle (subject: 'the remainder')→ aorist passive participle (resultant: what has been left)καταλείπω (aor. pass. ptcp.): 'leave behind / leave remaining'; the articular participle τὸ καταλειφθέν ('that which has been left over') substantivizes the leftover food; renders the Hebrew נוֹתָר ('remainder').
τῶνof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρεῶνfleshGenitivepartitive genitive ('of the flesh')→ relational specificationκρέας (pl. gen. κρεῶν): 'flesh'; see v. 17; the leftover meat of the consecration ram.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρτωνbreadsGenitivepartitive genitive ('of the breads')→ relational specificationἄρτος: 'bread'; see v. 26; the leftover consecration breads.
ἐνwith / inpreposition + dative (instrumental: 'with fire')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: instrumental ἐν πυρί ('with fire'), a Hebraizing use rendering בָּאֵשׁ.
πυρὶfireDativedative of means ('with fire')→ sphere or referenceπῦρ: 'fire'; see v. 17; the fire of disposal for the holy remainder.
κατακαυθήσεταιshall be burned upFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · κατακαίωmain verb (passive: disposal of the leftover)→ imperatival/predictive future passive (the leftover must be burned)κατακαίω (fut. pass.): 'burn up completely'; see v. 17; the passive future expresses the binding requirement that the holy remainder be wholly consumed by fire, never left to spoil or be profaned (cf. Exod 29:34).
33
καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς θύρας τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου οὐκ ἐξελεύσεσθε ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας ἕως ἡμέρα πληρωθῇ ἡμέρα τελειώσεως ὑμῶν ἑπτὰ γὰρ ἡμέρας τελειώσει τὰς χεῖρας ὑμῶν
And from the door of the tent of witness you shall not go out for seven days, until the day is fulfilled, the day of your consecration; for in seven days he will consecrate your hands.
The seven-day ordination period is commanded: the priests must remain at the tent door until the days of consecration are fulfilled. Here the τελειόω/τελείωσις idiom surfaces explicitly: ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας τελειώσει τὰς χεῖρας ὑμῶν ('in seven days he will fill/consecrate your hands') — the verb τελειόω rendering מִלֵּא יָד ('fill the hand'), the literal Hebrew idiom for installation. This word-group seeds Heb 7:28 (τετελειωμένον).
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source/separation)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: 'from'; here of separation — they must not depart 'from' the tent door.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θύραςdoorGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό→ relational specificationθύρα: 'door'; see v. 3; the threshold of the sanctuary where the priests must remain enclosed for the seven days.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtentGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationσκηνή: 'tent'; see v. 3.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof witnessGenitivegenitive of quality→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: 'witness'; see v. 3.
οὐκnotnegation (with ἐξελεύσεσθε)→ clausal qualification or emphasisοὐ: 'not'; negates the future of prohibition — they shall not leave.
ἐξελεύσεσθεyou shall go outFut Mid Indic 2 Pl · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb (prohibitive future)→ imperatival future (prohibition: 'you must not go out')ἐξέρχομαι (fut. mid.): 'go out / depart'; the future with οὐκ functions as a prohibition (a Hebraism rendering the negated imperfect); the priests must remain enclosed in the sacred precinct throughout the seven-day τελείωσις.
ἑπτὰsevenAccusativenumeral (modifying ἡμέρας: accusative of duration)→ measure or countἑπτά: 'seven'; indeclinable; renders שִׁבְעָה; the seven-day period is the complete span of the ordination, echoing the seven-day patterns of creation and consecration.
ἡμέραςdaysAccusativeaccusative of duration ('for seven days')→ object specificationἡμέρα: 'day'; renders יוֹם; the accusative of extent of time, marking the duration of the enclosure.
ἕωςuntiltemporal conjunction (introducing subjunctive clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: 'until'; renders עַד; takes the subjunctive (πληρωθῇ) for an anticipated future endpoint — the completion of the consecration days.
ἡμέραdayNominativesubject of πληρωθῇ→ participant prominenceἡμέρα: 'day'; see above; the subject of the verb 'be fulfilled.'
πληρωθῇis fulfilledAor Pass Subj 3 Sg · πληρόωverb of temporal clause (subjunctive with ἕως)→ aorist passive subjunctive (anticipated completion)πληρόω: 'fill / complete / fulfill'; renders מָלֵא; the days are 'fulfilled / completed'; notably πληρόω ('fill') is cognate in sense with the מִלֻּאִים ('fillings') idiom — the days are filled up as the priests' hands are filled.
ἡμέραdayNominativenominative in apposition ('the day of your consecration')→ participant prominenceἡμέρα: 'day'; in apposition, specifying the fulfilled day as 'the day of your consecration.'
τελειώσεωςof consecrationGenitivegenitive of quality ('day of consecration')→ relational specificationτελείωσις: 'consecration / perfecting'; see v. 22; 'the day of your consecration' is the completion of the τελείωσις (מִלֻּאִים) period.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession ('your consecration')→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession ('your consecration').
ἑπτὰsevenAccusativenumeral (modifying ἡμέρας: duration)→ measure or countἑπτά: 'seven'; see above; the seven days of the consecration of the hands.
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction (post-positive)→ discourse linkage or contrastγάρ: 'for'; post-positive; introduces the reason for the seven-day enclosure — the duration is exactly the span needed to 'fill the hands.'
ἡμέραςdaysAccusativeaccusative of duration ('for seven days')→ object specificationἡμέρα: 'day'; see above.
τελειώσειhe will consecrateFut Act Indic 3 Sg · τελειόωmain verb (the consecration of the hands)→ predictive future (the divinely-effected installation)τελειόω: 'complete / perfect / consecrate'; the verb cognate with τελείωσις; here τελειώσει τὰς χεῖρας ὑμῶν ('he will fill/consecrate your hands') renders the literal Hebrew idiom מִלֵּא יָד ('fill the hand'), the technical expression for installation into priestly office; the LXX's τελειόω foregrounds 'bringing to completion / perfecting,' the very word-group taken up in Hebrews of Christ 'made perfect' (τετελειωμένον, Heb 7:28; cf. 2:10; 5:9), where the perfected Son is the true and abiding high priest.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραςhandsAccusativedirect object of τελειώσει→ object specificationχείρ: 'hand'; see v. 14; 'consecrate your hands' = the idiom for installing the priests in office (cf. the filling of the hands at v. 27); the hands made full and complete for ministry.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession ('your hands')→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession ('your hands').
34
καθάπερ ἐποίησεν ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ταύτῃ ἐνετείλατο κύριος τοῦ ποιῆσαι ὥστε ἐξιλάσασθαι περὶ ὑμῶν
Just as he did on this day, the LORD commanded to do, so as to make atonement for you.
The verse grounds the whole seven-day rite in the divine command and states its goal: ὥστε ἐξιλάσασθαι περὶ ὑμῶν ('so as to make atonement for you'). What was done on 'this day' (the ordination just completed) is the divinely-prescribed pattern; the articular infinitive τοῦ ποιῆσαι and the result-clause ὥστε ἐξιλάσασθαι frame the action as commanded means to the end of atonement.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καθάπερjust ascomparative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθάπερ: 'just as'; see v. 13; here comparing the present day's action to the commanded pattern.
ἐποίησενhe didAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωverb of comparative clause→ constative aorist (the day's completed action)ποιέω: 'do'; see v. 4; refers to what was done in the ordination of 'this day.'
ἐνonpreposition + dative (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (temporal).
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time ('on this day')→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: 'day'; see v. 33; 'this day' = the inaugural day of the ordination.
ταύτῃthisDativedemonstrative pronoun (modifying ἡμέρᾳ)→ participant reference or interestοὗτος: 'this'; the demonstrative ταύτῃ points to the present day of consecration.
ἐνετείλατοcommandedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιmain verb (divine command)→ constative aoristἐντέλλομαι: 'command'; see v. 5; YHWH commanded the rite to be done.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of ἐνετείλατο→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה.
τοῦ(in order)Genitivearticle with articular infinitive (purpose/content of command)→ noun-phrase markingὁ (+ infinitive): the genitive article τοῦ + infinitive expresses the content/purpose of the command ('commanded … to do'); see v. 15.
ποιῆσαιto doAor Act Inf · ποιέωarticular infinitive (content of the command)→ aorist infinitive (the commanded action)ποιέω: 'do'; the aorist infinitive expresses what YHWH commanded to be done — the consecration rite itself.
ὥστεso as toconjunction (introducing result/purpose infinitive)→ discourse linkage or contrastὥστε: 'so that / so as to'; with the infinitive expresses result or purpose; here the rite's goal — 'so as to make atonement for you.'
ἐξιλάσασθαιto make atonementAor Mid Inf · ἐξιλάσκομαιinfinitive with ὥστε (result/purpose: 'to make atonement')→ aorist infinitive (the goal of the rite)ἐξιλάσκομαι: 'make atonement'; see v. 15; the goal of the whole ordination liturgy is atonement (כִּפֶּר) for the priests — the consecrated priesthood is itself established to mediate atonement.
περὶforpreposition + genitive (on behalf of)→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: 'for / concerning / on behalf of'; ἐξιλάσασθαι περὶ ὑμῶν = 'to make atonement for you,' the standard LXX construction for atonement on behalf of persons.
ὑμῶνyouGenitivegenitive object of περί ('for you')→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of περί ('for you').
35
καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν θύραν τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου καθήσεσθε ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας ἡμέραν καὶ νύκτα φυλάξεσθε τὰ φυλάγματα κυρίου ἵνα μὴ ἀποθάνητε οὕτως γὰρ ἐνετείλατό μοι κύριος ὁ θεός
And at the door of the tent of witness you shall remain seven days, day and night; you shall keep the ordinances of the LORD, that you may not die; for thus the LORD God commanded me.
The seven-day vigil is enjoined with a solemn death-sanction: φυλάξεσθε τὰ φυλάγματα κυρίου ('keep the keeping/charge of the LORD') — a cognate-accusative Hebraism (שָׁמַר מִשְׁמֶרֶת) — ἵνα μὴ ἀποθάνητε ('that you may not die'). The gravity of priestly holiness is underscored; the failure of Nadab and Abihu follows in ch. 10. The divine title κύριος ὁ θεός closes the charge with full authority.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶatpreposition + accusative (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'at'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (location).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θύρανdoorAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationθύρα: 'door'; see v. 3; the locus of the seven-day vigil.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtentGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationσκηνή: 'tent'; see v. 3.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof witnessGenitivegenitive of quality→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: 'witness'; see v. 3.
καθήσεσθεyou shall remain / sitFut Mid Indic 2 Pl · κάθημαιmain verb (directive future: 'you shall stay')→ imperatival future (the enjoined vigil)κάθημαι (fut. καθήσομαι): 'sit / remain / abide'; renders יָשַׁב; the future of command — they are to abide at the tent door throughout the seven days, keeping continuous vigil.
ἑπτὰsevenAccusativenumeral (modifying ἡμέρας: duration)→ measure or countἑπτά: 'seven'; see v. 33.
ἡμέραςdaysAccusativeaccusative of duration→ object specificationἡμέρα: 'day'; see v. 33.
ἡμέρανdayAccusativeaccusative of duration ('day and night')→ object specificationἡμέρα: 'day'; the phrase ἡμέραν καὶ νύκτα ('day and night') is an accusative of extent stressing the unbroken continuity of the vigil.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νύκταnightAccusativeaccusative of duration (coordinate)→ object specificationνύξ: 'night'; renders לַיְלָה; 'day and night' = continuous, uninterrupted keeping of the charge.
φυλάξεσθεyou shall keepFut Mid Indic 2 Pl · φυλάσσωmain verb (cognate-accusative construction)→ imperatival future (the enjoined keeping)φυλάσσω: 'guard / keep / observe'; renders שָׁמַר; the construction φυλάξεσθε τὰ φυλάγματα is a cognate accusative (Hebraism) rendering שְׁמַרְתֶּם אֶת מִשְׁמֶרֶת ('you shall keep the keeping/charge'), denoting faithful observance of the LORD's ordinances.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλάγματαordinances / chargeAccusativecognate accusative (Hebraism: 'keep the keeping')→ object specificationφύλαγμα: 'that which is to be kept / a charge / ordinance'; cognate with φυλάσσω; renders מִשְׁמֶרֶת ('charge / observance'); the cognate-accusative idiom (φυλάξεσθε τὰ φυλάγματα) intensifies the obligation of faithful priestly observance.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession ('the ordinances of the LORD')→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the charge belongs to YHWH — the priests guard what God has appointed.
ἵναthatconjunction (purpose clause with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: 'that / in order that'; introduces a negative purpose clause with the subjunctive (μὴ ἀποθάνητε).
μὴnotnegation (with subjunctive ἀποθάνητε)→ clausal qualification or emphasisμή: 'not'; the negation of the purpose clause — the death-sanction motivating faithful observance.
ἀποθάνητεyou may dieAor Act Subj 2 Pl · ἀποθνῄσκωverb of negative purpose clause→ aorist subjunctive (the averted outcome)ἀποθνῄσκω: 'die'; renders מוּת; the death-sanction guards the holiness of the priestly office; the danger is real — the failure of Nadab and Abihu (Lev 10:1–2) shows the lethal seriousness of priestly transgression in the holy place.
οὕτωςthus / soadverb of manner (referring to the command)→ adverbial qualificationοὕτως: 'thus / in this way'; renders כֵּן; points back to the whole charge as the content of the divine command.
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction (post-positive)→ discourse linkage or contrastγάρ: 'for'; post-positive; grounds the charge in the divine command Moses received.
ἐνετείλατόcommandedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιmain verb (the grounding command)→ constative aoristἐντέλλομαι: 'command'; see v. 5; the retained accent (ἐνετείλατό μοι) marks the following enclitic μοι.
μοιto meDativedative of person ('commanded to me')→ participant reference or interestἐγώ (dat. μοι): 'to me'; Moses grounds his charge in the command given personally to him by God.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of ἐνετείλατο→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; here joined with ὁ θεός in the solemn full divine title.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with θεός, in apposition to κύριος)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodNominativenominative in apposition to κύριος ('the LORD God')→ participant prominenceθεός: 'God'; renders אֱלֹהִים; κύριος ὁ θεός renders the solemn divine title יהוה אֱלֹהִים (cf. Gen 2:4); the full title invests the closing charge with maximal authority.
36
καὶ ἐποίησεν Ααρων καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ πάντας τοὺς λόγους οὓς συνέταξεν κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ
And Aaron and his sons did all the words which the LORD commanded by the hand of Moses.
The chapter closes as it began — under the sign of obedience. The summary ἐποίησεν … πάντας τοὺς λόγους οὓς συνέταξεν κύριος ('did all the words which the LORD commanded') matches the opening obedience-formula (v. 4) and the recurring refrains, sealing the ordination as the exact and complete fulfillment of the divine command given through Moses (Exod 29).
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενdidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (concluding obedience summary; singular with compound subject)→ constative aorist (comprehensive summary of obedience)ποιέω: 'do'; see v. 4; the constative aorist sums up the whole chapter as completed obedience; the singular verb leads the compound subject (Aaron and his sons), idiomatic in Greek and Hebrew.
ΑαρωνAaronsubject of ἐποίησεν (indeclinable; nominative by context)→ participant identificationΑαρων: indeclinable; the leading subject of the closing obedience formula.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject (coordinate with Ααρων)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the newly ordained priests, who together with Aaron carry out the whole command.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
πάνταςallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying λόγους)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the totality — nothing of the command is omitted; the obedience is complete.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγουςwords / commandsAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησεν→ object specificationλόγος: 'word / command / matter'; renders דָּבָר; here 'all the words' = all that YHWH commanded; like ῥῆμα (v. 5), λόγος can denote both spoken word and the thing commanded.
οὓςwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of συνέταξεν)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun, masculine accusative plural, agreeing with λόγους; introduces the relative clause grounding the obedience in YHWH's command.
συνέταξενcommandedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συντάσσωverb of relative clause (the standing command)→ constative aoristσυντάσσω: 'command / arrange'; see v. 4; the recurring obedience-verb, here sealing the whole chapter; 'commanded by the hand of Moses' (τῷ Μωυσῇ as the mediating dative) frames Moses as the channel of the divine command now wholly fulfilled.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of συνέταξεν→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the divine author of the whole ordination, fulfilled in this final verse.
τῷthe (to/through)Dativearticle (with Μωυσῇ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜωυσῇMosesDativedative of means/agent ('through Moses') or indirect object ('to Moses')→ sphere or referenceΜωυσῆς: dative Μωυσῇ; the command was given through/to Moses as mediator; the chapter closes, as Leviticus characteristically does, by locating the divine word in the hand of Moses — the obedience of Aaron and his sons is obedience to YHWH's word mediated by Moses.