1
ᾄσω δὴ τῷ ἠγαπημένῳ ᾆσμα τοῦ ἀγαπητοῦ τῷ ἀμπελῶνί μου ἀμπελὼν ἐγένετο τῷ ἠγαπημένῳ ἐν κέρατι ἐν τόπῳ πίονι
Now I will sing to my beloved a song of my beloved concerning my vineyard: a vineyard came to belong to my beloved on a horn, in a fertile place.
The chapter opens as an announced song to the beloved, so the prophetic accusation first arrives clothed as a love-song. The vineyard image is therefore introduced with tenderness before its judicial turn.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ᾄσωI will singVF2 FAI1S · ᾄδωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentᾄδω: meaning 'I will sing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὴnow / indeedX · δήsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to context→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentδὴ: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἠγαπημένῳbelovedVM · χμπδσμ ἀγαπάωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentχμπδσμ ἀγαπάω: meaning 'beloved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ᾆσμαsongN3M ASN · ᾆσμαaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentᾆσμα: meaning 'song'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγαπητοῦbeloved oneA1 GSM · ἀγαπητόςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentἀγαπητός: meaning 'beloved one'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀμπελῶνίvineyardN3W DSM · ἀμπελώνdative element functioning as indirect object or object of a preposition→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentἀμπελῶνί: meaning 'vineyard'; here it marks the relation signaled by dative element functioning as indirect object or object of a preposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἀμπελὼνvineyardN3W NSM · ἀμπελώνnominative element functioning as subject or predicate expression→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentἀμπελών: meaning 'vineyard'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate expression.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἠγαπημένῳbelovedVM · χμπδσμ ἀγαπάωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentχμπδσμ ἀγαπάω: meaning 'beloved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
κέρατιwingN3T DSN · κέραςobject of ἐν→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentκέρας: meaning 'wing'; it serves as object of ἐν.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τόπῳplaceN2 DSM · τόποςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentτόπος: meaning 'place'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
πίονιfertileA1A DSM · πίωνdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentπίων: meaning 'fertile'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
2
καὶ φραγμὸν περιέθηκα καὶ ἐφύτευσα ἄμπελον ἐν σωρηκ καὶ ᾠκοδόμησα πύργον ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῆς καὶ προλήνιον ὤρυξα ἐν αὐτῷ καὶ ἔμεινα τοῦ ποιῆσαι σταφυλήν ἐποίησεν δὲ ἀκάνθας
And I put a fence around it and planted a vine in rich soil, and I built a tower in its midst and dug a wine vat in it, and I waited for it to produce grapes, but it produced thorns.
The owner's careful actions accumulate one after another: fencing, planting, tower-building, and vat-digging. The final disappointment, however, breaks the idyllic sequence by yielding thorns where grapes were expected.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φραγμὸνwall / fenceN2 ASM · φραγμόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentφραγμός: meaning 'wall'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
περιέθηκαset aroundVAI AAI1S · τίθημι + περιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentτίθημι + περι: meaning 'set around'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐφύτευσαplantVAI AAI1S · φυτεύωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentφυτεύω: meaning 'plant'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
ἄμπελονvineN2 ASF · ἄμπελοςobject of ὑπὸ in the first security image→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentἄμπελος: meaning 'vine'; it serves as object of ὑπὸ in the first security image.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
σωρηκrich soilN DS · σωρηκadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentσωρηκ: meaning 'rich soil'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ᾠκοδόμησαbuiltVAI AAI1S · οἰκοδομέωmain verb→ constative aoristοἰκοδομέω: meaning 'built'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb.
πύργονtowerN2 ASM · πύργοςdirect object of ἐπάταξεν→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentπύργος: meaning 'tower'; it serves as direct object of ἐπάταξεν.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSM · μέσοςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προλήνιονwine vatN2N ASN · προλήνιονaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentπρολήνιον: meaning 'wine vat'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement.
ὤρυξαdigVAI AAI1S · ὀρύσσωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentὀρύσσω: meaning 'dig'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔμειναremainVAI AAI1S · μένωverbal element carrying the clause action→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentμένω: meaning 'remain'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause action.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιῆσαιmake / doVA AAN · ποιέωinfinitival verbal form expressing purpose or complement→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeποιέω: meaning 'make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitival verbal form expressing purpose or complement.
σταφυλήνgrapeN1 ASF · σταφυλήaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentσταφυλή: meaning 'grape'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀκάνθαςthornN1A APF · ἄκανθαaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentἄκανθα: meaning 'thorn'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement.
3
καὶ νῦν ἄνθρωπος τοῦ Ιουδα καὶ οἱ ἐνοικοῦντες ἐν Ιερουσαλημ κρίνατε ἐν ἐμοὶ καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον τοῦ ἀμπελῶνός μου
And now, O man of Judah and you who dwell in Jerusalem, judge between me and my vineyard.
The hearers are drawn into the case as judges. Judah and Jerusalem are no longer passive listeners to a song but parties implicated in a covenant lawsuit.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse pivot to present applicationνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄνθρωποςman / human beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςcommon noun within the clause→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνοικοῦντεςdwellingV2 · παπνπμ οἰκέω + ἐνparticiple modifying a noun or supplying descriptive verbal force→ participleπαπνπμ οἰκέω + ἐν: meaning 'dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying a noun or supplying descriptive verbal force.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
κρίνατεjudgeVA AAD2P · κρίνωmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause→ ingressive aorist imperative (render righteous verdicts)κρίνω: meaning 'judge'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἐμοὶmeRP DS · ἐγώpronoun→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentἐμοὶ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνὰbetweenP · ἀνάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀνὰ: meaning 'between'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μέσονmidstA1 ASM · μέσοςcommon noun within the clause→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀμπελῶνόςvineyardN3W GSM · ἀμπελώνgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentἀμπελών: meaning 'vineyard'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
4
τί ποιήσω τῷ ἀμπελῶνί μου ἔτι καὶ οὐκ ἐποίησα αὐτῷ διότι ἔμεινα ἵνα ποιήσῃ σταφυλήν ἐποίησεν δὲ ἀκάνθας
What shall I do yet for my vineyard that I have not done for it? Because I waited for it to produce grapes, why did it produce thorns?
The owner asks what more could have been done, making the vineyard's failure indefensible. The question turns disappointment into accusation by exposing the completeness of the Lord's care.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ποιήσωdo / makeVA AAS1S · ποιέωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ aoristποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀμπελῶνίvineyardN3W DSM · ἀμπελώνdative element functioning as indirect object or object of a preposition→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentἀμπελῶνί: meaning 'vineyard'; here it marks the relation signaled by dative element functioning as indirect object or object of a preposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceἔτι: meaning 'still'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐποίησαdo / makeVAI AAI1S · ποιέωfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause action→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal predicate carrying the clause action.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔμειναremainVAI AAI1S · μένωverbal element carrying the clause action→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentμένω: meaning 'remain'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause action.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσῃdoVA AAS3S · ποιέωsubjunctive verb in the indefinite relative clause→ aorist subjunctive in deliberative-like protestποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as subjunctive verb in the indefinite relative clause.
σταφυλήνgrapeN1 ASF · σταφυλήaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentσταφυλή: meaning 'grape'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀκάνθαςthornN1A APF · ἄκανθαaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentἄκανθα: meaning 'thorn'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement.
5
νῦν δὲ ἀναγγελῶ ὑμῖν τί ποιήσω τῷ ἀμπελῶνί μου ἀφελῶ τὸν φραγμὸν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔσται εἰς διαρπαγήν καὶ καθελῶ τὸν τοῖχον αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔσται εἰς καταπάτημα
And now I will declare to you what I will do to my vineyard: I will remove its fence, and it shall be for plundering, and I will tear down its wall, and it shall be for trampling.
The case now moves from accusation to judgment. Protection will be removed, and the once-cherished vineyard will become open to plunder and trampling.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse pivot to present applicationνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναγγελῶlet me tell / I will declareVF2 FAI1S · ἀγγέλλω + ἀναmain verb (volitive future)→ verbal form carrying the clause's action forwardἀγγέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'let me tell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (volitive future).
ὑμῖνto youRP DP · σύpronoun functioning as dative complement→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentὑμῖν: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ποιήσωdo / makeVA AAS1S · ποιέωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ aoristποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀμπελῶνίvineyardN3W DSM · ἀμπελώνdative element functioning as indirect object or object of a preposition→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentἀμπελῶνί: meaning 'vineyard'; here it marks the relation signaled by dative element functioning as indirect object or object of a preposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἀφελῶtake awayVF2 FAI1S · αἱρέω + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristαἱρέω + ἀπο: meaning 'take away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φραγμὸνwall / fenceN2 ASM · φραγμόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentφραγμός: meaning 'wall'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
διαρπαγήνplunderingN1 ASF · διαρπαγήObject / complement→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentδιαρπαγή: meaning 'plundering'; it serves as Object / complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καθελῶbring downVF2 FAI1S · αἱρέω + καταmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting a coming actionαἱρέω + κατα: meaning 'bring down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τοῖχονwallN2 ASM · τοῖχοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentτοῖχος: meaning 'wall'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
καταπάτημαtramplingN3M ASN · καταπάτημαaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentκαταπάτημα: meaning 'trampling'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement.
6
καὶ ἀνήσω τὸν ἀμπελῶνά μου καὶ οὐ μὴ τμηθῇ οὐδὲ μὴ σκαφῇ καὶ ἀναβήσεται εἰς αὐτὸν ὡσεὶ εἰς χέρσον ἄκανθαι καὶ ταῖς νεφέλαις ἐντελοῦμαι τοῦ μὴ βρέξαι εἰς αὐτὸν ὑετόν
And I will abandon my vineyard, and it shall by no means be pruned nor by any means dug, and thorns shall come up on it as on fallow ground, and I will command the clouds not to rain rain upon it.
The sentence deepens into a full reversal of cultivation: no pruning, no digging, thorns, and withheld rain. What had been lovingly prepared is handed over to abandonment.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνήσωlet goVF FAI1S · ἵημι + ἀναmain verbal form advancing the clause→ futureἵημι + ἀνα: meaning 'let go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀμπελῶνάvineyardN3W ASM · ἀμπελώνaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentἀμπελών: meaning 'vineyard'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
τμηθῇpruneVC APS3S · τέμνωverbal form contributing action, state, or process to the clause→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentτέμνω: meaning 'prune'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form contributing action, state, or process to the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέcoordinating or connective particle linking clauses or steps in the argument→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
σκαφῇbe dugVS APS3S · σκάπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentσκάπτω: meaning 'be dug'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναβήσεταιgo upVF FMI3S · βαίνω + ἀναfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardβαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'go up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ὡσεὶaboutD · ὡσείadverbial particle modifying the clause→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentὡσεὶ: meaning 'about'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
χέρσονwastelandN2 ASF · χέρσοςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentχέρσος: meaning 'wasteland'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement.
ἄκανθαιthornsN1A NPF · ἄκανθαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentἄκανθα: meaning 'thorns'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νεφέλαιςcloudN1 DPF · νεφέληdative element functioning as indirect object or object of a preposition→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentνεφέλαις: meaning 'cloud'; here it marks the relation signaled by dative element functioning as indirect object or object of a preposition.
ἐντελοῦμαιI will give ordersV2 PMI1S · τελέω + ἐνmain verb (royal promise)→ predictive future (commitment to act)τελέω + ἐν: meaning 'I will give orders'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (royal promise).
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
βρέξαιrainVA AAN · βρέχωverbal form contributing action, state, or process to the clause→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentβρέχω: meaning 'rain'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form contributing action, state, or process to the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ὑετόνὑετόςN2 ASM · ὑετόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentὑετός: meaning 'ὑετός'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
7
ὁ γὰρ ἀμπελὼν κυρίου σαβαωθ οἶκος Ισραηλ ἐστὶν καὶ ἄνθρωπος τοῦ Ιουδα νεόφυτον ἠγαπημένον καὶ ἔμεινα τοῦ ποιῆσαι κρίσιν ἐποίησεν δὲ ἀνομίαν καὶ οὐ δικαιοσύνην ἀλλὰ κραυγήν
For the vineyard of the Lord Sabaoth is the house of Israel, and the man of Judah is a beloved new planting. I waited for it to produce justice, but it produced lawlessness; not righteousness, but an outcry.
The metaphor is explicitly decoded: the vineyard is Israel and Judah. The climactic contrast between expected justice and actual lawlessness turns the song into unmistakable prophetic indictment.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀμπελὼνvineyardN3W NSM · ἀμπελώνnominative element functioning as subject or predicate expression→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentἀμπελών: meaning 'vineyard'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate expression.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
σαβαωθSabaothN SABAWQproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentσαβαωθ: meaning 'Sabaoth'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
οἶκοςhouseN2 NSM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ἐστὶνeimiV9 PAI3S · εἰμίfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ present of identificationεἰμί: meaning 'eimi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄνθρωποςman / human beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςcommon noun within the clause→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
νεόφυτονnew plantingA1B NSN · νεόφυτοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate expression→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentνεόφυτος: meaning 'new planting'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate expression.
ἠγαπημένονbelovedVM · χμπνσν ἀγαπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentχμπνσν ἀγαπάω: meaning 'beloved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔμειναremainVAI AAI1S · μένωverbal element carrying the clause action→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentμένω: meaning 'remain'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause action.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιῆσαιmake / doVA AAN · ποιέωinfinitival verbal form expressing purpose or complement→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeποιέω: meaning 'make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitival verbal form expressing purpose or complement.
κρίσινjudgmentN3I ASF · κρίσιςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνομίανiniquitiesN1A ASF · ἀνομίαcommon noun within the clause→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentἀνομία: meaning 'iniquities'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
δικαιοσύνηνrighteousnessN1 ASF · δικαιοσύνηaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάcoordinating or discourse-linking conjunction→ coordinationἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κραυγήνcryN1 ASF · κραυγήaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentκραυγή: meaning 'cry'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement.
8
οὐαὶ οἱ συνάπτοντες οἰκίαν πρὸς οἰκίαν καὶ ἀγρὸν πρὸς ἀγρὸν ἐγγίζοντες ἵνα τοῦ πλησίον ἀφέλωνται μὴ οἰκήσετε μόνοι ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς
Woe to those who join house to house and bring field near to field so as to take away something from their neighbor. Will you dwell alone upon the land?
The interpreted parable now lands in direct social application. Land-grabbing ambition is condemned as a concrete expression of the injustice exposed by the vineyard song.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
οὐαὶwoeI · οὐαίinterjection or attention marker heightening the clause→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentοὐαί: meaning 'woe'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συνάπτοντεςjoiningV1 · παπνπμ ἅπτω + συνparticiple modifying a noun or supplying descriptive verbal force→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentπαπνπμ ἅπτω + συν: meaning 'joining'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying a noun or supplying descriptive verbal force.
οἰκίανhouseN1A ASF · οἰκίαnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentοἰκία: meaning 'house'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
οἰκίανhouseN1A ASF · οἰκίαnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentοἰκία: meaning 'house'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγρὸνfieldN2 ASM · ἀγρόςnominal term functioning as an accusative complement→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentἀγρός: meaning 'field'; it serves as nominal term functioning as an accusative complement.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ἀγρὸνfieldN2 ASM · ἀγρόςnominal term functioning as an accusative complement→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentἀγρός: meaning 'field'; it serves as nominal term functioning as an accusative complement.
ἐγγίζοντεςeggizoV1 · παπνπμ ἐγγίζωparticipial verbal form modifying a participant or adding circumstance to the clause→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentπαπνπμ ἐγγίζω: meaning 'eggizo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form modifying a participant or adding circumstance to the clause.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλησίονneighborD · πλησίονindeclinable element shaping the clause→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentπλησίον: meaning 'neighbor'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἀφέλωνταιtake awayVB AMS3P · αἱρέω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentαἱρέω + ἀπο: meaning 'take away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
οἰκήσετεdwellVF FAI2P · οἰκέωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentοἰκέω: meaning 'dwell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
μόνοιaloneA1 NPM · μόνοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentμόνος: meaning 'alone'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
9
ἠκούσθη γὰρ ταῦτα πάντα εἰς τὰ ὦτα κυρίου σαβαωθ προσευχὴ Εζεκιου
For all these things were heard in the ears of the Lord Sabaoth. Prayer of Hezekiah.
The Lord has heard the whole matter, so the woe carries divine weight rather than merely prophetic irritation. The appended Hezekiah heading then serves as the Odes handoff into the next chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἠκούσθηwas heardVXI XPI3S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentἀκούω: meaning 'was heard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταῦταtheseRD NPN · οὗτοςpronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentταῦτα: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element.
πάνταallA3 NPN · πᾶςnom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὦταearsN3T APN · οὖςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentοὖς: meaning 'ears'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
σαβαωθSabaothN SABAWQproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentσαβαωθ: meaning 'Sabaoth'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
προσευχὴprayerN1 NSF · προσευχήsubject nominative→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentπροσευχή: meaning 'prayer'; it serves as subject nominative.
ΕζεκιουHezekiahN1T GSM · Εζεκιαςgenitival dependent within the phrase→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentΕζεκιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitival dependent within the phrase.