Companion summary Themes, outlines & translation notes Every chapter's theme and argument outline, the textual notes, and a table of the major exegetical cruxes.

1. 1 Jonah 1 Α′ The commissioning and flight of the prophet: the LORD's word goes out to Jonah, who flees to sea; the LORD answers with a storm that exposes his servant's disobedience to the pagan sailors, whose growing fear of Israel's God culminates in sacrifice and vows — while Jonah sinks toward the deep. 16 verses · 403 words PDF
2. 2 Jonah 2 Β′ From the belly of the sea-monster to the dry land, Jonah's psalm enacts the full arc of the individual lament-thanksgiving: a descent to Sheol itself (κοιλία ᾅδου, ἄβυσσος, the bars of the underworld) answered by a divine rescue recalled in past tenses, a vow of sacrifice and fulfilled praise, and the confessional summit — σωτηρία τῷ κυρίῳ, 'salvation belongs to the LORD' — before the fish's violent expulsion restores Jonah to dry land and a renewed commission. 11 verses · 184 words PDF
3. 3 Jonah 3 Γ′ The reluctant prophet's second chance becomes the ancient world's most spectacular mass repentance — pagan Nineveh, from king to cattle, strips off royal pomp, dons sackcloth, and turns from violence, and God, seeing their works, relents of the destruction he had decreed: the chapter is the theological axis of the book, setting up the bitter irony of chapter 4 where the one man who should rejoice is the one who protests. 10 verses · 236 words PDF
4. 4 Jonah 4 Δ′ God's mercy toward Nineveh meets Jonah's furious resistance: a series of divine appointments — plant, worm, scorching east wind — stages an enacted parable in which Jonah's irrational grief over a transient gourd becomes the premise of the book's unanswered closing question, asking whether the One who created both prophet and city may not pity a hundred and twenty thousand persons, and many cattle besides. 11 verses · 263 words PDF